Munyika yemasimba anodzokororwa, nzira mbiri dzakakosha dzechizvarwa dzinomira pachena: solar energy and the mhepo ine simba. Nepo simba rezuva richishandura mwaranzi yezuva kuita simba remagetsi kuburikidza nemagetsi ezuva, simba remhepo rinotarisa pakushandisa simba remhepo kuburikidza nemhepo turbines. Midziyo iyi yakakosha pakushandura kinetic simba remhepo kuita simba remagetsi rinoshandiswa.
ari turbines emhepo Iwo akaoma mukugadzira kwawo uye anoda zvidzidzo zvepamberi kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kuiswa kwavo kune pundutso uye kunoshanda. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana uye matekinoroji ane hukama nemhepo turbines, ayo anosiyana zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwavo uye simba rekugadzira magetsi. Muchikamu chino iwe uchadzidza zvakadzama zvese zvine chekuita nemhepo turbines.
Hunhu hwemhepo turbine
Maturbine emhepo anoshandura mhepo kinetic simba musimba remagetsi kuburikidza nemashizha anotenderera nekuda kwesimba remhepo. Aya mashizha anogona kutenderera pakati 13 uye 20 mabhindauko paminiti (rpm), zvichienderana nemhepo turbine tekinoroji uye kumhanya kwemhepo nguva dzese. Zvishandiso zvemablades zvinokanganisawo kumhanya kwekutenderera; Mashizha akareruka anowanzo tenderera nekukurumidza.
Iyo yakanyanya kukurumidza mashizha anowana, iyo yakawanda yakawanda yesimba rinogadzirwa nemhepo turbine, iyo inowedzera yayo kubudirira. Nekudaro, kuti utange mudziyo pakutanga, simba rekubatsira rinodiwa. Kana yangoiswa mukushanda, mhepo inova ndiyo yega mutyairi wekutenderera kwemablades.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvema turbines emhepo ndezvavo Hupenyu hurefu hunobatsira, inodarika 25 makore. Kunyangwe iyo mari yekuisa uye yekutanga kubuda ingave yakakwirira, iyo yakareba yekushanda nguva inobvumira iyo mari kuti idzorerwe uye kuunza mabhenefiti ehupfumi. Uyezve, sezvo iri simba rakachena, rinobatsira kune kuderedzwa kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo uye kudzikiswa kwekushandiswa kwemafuta efossil.
Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji hakuna kungowedzera hupenyu hunobatsira hwema turbines emhepo, asi zvakare hwakaita kuti huve hunobudirira, huchifambisa kuiswa kwavo munzvimbo dzakanyanya kunaka kuti kuwedzere kubatwa kwesimba remhepo.
Operation
Iyo simba rekushandura maitiro mumhepo turbine inoitwa muzvikamu zvakati wandei, chimwe nechimwe chazvo kiyi pakushandura simba remhepo kuita magetsi:
- Automatic orientation: Iyo turbine yemhepo inozvitungamira pachayo kuti ishandise zvakanyanya simba remhepo. Izvi zvinogoneka nekuda kweiyo data yakanyorwa neanemometer, iyo inobvumira nacelle kutenderera munzira kwayo.
- Kutenderera kweblade: Kana mhepo inosvika pakumhanya inosvika 3,5 m/s, inotanga kutenderedza mashizha. Kugonesa kugadzirwa kwesimba, yakanakira mhepo kumhanya i11 m/s. Kana iyi kumhanya ikadarika 25 m/s, mablades anoiswa munzvimbo yemureza kudzivirira kusawirirana kwakanyanya uye kutyora hurongwa.
- Kuwanza: Kutenderera kwe rotor kunotyaira shaft inononoka iyo inowedzera kukurumidza kwayo kubva pa13 rpm kusvika kune 1.500 rpm uchishandisa multiplier.
- Chizvarwa: Simba rinotenderera rinoendeswa kune jenereta, uko rinoshandurwa kuva magetsi.
- Kubuda: Magetsi anogadzirwa anotakurwa kuburikidza neshongwe kuenda kune substation, uko voltage yaro inosimudzwa isati yaiswa mugetsi remagetsi kuti riparadzirwe kunzvimbo dzekushandisa.
- Kuongorora: Iyi nzira inovimbisa kuti turbine yemhepo inoshanda nemazvo. Masisitimu akakosha anotariswa zvachose kubva kune substation uye nzvimbo yekudzora, iyo inobvumira zviitiko zvinogoneka kuti zvionekwe uye kugadziriswa nekukurumidza.
Mhando dzemhepo turbines
Kune mapoka maviri makuru emagetsi emhepo, ayo akaiswa maererano nerotor axis kana simba ravanogona kupa.
Zvinoenderana neiyo rotor axis
Vertical akabatana
Rudzi urwu rwemhepo turbine omni-directional uye haidi kutarisisa masisitimu, izvo zvinoita kuti kugadzika nekugadzirisa kuve nyore. Mukuwedzera, zvikamu zvaro zvakadai sejenareta uye muwedzeredzi zvinoputika nevhu, izvo zvinorerutsa kuvaka kwayo uye kuderedza mari. Zvisinei, kukanganisa kwayo kukuru ndiko Vane zvishoma kushanda zvakanaka pane avo vane horizontal axis uye vanoda ekunze masisitimu kuti atange kutenderera kwemablades.
Horizontal akabatana
Ma turbines emhepo chinjikira akabatana Ndivo vanonyanyozivikanwa uye vanobudirira. Dhizaini yayo inobvumira kumhanya kwepamusoro kutenderera kuti kuitwe uye, nekudaro, inoda kushoma kuwanda kwekuchinja. Uyezve, nokureba, vanokwanisa kushandisa zviri nani simba remhepo panzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Zvinoenderana nesimba rakapihwa
Mukushanda kweiyo simba rinopiwa, maturbine emhepo akakamurwa kuita makirasi matatu:
- Simba rakaderera: Vanopa masimba ekusvika 50 kW uye anoshandiswa mumashandisirwo akadai sekupomba mvura kana magetsi munzvimbo dziri kure.
- Hafu simba: Ivo vari munharaunda ye 150 kW uye anoshandiswa kupa simba kune grid kumaruwa kana kunzvimbo dziri kwadzo.
- Simba guru: Vanopa simba pachiyero chekutengeserana uye kugadzirwa kwavo kunogona kusvika kusvika akawanda gigawatts.
Nhasi, michina ine simba guru ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mumapurazi emhepo kuti ibudise magetsi zvakanaka uye nehupfumi, zvichibatsira mukurwisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Iyo renewable energy sector inoramba ichishanduka, ichitungamirwa nekudiwa kwekudzikisa kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse uye kudzikisira kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Wind turbines, kunyanya, vakaona kufambira mberi kukuru kwetekinoroji, zvichivabvumira kugadzira magetsi akawanda uye kuva nehupenyu hurefu. Neruzivo urwu, iwe unozonzwisisa zviri nani mashandiro anoita maturbine emhepo uye basa rawo rakakosha mune ramangwana resimba rakachena.