simba remugungwa Ndiyo imwe yemhando dzisinganyanyi kushandiswa dzesimba rinowanikwazve munyika nhasi. Zvisinei, makungwa nemakungwa ane simba guru resimba iro, kana rikashandiswa zvakanaka, rinogona kuzadzisa chikamu chikuru chezvinodiwa nemagetsi pasi rose. Iyi fomu yesimba ine akawanda masosi, senge masaisai, masaisai, mafungu egungwa, thermal gradients uye saline gradients. Kunyangwe zvakanakira, kusimukira kwacho kwave kunonoka nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira uye matambudziko akabatana etekinoroji.
Mhando dzesimba remumvura
Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekutora mukana weiyo simba remumvura, imwe neimwe iine matekinoroji ayo nematambudziko. Pano tinotsanangura iwo makuru:
Simba simba
Iyo inozivikanwawo se wave simba, iyi fomu yesimba remugungwa inowanikwa nekutora mukana wekufamba kwemasaisai pamusoro pegungwa. Mafungu anogadzirwa nekuita kwemhepo pamvura, uye sezvo mhepo inogadzirwa nemwaranzi yezuva, tinogona kufunga simba remasaisai serinobva kusimba rezuva.
Mafungu ane huwandu hukuru hwekinetic simba nekuda kwekufamba kwavo oscillatory. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi, kunyanya idzo dzine mhepo dzisingaperi, dzine mukana wakakura wekushandisa rudzi urwu rwesimba. Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzeNorth Atlantic Ocean, simba riri mumafungu rinogona kusvika kusvika 70 MW pakiromita imwe neimwe.
Kune akasiyana matekinoroji ekutora wave simba. Midziyo yakadai se oscillating mvura mbiru, the attenuators kana the zvinoyangarara terminators. Aya maitiro anoshandura mafambiro emafungu kuita simba rinobatsira kuburikidza nematurbines kana hydraulic systems.
Tidal simba
La Simba remvura yegungwa Inogadzirwa nekutora mukana wekukwira nekudonha kwemvura inogadzirwa nemafungu, ayo anokonzerwa nekukweva kwezuva nemwedzi pamakungwa. Chiitiko ichi, chinoitika nenzira inofanotaurwa, chinoita kuti simba remugungwa rive sosi yakavimbika.
Iwo masisitimu makuru anoshandiswa kutora simba remvura ane madhishi ekuvaka kana madhamu munzvimbo dzemahombekombe uko mwero wemvura unochinja zvakanyanya nemafungu. Apo magedhi emvura anozarurwa, mvura inopfuura nomumaturbine, ichigadzira magetsi.
Muenzaniso unozivikanwa wekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi uhu iLa Rance tidal power plant muFrance, ine simba re240 MW.
Simba rinobva mumakungwa
ari Mafungu egungwa Iwo mafambiro emvura zhinji inoitika mumakungwa nekuda kwekuita kwemhepo uye zvimwe zvinhu zve geophysical. Kuti utore mukana wesimba rekinetic yeaya mafungu, ma turbine epasi pemvura akafanana nemhepo turbines anoshandiswa, asi akachinjirwa kunharaunda yemvura.
Dambudziko guru rekuvandudza tekinoroji iyi kusarongeka mukumhanya kwemafungu egungwa, pamwe nekuomerwa kwehunyanzvi nehupfumi hwekuisa nekuchengetedza maturbines pasi pegungwa.
Thermal gradients
La thermal gradient simba Inobva pakutora mukana wekusiyana kwekushisa pakati pemvura yepamusoro, iyo inopisa nemwaranzi yezuva, uye mvura yakadzika, inoramba ichitonhora. Chiitiko ichi chinoitika munzvimbo dzinopisa kana kuti equatorial, uko kutsetseka kwemafuta pakati pepamusoro nepakati pegungwa kwakakosha gore rose.
Kushandura simba iri kuita magetsi, masisitimu anoshanda achitevera thermodynamic cycle (kazhinji Rankine cycle) anoshandiswa. Nekudaro, purofiti yezvirimwa izvi ichiri kushoma nekuda kweiyo yakaoma uye inodhura masisitimu anodiwa pakushanda kwavo.
Saline gradients
La simba re saline gradientskana simba rebhuruu, inowanikwa nekutora mukana wemusiyano wemunyu pakati pemvura yegungwa nemvura yakachena yerwizi. Iri simba rinotorwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nereverse osmosis kana electrodialysis maitiro.
Parizvino, tekinoroji iyi iri muchikamu chekuyedza, iine mapurojekiti ekuyedza akadai seayo eStatkraft kuNorway, iyo yakavhura chirimwa chekutanga cheosmosis pasi rose muOslo Fjord.
Maitiro ekushandisa simba iri
Kushandisa simba remugungwa kunoramba kuri dambudziko, asi kugona kwaro kwakakura. The wave simba Ndiyo yakafambira mberi zvakanyanya maererano nekutsvaga nekusimudzira, nemapurojekiti ekupayona munzvimbo dzakaita seUnited Kingdom nePortugal. Zvisinei, the Simba remvura yegungwa, zvisinei nekukanganisa kwayo kwakawanda, yakashandiswa zvinobudirira munzvimbo dzakadai seLa Rance, kunyangwe isina kudzokororwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekukanganisa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza.
ari Mafungu egungwa, kunyange zvazvo ichivimbisa, inotarisana nechinetso chekufambiswa kwezvikepe mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinofarira zvikuru. Nekudaro, kana tekinoroji ikagadzirwa kuti itumire maturbine munzvimbo dzakadzika zvakaringana, iyi dhizaini inogona kuderedzwa.
Nekune rimwe divi, kushandiswa kwekupisa uye saline gradients kuchiri muchikamu chekuyedza, uye hakuna pundutso parizvino. Kunyangwe izvi zvisingareve kuti matekinoroji aya haana ramangwana, sezvo mari mukutsvaga nekusimudzira inoenderera mberi.
Marine simba rinogona mune ramangwana
Kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwemugungwa kwave kunonoka kupfuura mamwe masosi anogona kuvandudzwa semhepo kana simba rezuva, asi kugona kwavo kunoonekwa. Sekureva kweInternational Energy Agency, panosvika 2050, simba remugungwa rinotarisirwa kupa 10% yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi muEurope, izvo zvinoratidza tariro.
Kuvandudzwa kwemichina mitsva, pamwe chete nekuwedzera kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika, kuri kufambisa zvirongwa zvakawanda pasi rose. Matunhu akadai seScotland, Spain neNorway ari kutungamira munzvimbo iyi, aine mapurojekiti akanangana nemafungu uye simba remvura.
KuLatin America, nyika dzakaita seChile, Brazil neMexico dzakatanga kugadzira mapurojekiti adzo emagetsi emugungwa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kufarira matekinoroji aya kwave kutanga kuenda pasi rose.
Nerutsigiro rwemitemo yehurumende uye mari yakakwana, simba remugungwa rinogona kuve chikamu chakakosha chemusanganiswa wesimba repasi rose mumakumi emakore anotevera. Aya masimba haangogonekizve uye haaperi, asi anewo a yakaderera zvakatipoteredza kukanganisa uye inogona kuunza zviuru zvemabasa muindasitiri yesimba remagetsi.
Sezvo kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji nekudzikiswa kwemitengo kuri kuenderera mberi, simba remugungwa richaita basa rakakosha mukushanduka kuenda kune remangwana resimba rakachena uye rakasimba.