Kukanganisa kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze panyika yedu uye kudzikama kwayo kuri kuramba kuchioneka. Tsvagiridzo yakakura yesainzi yakaratidza kukurumidza kukwira kweavhareji tembiricha yepasirese mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, ichiperekedzwa nemhedzisiro inotyisa yekunyungudika kwechando chechando, kuchena kwemakorari uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvakati wandei. Izvi zviratidzo zvinoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chakasimba chekuti tave pedyo zvine ngozi kusvika pakusadzoka. Imwe yemigumisiro yemamiriro ezvinhu aya ndeyekuonekwa kwe zvipoko masango.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti masango emweya chii, maitiro avo nemigumisiro.
Mhedzisiro yakakomba yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kutaridzika kwemasango emweya
Izvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa hazvitipi nzira dzekuona zvakananga mhedzisiro inoguma, sekuwanda kwemasango emweya, ayo ari kuwedzera kuwanda pakati peAtlantic mahombekombe eUnited States.
Apo mvura yemunyu inopinda munzvimbo dzine masango anotsamira pamvura yakachena, inoita kuti pave nemasango echipoko. Ivhu rinozara nemunyu wakanyanya, zvichiita kuti miti yakura zvishoma nezvishoma ichinyangarika uye ichitadzisa kukura kwemiduku, iyo inotamburira kuzadza nzvimbo yakasiiwa nevaitangira.
Iyo yaimbove yakasvibira yakasvibira, inoratidzwa nemiti inokura iyo yakaita basa rakakosha kuchengetedza kuenzana kweiyo ecosystem, Iko zvino yashanduka kuva nzvimbo inoratidzirwa nezvigamba zvakakura zvematanda akadonha, zvidimbu, uye mapazi akafa. Kusiyana neizvi, nhamba shoma yemhando dzemakwenzi anoshivirira munyu dziri kutanga kuwanda.
Mavambo ekuonekwa kwemasango emweya
Maererano nenyanzvi yezvakatipoteredza Emiliy Ury, kukurumidza kukwira kwegungwa kunoratidzika kuva kuri kukunda kukwanisa kwemasango aya kujairana nemwando wakawedzera uye munyu. Kukanganisa kunokanganisa kwe Zviitiko zvemamiriro okunze zvakanyanyisa, zvinowedzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvinowedzerwazve nemadutu ane simba, madutu anogara achiitika, uye kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu. Ury, uyo akaita ongororo yakazara yemifananidzo yesatellite yakapihwa neNASA, anojekesa kutaridzika kunoshamisa kwemasango emweya.
Ury anoti mumakore makumi matatu neshanu apfuura, chikamu chakakosha chemasango ane masango eAlligator River National Wildlife Refuge muNorth Carolina chakanyangarika. iyo inomiririra kupfuura 10% yehuwandu hwayo. Kunyangarika uku kunonyanya kucherechedzwa tichitarisa nzvimbo yehupoteri senzvimbo yemubatanidzwa isina mabasa emunhu, zvichiratidza kusarudzika kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze anthropogenic pakukwira kwemvura.
Kuvapo kwemasango ezvipoko hakusi kungotungamira mukurasikirwa kwezvipenyu uye neakakosha masevhisi eecological avanopa, asi zvakare anobatsira kutenderera kunowedzera mamiriro ekunze. Izvi zvinoitika apo miti inogara yakasvibira, inokonzera kusveta carbon dioxide uye kuderedza kuzara kwayo mumhepo mukati megore rose, inofa nekuda kwekuwanda kwemunyu mumvura.
Zvikonzero muUnited States
Vafambi vanodirana kuNeskowin Beach, nzvimbo ine mukurumbira muUnited States. Nemvura dzayo dzePacific dzinotonhora, masaisai anodaidzira asingadzivisiki kuti akwire pabhodhi repasi, uye haawanzoodza mwoyo. Zvisinei, Sezvo mafungu anopera, pfungwa dzinochinja kubva mugungwa. Maumbirwo ecylindrical anoda kuziva anobuda munzvimbo ine madhaka iyo painotarisisa inoita sematombo. Zvisinei, aya haasi matombowo zvawo; Ndiwo zvisaririra zvemiti yekare, zvisaririra zvesango remidzimu.
Sitka spruce masango, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mudunhu reOregon, kunogara Neskowin, akawanda. Aya maconifers anoyevedza, anokwanisa kusvika kureba kwemamita zana, Ivo vanobva kumakomo ePacific kuNorth America. Sitka spruce masango, ayo anogara munzvimbo dzine hunyoro dzemahombekombe, haapfuuri kure mukati menyika. Naizvozvo hazvishamisi kuti zvakasara zvesango remweya reNeskowin zvinonyanya kuumbwa nemiti mikuru iyi.
Muchiitiko chakaitika angangoita zviuru zviviri zvemakore apfuura, mhenderekedzo yegungwa yakangoerekana yadzika uye isingatsananguriki, ichinyura kupfuura mamita maviri. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chiitiko ichi chinogona kunge chakakonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika kana tsunami. Semagumo, Masango aichimbova masango akanyudzwa mumvura ine munyu ndokunyura mumadhaka. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvinomera zvakaparara, asi zvakasara zvakachengetedzwa pasi pepamusoro, zvakachengetedzwa kubva pakuipa kwemigumisiro yeokisijeni. Makanga muri kutozosvikira muna 1997, apo dutu rine simba rakamuka, apo zvisaririra izvi zvekare zvakafukunurwa ndokuratidzirwazve kunyika.
Kuvapo kweNeskowin Ghost Forest kunoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chinotyisa chenguva ine bongozozo munhoroondo yemhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweUnited States, inoratidzwa nekuitika kwekudengenyeka kwenyika. Zvisinei, Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti masango emweya anogona kubuda kuburikidza nedzimwe nzira kunze kwekuchinja kwe tectonic. Uyezve, kuwanda kuri kuwedzera kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kuita kuti kuwedzere mune ramangwana.
Sekureva kweNOAA, maumbirwo aya anomuka kana mvura yemunyu ichipinda musango, ingave pamusoro pevhu kana pasi pevhu, zvichiita kuti ivhu neaquifers zviite saline. Miti, iyo inotsamira pamvura yakachena kuti irarame, inotanga kusvava, zvishoma nezvishoma ichiiswa muchetura nemunyu. miti yakawanda Dzinoramba dzakatwasuka, dzisina upenyu, uye muitiro wokuora unoderera, zvichiita kuti pave nechiono chinotyisa. Inoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chinotyisa chesango risingazombomutsirwi.
Kupinda kwemvura yemunyu munzvimbo dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa kunogona kuverengerwa kuchiitiko chetectonic, sekuenzanisirwa nezviitiko zvakaitika kuNeskowin makore 2.000 apfuura (tsananguro yakadzama yemaitiro aya inogona kuwanikwa muvhidhiyo yakabatanidzwa). Nekudaro, kuwedzera kwemasango emweya kwave kuri kuitika mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwe kusanganiswa kwekukwira kwegungwa nemigumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Dambudziko iri harina kugumira kuOregon, asi zvakare idambudziko rine mukurumbira muEast Coast yeUnited States, zviuru zvemamaira kure.
Salinization yenzvimbo dzemahombekombe
Salinization iri kukonzera kukanganisa kumasango emahombekombe ari pedyo neEast Coast, iyo inotambanuka kubva kuNorth Carolina kusvika Massachusetts uye inotenderedza nyika dzakaita seVirginia, Delaware neNew Jersey. Kupinda kwemvura yeAtlantic munyika idzi idambudziko rinoramba riripo, uye ongororo ichangobva kuitwa neClimate Institute paRutgers University neUnited States Department of Agriculture inofanotaura kuti chiitiko ichi chichaitika nekuwedzera kuwanda mune ramangwana.
Kumhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwenyika kune masango ane musanganiswa wemiti yakasvibira uye yakasvibira. Aya masango anogadzira akasiyana ecosystem inopa hutiziro kune maruva nemhuka dziri mungozi yekutsakatika, ukuwo ichiita seyakakosha kabhoni chitoro. Uyezve, Vanonyatsotarisirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa neindasitiri yematanda. Uyezve, masango aya anoshanda sechidziviriro chinokosha chomusikirwo pamasimba anoparadza emadutu.
Kurarama kwenzvimbo dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa idzi kwava kutyisidzirwa nekuda kwekukwira kwemvura yemugungwa. Muzana remakore rapfuura, Avhareji yepasi rose yekukwira kwemvura yegungwa yanga iri 21 centimita. Nekudaro, mune mamwe matunhu uye panguva yezvimwe zviitiko, kuwedzera kwacho kwakakwira zvakanyanya. Muenzaniso wakanaka ndewekuitika kwemadutu emvura, ayo anokonzera mafashamo emumahombekombe nekuda kwemadutu ane simba. Munguva yezviitiko izvi, mwero wegungwa unogona kukwira nemamita akati wandei, sezvakaratidzwa neDutu reKatrina, iro rakakonzera kukwira kwemamita anopfuura masere muMississippi Delta.
Zvishoma nezvishoma kusimuka kwegungwa hakungotungamira kune zviitiko chaizvo zvinofashama masango emahombekombe nemvura yemunyu, asi zvakare zvine chechipiri mhedzisiro: kupinda zvishoma nezvishoma kwemvura ine munyu mumvura yepasi. Sezvo mwero wegungwa uchikwira, kusanganiswa kwemvura yepasi pevhu nemvura ine munyu kunowedzera kuwanda, zvichiita kuti ivhu riwedzere kuva nemunyu zvishoma nezvishoma.
Nokupindirwa kwemvura ine munyu muzvisikwa zvomumhenderekedzo yegungwa, zvinomera zvomusikirwo zvaimbobudirira munzvimbo idzi zviri kunyangarika. Izvi zvinomera nemiti, kana zvikapiwa mukana, zvinofamba mukati menyika, zvichisiya masango ezvipoko anotyisa uye zvichiburitsa kabhoni yakachengetwa mumhepo. Zvisinei, ichi void zvakare Inogona kuzadzwa nemiti yakanyatso kuchinjirwa kune saline nharaunda, senge matope emiti.
Mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura, chiitiko ichi chave chakanyanya kutaurwa. Mune mamwe matunhu, akadai seAlligator River National Park muNorth Carolina, Zvinopfuura 10% zvemasango aichimbova akabudirira akanyangarika. Nepo mhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva kweUnited States ichiita seine mutoro wekukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekukwira kwemvura yemugungwa, humbowo hwekuita uku hwabudawo mune mamwe makona akati wandei epasi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve zvikonzero zvekuonekwa kwemasango emweya uye mhedzisiro yavo inogona kuitika.