Gadzira yedu pachedu biodiesel nemafuta matsva kana akamboshandiswa Zvinogoneka kunyangwe zvine mamwe matambudziko. Muchikamu chino ini ndichataura newe nezve maitiro ekugadzira biodiesel, kunze kweiyo matambudziko ataurwa, asi chinhu chekutanga kuziva zvatichaita.
Biodiesel ndeye Liquid biofuel inowanikwa kubva kumafuta emiriwo, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mbishi pari zvino ndeye rapeseed, sunflower nesoya beans. Kunyangwe kugadzirwa kwayo nealgae tsika kuri kudzidzwa zvakare, haisati iri nzira yakapararira padanho reindasitiri.
Zvimiro zvebiodiesel zvakafanana neaya emotokari diesel mafuta maererano ne density uye cetane nhamba. Nekudaro, ine yakakwira flash point pane dhiziri, iyo inovandudza kuchengetedzeka kwayo mukuchengetedza nekufambisa.
La American Society Yekuyedza uye Chinyorwa Standard (ASTM) inotsanangura biodiesel se:
"Monoalkyl esters ye-long-chain fatty acids inotorwa kubva kumafuta anodzokororwa akadai semafuta emiriwo kana mafuta emhuka, uye anoshandiswa mukumanikidza injini yekudzima."
Mukati meiyo biodiesel zvikamu, esters anonyanya kushandiswa ndeye methanol uye ethanol (yakawanikwa kubva kune transesterification yemhando ipi neipi yemafuta emiriwo kana mafuta emhuka). Aya ndiwo makomisheni akakosha ayo, pamusoro pekugoneka, ane hunhu hwakanaka hwekusanganisa nemafuta emiriwo maererano nekugadzikana uye mutengo.
Kushandiswa kwemabiofuel akadai sebiodiesel kunopa zvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nemafuta emafuta, kunyanya nekuti aya mabiofuels anoenderana nekuwanikwa kwekurima. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti urambe uchifunga kuti misika yezvekurima inokanganisa sei kugadzirwa kwako.
Muchiitiko ichi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kukura kweiyo biodiesel indasitiri Izvo hazvibvi zvakanyanya pakuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvemuno, asi kuti pane kudiwa kwakakwana.
Kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwema biofuel aya kunogona kutsigira kusikwa kwemabasa muchikamu chepuraimari, kugadzwa kwehuwandu mumaruwa uye kuderedzwa kwemhedzisiro yegwenga kuburikidza nekudyara zvirimwa zvesimba. Kutenderera kwakanaka uku kunobvumira kugadzirwa kwebiodiesel kubatsirawo zvekurima neindasitiri, zvichigadzira kuwirirana pakati pezvikamu.
Zvakanakira uye kuipa kwebiodiesel
Mabhenefiti makuru ebiodiesel pamusoro pedhiziri anobva kune ayo renewable nature. Kusiyana nemafuta emafuta, ayo ari pasi pekuderera uye kukonzera matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza, biofuels inogona kugadzirwa nekusingaperi chero bedzi yakakwana kabhoni sequestration ichichengetwa. Pamusoro pekuve sarudzo yakachena, biodiesel inobvumira kushandiswazve kwemarara, seyakashandiswa kubika mafuta.
Saizvozvo, biodiesel inogona kuve a kuderedza chinhu mukutsamira kwesimba kubva kunyika idzo, seSpain, dzinounza zvinodarika makumi masere muzana emafuta emafuta avanoshandisa. Nekugadzira biodiesel muno, kudiwa kwemafuta ekufambisa kunze kwenyika kunodzikiswa, zvichiita kuti pave nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakutengeserana kwenyika.
Chimwe chinhu chakanaka ndechekuti biodiesel zvakanyanya kuderedza CO2 kubuda panguva yekupisa, zvichibatsira mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. CO2 emissions panguva yehupenyu hwayo inogona kusarerekera, sezvo zvidyarwa kwazvinotorwa zvinotora kabhoni panguva yekukura kwavo.
Kunze kwekuva biodegradable, iyi isarudzo isina muchetura pane mamwe mafuta, ayo anoderedza njodzi yekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye anorerutsa mabatiro ayo kana pakaitika kurasika netsaona.
Kunyangwe zvakanakira, rimwe rematambudziko makuru ebiodiesel nderekuti haisati yave nemakwikwi zvichienzaniswa nefossil diesel nekuda kwemitengo yekugadzira. Panyaya iyi, mitengo yezvigadzirwa zvekurima uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro ekunatsa zvinhu zvakakosha zvinodzikamisa kugona kwebiodiesel kukwikwidza zvakaenzana nedhiziri yakajairika.
Nezve tekinoroji zvivakwa, inofanirwawo kuverengerwa iyo biodiesel ine yakaderera kudziyisa kukosha kune yakajairika dhiziri, iyo inomiririra kushoma kurasikirwa kwesimba mumainjini anoishandisa. Kurasikirwa uku hakuna kukosha, asi kunodzikamisa kutorwa kwayo mune mamwe masekete.
Tinogona sei kugadzira yedu biodiesel
Tora biodiesel yedu kumba zvine ngozi zvikuru nekuda kwemakemikari anoshandiswa, akadai semethanol kana caustic soda. Nokudaro, ini handikurudziri kuzviita pasina kutevedzera matanho ose ekuchengetedza uye pasina iyo inobvumirwa nemutemo, kubvira Hazvisi pamutemo kugadzira biodiesel muSpain.
Kunyangwe iwo maitiro ekutanga ari nyore, transesterification inosanganisira kubata kwezvinhu zvine muchetura uye zvinoparadza. Uyezve, kutevedzera mirau yazvino, unofanirwa kunge uine zvivakwa zvakaringana kuti uve nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwakachengeteka.
Iyo nzira
Kemikari, biodiesel inowanikwa kubva kumafuta emiriwo anobva, mukati matinowana triglycerides. Aya makomisheni anoumbwa neatatu fatty acid mamorekuru akabatanidzwa kune glycerin molecule.
Iyo transesterification process inosanganisira kupatsanura aya fatty acids kubva kuglycerin nekuvabatsira kusunga kune methanol kana ethanol molecule vachishandisa catalyst, kazhinji sodium hydroxide (NaOH) kana potassium hydroxide (KOH).
Zvinodikanwa zvigadzirwa
Chekutanga chezvigadzirwa zvatichazoda kugadzira biodiesel doro. Unogona kusarudza methanol (iyo inoumba methyl esters) kana ethanol (iyo inoumba ethyl esters). Zvisinei, pano matambudziko ekutanga anooneka.
Kana ukafunga kugadzira biodiesel nemethanol, unofanirwa kugara uchifunga kuti inowanzobva kugasi chaiyo uye haigone kuwanikwa kumba. Kune rumwe rutivi, ethanol inobva kune zvakasikwa, zvakadai semiti, saka inogona kugadzirwa mune imwe nzvimbo yemunharaunda, kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwayo kwakanyanya kuoma nekuda kwekudiwa kwekuchena kukuru uye kutonga pamusoro pekuita.
Methanol uye ethanol, zvisinei kuti ndeipi yakasarudzwa, ndeye makemikari ane chepfu iyo inofanira kubatwa nokungwarira kwakakwana. Kwete chete vane ngozi kana vakapinzwa, asi kusangana neganda kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya.
Zvishandiso nemidziyo inodiwa
- Lita imwe yemafuta yemiriwo (itsva kana kushandiswa)
- 200 ml methanol pa99% kuchena
- Catalyst: potassium hydroxide (KOH) kana sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Iyo yekare kana yakachipa blender
- Precision chiyero (ine resolution ye 0,1 g kana zvirinani)
- Kuyeresa makapu (yemafuta uye methanol)
- Zvidzitiro zvepurasitiki (HDPE), makemikari anopikisa
- Mabhodhoro epurasitiki (PET) ekugadzirisa uye kuwacha
- Thermometer yekuyera tembiricha panguva yekuita
Midziyo yese inofanirwa kucheneswa uye kuchengetwa yakaoma isati yatanga chirongwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti midziyo yese inoshandiswa ichengete ese ayo anodzivirira makemikari maitiro.
Kuchengetedza, kwakakosha
Kuchengetedzeka kwakakosha kana uchibata methanol, ethanol, uye maindasitiri anokonzeresa senge caustic soda. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuva nengozi zvakanyanya pasina kungwarira kwakakodzera. Kuti uve nechokwadi chenzvimbo yakachengeteka, unofanirwa kunge uine chaiyo midziyo iri paruoko.
- Magirovhosi akasimba, akareba zvakakwana kudzivirira maoko
- Magirazi ekudzivirira uye masks akakosha kudzivirira kufema kwehutsi hune chepfu
- Kusvika panzvimbo inofefetera ine mvura inoyerera iripo
- Rambidza kuwana vana nemhuka dzinovaraidza
Iwe unogona here kugadzira biodiesel mune chero imba?
Pasinei nenhevedzano senge "Iyo iri kuuya", uko kwakajairwa kuseka kwekugadzira biodiesel nekuzunza bhodhoro, kuwana kumba biodiesel hakusi nyore kana kwakachengeteka. Kugadzira iyi biofuel inogona kuva basa rine njodzi kana mirairo yakakodzera ikasateedzerwa, uye sezvatakambotaura, muSpain hazvisi pamutemo kuzviita kumba.
Kunyange zvazvo maitiro akazara angaita seakareruka kwauri kana anoratidzwa muchidimbu, kune zvikamu zvakawanda zvakaoma zvakadai semafuta emafuta, kupatsanurwa kweglycerin uye biodiesel deacidification inoda midziyo yepamusoro uye ruzivo rwepamusoro-soro mumakemikari kuti ave nechokwadi chehutano hwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.
Homemade biodiesel muSpain
Parizvino kuSpain hazvisi pamutemo kugadzira biodiesel yekumba, mutemo unodzikisira mikana yebiofuel iyi kuve yakakurumbira pakati pevagadziri vadiki. Kunyangwe dzimwe nyika dzichibvumira kugadzirwa kwakaderera pasi pemamwe mamiriro, nyika yeSpain inorambidza kugadzirwa kwayo nekuda kwenjodzi inosanganisirwa nemaitiro uye zvingangoitika zvehupfumi.
Nekudaro, dzimwe nyika dzakaita seUnited States dzakatanga kusimudzira kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvebiodiesel zvekushandisa zvidiki, semapindu kana mapurazi. Kunyangwe makiti aya achirerutsa maitiro, njodzi dzinowanikwa dzichiripo uye kuchenjerera kwakanyanya kunodiwa.
Chikonzero chikuru chiri kumashure kwezvirambidzo chingangove chakabatana kune ese ari maviri process chengetedzo uye iyo Zvehupfumi zvakabatana nekutengeswa kwemafuta efossil. Padanho rehurumende, kugadzirwa kumba kwebiodiesel kunomiririra kutyisidzira kugaro kwemakambani makuru emafuta, izvo zvinogona kutsanangura kuti sei kugadzira kwayo kunoramba kusiri pamutemo.
Chero zvazvingava, ramangwana rebiodiesel rinogona kushanduka sezvo hurumende dzichiwana nzira itsva dzekugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwezvidiki, asi ikozvino inoramba iri nzvimbo yakarambidzwa mukati meSpain.
Kunyange nyaya dzemutemo nedziviriro dzichidzivirira sarudzo yekugadzira biodiesel pamba munyika dzakawanda, iyi biofuel inoramba iri imwe nzira inovimbisa yekudzikisa kuburitswa kwekabhoni uye kuenda kune remangwana resimba rakasimba.