Geothermal energy ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza uye zvinovimbisa zvinogonekazve nekuda kwekugona kwayo kushandisa kupisa kwemukati mePasi. Kugona kwayo kuvandudza mamiriro ekupa simba muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvinoita kuti ive imwe yeanonyanya kutaridzikazve tekinoroji yeramangwana. Tevere, isu tichaongorora kuti chii chinonzi geothermal simba, kuti rinoshanda sei, nhoroondo yaro, mashandisirwo, zvakanakira nekuipira, uye mamiriro ayo muSpain.
Chii chinonzi geothermal energy?
Geothermal simba Inotsanangurwa sesimba rinogonekazve rinotora mukana wekupisa kubva pasi pePasi. Kupisa uku kunogadzirwa mukati meNyika uye kunokwira kumusoro mune geological phenomena senge makomo anoputika, magiya uye zvitubu zvinopisa. Zvisinei, kupisa uku hakugoni kushandiswa chete muzviitiko izvi. Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka nekuisa subsoil heat extraction system, senge geothermal kupisa pombi, iyo inobvumira kushandiswa kwavo kupisa, kutonhora uye kunyange kugadzirwa kwemagetsi.
Kana tichitaura nezve yakaderera-enthalpy geothermal simba, tiri kureva iyo inowanikwa pakadzika isina kudzika, nepo yakakwirira-enthalpy zviwanikwa zvinogona kudzika makiromita.
Simba reGeothermal rakaratidza kuve sarudzo yakavimbika, inogara iripo uye yenguva refu, sezvo ichikwanisa kugadzira simba pasina kuenderana nekushanduka kwemwaka sezvinoitika nesimba rezuva kana remhepo. Nekudaro, kugoverwa kwayo kwenzvimbo kunogadziriswa nekuwanikwa kwe mari yekupisa munzvimbo dzakanaka.
Nhoroondo ye geothermal simba
Nhoroondo yegeothermal simba muEurope yakatanga neSweden semapiyona, ichisundwa nedambudziko remafuta muna 1979. Kudiwa kwemamwe manyuko esimba kwakaita kuti nyika zhinji dzitore mukana weichi chitubu chinogoneka. Finland, United States, Japan, Germany, France neNetherlands dzakagadzirawo hunyanzvi hwakakosha mundima iyi kwemakumi emakore.
Pasi rose, Iceland ndiyo imwe yenyika dzakafambira mberi zvakanyanya mundima iyi, ichitora mukana wezviwanikwa zvayo zvekupisa kwegomo rekugadzira magetsi nekudziya zvivakwa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, muSouth America, Chile yakavhura chirimwa chekutanga chegeothermal mukondinendi, ichiratidza kufarira kuri kukura kwehunyanzvi uhu mune mamwe matunhu.
Geothermal simba applications
Iko kushandiswa kwegeothermal simba kwakasiyana uye zvinoenderana nekupisa kweiyo iripo geothermal zviwanikwa:
- Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi: Yakakwira enthalpy zviwanikwa (>150°C) yakanakira kugadzira magetsi kuburikidza nemhepo inopfungaira.
- Heat pumping systems: Yakaderera enthalpy zviwanikwa (30-150 ° C) inoshandiswa kumhepo zvivakwa, sedzimba, mahofisi, kana kunyange greenhouses nemadziva emvura. Aya marudzi ekushandisa ari kuwedzera kuvandudzwa munyika dzakaita seUnited States, Japan nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope.
- Indasitiri nekurima: Maindasitiri anoda simba rinopisa rekuita sekuomesa, kudhirowa kwemakemikari, pasteurization uye kupisa kwegreenhouse, zvichiita kuti geothermal ive yakakosha sosi.
- Urban heat: Dzimwe nyika dzakaita seIceland dzinoshandisa geothermal simba kupa kupisa kumatunhu ese kuburikidza nepakati masisitimu, kuderedza kutsamira pamafuta efosi.
Kubatsira kwesimba remhepo inopisa
Geothermal simba rine zvakawanda zvakanaka:
- Nzvimbo uye yemahara sosi: Simba reGeothermal haribvi pane zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye rinogara richiwanikwa munyika dzine mari dzakakodzera.
- Kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza: Geothermal simba rekugadzira rinoburitsa mashoma mashoma egreenhouse gasi, zvichiita kuti ive yakachena sosi yesimba.
- Mikana yekugadzira mabasa: Geothermal simba zvivakwa zvinogadzira kudiwa kwevashandi vane hunyanzvi muinjiniya, kuchera nedzimwe nzvimbo dzehunyanzvi.
- Mutengo wakagadzikana wenguva refu: Kusiyana neasingadzokerikezve simba masosi, geothermal simba harisi pasi pekuchinja kwemitengo yemafuta, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzikana mumitengo yechizvarwa.
Kuipa kwegeothermal simba
Pasinei nemabhenefiti akawanda, geothermal simba zvakare rine zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa:
- Kuita kunogumira kune kwaakabva: Izvo zvivakwa zvinofanirwa kunge zviri padyo nemadhipoziti, izvo zvinomisa kugovera kwavo uye kuwana nzvimbo dziri kure dzemaguta.
- Yakakwira yekutanga Investment: Zvivakwa zvekushandiswa kwegeothermal deposits zvinoda mari yakakosha, mukuongorora uye mukuchera nekuvaka zvirimwa.
- Kuderedzwa kwe deposits: Kunyanya kushandiswa kwedhipoziti kunogona kupedza chitubu kana pasina kudzora kwakakwana kwesimba rekuzvarwa patsva.
- Dambudziko rekudengenyeka kwenyika: Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, kushandiswa kwegeothermal kunogona kukonzera kudengenyeka kwepasi nekuda kwekuchinja kwekumanikidza mupasi.
Geothermal simba muSpain
Panyaya yeSpain, kushandiswa kwegeothermal simba kuchiri kushoma kana zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope. Kunyangwe zvakakosha mukana wakaonekwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo, senge Canary Islands Nekuda kwekwakabva kuputika kwemakomo, kushaikwa kwekudyara uye mitemo yakakwana kwatadzisa kusimukira kwehunyanzvi uhu munyika.
Nekudaro, pane nhau dzinokurudzira: Galicia inogona kuve imwe yenzvimbo dzekutanga kushandisa geothermal simba rekudziya, mhepo yekudziya uye mvura inopisa muzvivakwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kufarira kuri kukura mumapombi ekupisa kwegeothermal kuri kutyaira kudiwa munharaunda yekugara.
Kunyangwe kuvandudzwa kwemapurojekiti makuru ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi kusingashande munzvimbo zhinji dzeSpain, kushandiswa kwayo mumashandisirwo madiki, senge masisitimu ekudziya, kuri kuwedzera, kuchibatsirwa nehupfumi uye tekinoroji kukurudzira.
Maonero epasi rose uye mapurojekiti akakodzera
Pasi rose, kushandiswa kwegeothermal simba kuri kuwedzera zvakanyanya mumatunhu ane mukana wakanyanya, seIceland, New Zealand uye zvikamu zveCentral America. Chile, semuenzaniso, nguva pfupi yadarika yakavhura gwenya remagetsi ekutanga muSouth America, rinokwanisa kugadzira simba remhuri dzinopfuura 165.000.
Aya marudzi emapurojekiti anomira pachena pakugona kwavo kugadzira simba rakachena, kutora mukana wezviwanikwa zvePasi pasina kukonzeresa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Muchokwadi, geothermal simba nderimwe remagetsi anogona kudzokororwa ane yakaderera kabhoni tsoka.
Kunyangwe mamwe matambudziko ane chekuita nejogirafi uye kutanga kudyara, geothermal simba rinoonekwa semhinduro inoshanda kudzikisa kutsamira pamafuta efosi. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe magetsi anogoneka senge solar kana mhepo, ine mukana wekugara uye kwete zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze.
Munyika yedu, kuchine nzira refu yekuenda kuzadzisa kuwanda kwekuita, asi nemitemo yakakodzera, kushandiswa kwesimba iri rinogona kukura zvakanyanya mumakore anotevera.