Kuti tizive nguva dzegore, tinozvimisira pa mwaka, ayo ari kutenderera kwemamiriro ekunze kweanenge mwedzi mitatu imwe neimwe, inoratidzwa nekugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze munzvimbo yakapihwa. Mwaka ndeiyi: chirimo, chirimo, matsutso nechando. Kutevedzana kwayo kunobva pakurerekera kweaxis yePasi maringe nendege yemupoterera wayo, zvichiita kuti matunhu akasiyana awane chiedza chezuva chakasiyana mukati megore.
Ichi chiitiko hachingokanganisa tembiricha uye kureba kwezuva, asiwo kusimba uye kurerekera kwechiedza chezuva chinorova pamusoro. Misiyano iyi ine simba rakananga pamaruva, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri kure kubva kuequator, uko mwaka unonyanya kucherechedzwa. Nzvimbo dzakadzikama uye dzakasvibirira, dzakaita seEurope neNorth America, dzinoratidza kushanduka kwemwaka, kunoratidzwa mukutenderera kwezvinomera.
Kufema kwePasi
Mwaka haungopesvedzeri mamiriro ekunze chete, asi zvakare unokanganisa zvakananga kutenderera kwezvinomera. Chiitiko ichi chinozivikanwa se kufema kwenyika. Sezvo mwaka unochinja, zvinomera zvinopindura nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. The zvinomera zvinomera, semiti yemiouki kana chestnut, inorasikirwa nemashizha muvhuvhu kuti irege kurasikirwa nemvura munguva yechando uye inomera zvakare muchirimo, ichigadzirira maruva uye kubereka.
Kutenderera kwezvinomera kunosanganisira maitiro akakosha, akadai kumera kwembeu, kukura, maruva uye kudonha kwemashizha. Kugara kwematenderedzwa aya kwakabatana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze emwaka. Zvisinei, zviitiko zvakadai kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kutemwa kwemasango kwakanganisa zvakanyanya masimbiro echisikigo aya, kugadzirisa nguva dzekukura uye kukanganisa kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.
Iyi cyclic process yakabvumira masayendisiti kuona rudzi rwe "kufema" kwepasi, kunoonekwa kuburikidza nemifananidzo yesatellite. Mumaanimations aya, unogona kuona kuti zvinomera zvinokura sei, zvichitora carbon dioxide (CO2) muchirimo nechirimo, uye kuti zvinoburitsa kabhoni kana ichipinda mudormancy munguva yematsutso nemuchando.
"Kufema kwepasi" hakusi kungoyevedza kwekuona chete, asi kwakakosha kutenderera kwehupenyu hwemarudzi ese ari panyika. Isu tinovimba nekutenderera uku kuti tiwane zvokudya, okisijeni nezvimwe zviwanikwa zvakakosha.
Kuchinja kwemwaka muzvinomera uye data resatellite
Hapana Bremer yakagadzira zvinokatyamadza zvinoonekwa zve "kufema" kwePasi, zvichibva pane data kubva ku NOAA STAR (Satellite Research uye Applications Center). Vanoshandisa sensor VIIRS (Inooneka Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite), iri pabhodhi satellite SNPP (Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership). Ichi chishandiso chinoyera mutsauko muzvinomera zvepasi rose vhiki nevhiki, ichipa ruzivo rwakadzama rwekuti girinhi inoshanduka sei gore rose.
Kuburikidza nemifananidzo iyi, zvinokwanisika kuona kuti shanduko dzinonyanya kutaurwa sei munzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kwehemisphere, uko misiyano mikuru yemwaka inonyorwa. Nzvimbo dzakaita seNew Zealand, Brazil nekumaodzanyemba kweAfrica dzinoratidza kutenderera kwadzo nekuda kwenzvimbo yadzo kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere, uko mwaka unoitika zvakapesana.
Greenness: shanduko yakakosha mukudzidza kwemwaka kutenderera
Chiratidzo chikuru chekuyera shanduko idzi dzemwaka ndeye Greenness, or the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (IVDN). Iyi indekisi inoyera huwandu hwezvinomera huripo munharaunda uye inoshandiswa kuona kutanga kwemwaka wekukura, pamwe nesenescence kana kupera kwehupenyu hwezvirimwa pakupera kwematsutso.
Iyo IVDN zvakare chishandiso chakakosha chezvidzidzo zvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, sezvo kudzikiswa kana kuwedzera kwegirinhi kunogona kuratidza shanduko huru mumatanho ekukura kwezvirimwa nekuda kwekuwedzera tembiricha yepasirese. Munzvimbo dzisina miti, dzakadai serenje kana makomo, indekisi inogonawo kupa ruzivo rwakakodzera nezvemamiriro enzvimbo.
Matambudziko esainzi ari kuita hupenyu hwekufema kwePasi
Kuvandudzwa kweanimation inoratidza kufema kwePasi, zvichibva pakufamba kwezvinomera, kwakamiririra dambudziko rakakura. The Animation inotenderera 50.000 cycles, zvinoenderana nevhiki 52 dzegore. Kuburikidza nealgorithms yepamberi, inomiririra chaiyo yekuti zvinomera zvinotora sei uye kuburitsa CO2 yakagadzirwa panguva yega yega yevhiki kutenderera.
Kuoma kwehunyanzvi hwekuita uku kwaisanganisira kuedza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzemapopayi kusvika kumiririrwa kwakanakisa kwaitwa. Kutevedzana kwacho kunoratidza kuti masango nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine zvinomera “zvinofema,” zvichitora carbon dioxide yakawanda muchirimo nechirimo kuti ibudise mumwedzi yechando.
Sekutaura kunoita vagadziri veiyo animation, zvinokwanisika kuona zvakatonyanya uye zvine hunyoro shanduro kuti utende kuti maitirwo acho anokura sei nekunyatsogadziriswa kwechinguvana.
Nyika uye kabhoni yayo "kufema"
Pfungwa ye kabhoni kufema ZvePasi zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti kutenderera kwezvinomera kunopesvedzera sei pasi rose kabhoni. Munguva yekutenderera, zvinomera zvinotora kabhoni kuburikidza nephotosynthesis uye inoisunungura panguva yekuora kana painopiswa. Iyi sisitimu yekugara ichichinjana kabhoni pakati pemhepo, ivhu nemakungwa yakakosha pakuenzanisa kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose.
El gungwa Inobatawo basa rakakosha mukuita uku, sezvo ichitora huwandu hukuru hwekabhoni, yakawanda kupfuura inochengetwa mumhepo yePasi uye biosphere. Muchokwadi, gungwa rinotora kabhoni yakawanda kupfuura nyika ecosystem. Zvisinei, zvinomera zvinoramba zviri chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzakadzikama, apo dzinotora CO2 yakawanda munguva yechirimo nezhizha, ichiisunungura munguva yechando.
Kutsinhana uku kunotarisisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, zvichiita kuti zvidzidzo zvekufema kabhoni zvive chidimbu chakakosha mukuedza kwepasirese kudzikamisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Mhedzisiro yeKushanduka kweMamiriro ekunze pamwaka weMagetsi
El kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze yatanga kuvhiringa aya mapatani ekutenderera. Tembiricha yepamusoro yepasirese iri kuita kuti kutenderera kwezvinomera kufambire mberi, zvichigadzirisa nguva yekumera uye senescence. Mwaka yekukura yakawedzerawo mumatunhu akati wandei, ayo, kunyangwe angangoita seanobatsira pakurima, anogona kuve nenjodzi mukufamba kwenguva, achiparadza chiyero chechisikigo chezvipenyu.
Somuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzinopisa dzepasi, dziri kuchinja zvikuru. Masango emvura eAmazon, ayo anoita semakabhoni makuru anonyura, ari kurasikirwa nekugona kubata CO2 nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemasango uye kusanaya kwemvura nguva zhinji. Kana simba iri rikaramba richirasika, kutenderera kwekabhoni kuchakanganiswa zvakanyanya, kuwedzera huwandu hwe CO2 mumhepo uye nekukurumidza kudziya kwepasirese.
Kukosha kwekuferefeta kutenderera kwemwaka wezvinomera hakungori mukunzwisisa kuti zvisikwa zvinopindura sei kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, asi mumabatiro atinogona kudzikisira mhedzisiro yazvo kuburikidza nekuchengetedza akakosha ecosystems akadai samasango anonaya mvura, matunhu anonaya mvura uye, pakupedzisira, Crucially, makungwa.
Imwe neimwe yemaitiro aya, kubva paphotosynthesis kusvika pakufema kwePasi, inoratidza kubatana kwakaoma kunoita kuti mamiriro ekunze edu nehupenyu hwepasi zvive pakati. Sezvo isu takatarisana nematambudziko ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kunzwisisa nekudzivirira matenderedzwa aya kunowedzera kukosha kupfuura nakare kose.