Muzviitiko zvese zvevanhu, mvura yetsvina inogadzirwa iyo inofanirwa kucheneswa. VeWWTPs, kana kuti Wastewater Treatment Plants, vane basa rekuchenesa mvura iyi, kubva mumaguta, maindasitiri nemabasa ekurima. Kurapa uku kwakakosha kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, sezvo kubuda kwemvura yakasviba isina kucheneswa kunogona kuburitsa zvinhu zvine muchetura zvinokuvadza zvipenyu, zvinosvibisa zvitubu zvemvura uye kukonzera njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza. Kucheneswa kwemvura kwakakwana ndicho chinhu chikuru pakuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemvura uye kuvimbisa kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
Nhasi tichaongorora zvakadzama kuti chii chinonatsa mvura, mashandiro avanoita, nzira dzakasiyana dzekurapa dzavanoita uye zvakanakira zvavanopa.
Chii chinonzi purifiers uye chinoshanda sei?
A Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) inzvimbo yeindasitiri ine chinangwa chekuchenesa mvura yakasviba (marara) kubvisa zvinosvibisa zvirimo. Mvura yetsvina inobva kwakasiyana-siyana: mumaguta, maindasitiri nekurima. Nzira yekuchenesa inobvumira mvura yakacheneswa kuti idzoserwe kunzira dzechisikigo dzakadai senzizi, nyanza kana madziva, zvakachengeteka, pasina kukanganisa nharaunda. Mishonga yekurapa inoitawo basa guru mukushandiswazve kwemvura mukurima kana kuti maindasitiri, nokudaro zvichibatsira mukuchengetedza chiwanikwa chinodiwa zvikuru.
Kushanda kwezviteshi izvi kunobva pakukamura kurapwa muzvikamu zvakawanda. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekucheneswa kunodiwa, mvura inogona kubva pakurapa kwekutanga kuenda kukurapa kwepamusoro, kunozivikanwa seyepamusoro, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa zvakare mune mamwe maitiro evanhu.
Isu tichaongorora zvakadzama zvikamu zvekugadziriswa kwemvura yetsvina muWWTP.
Nzira dzekuchenesa mvura mumiti yekuchenesa
Kuti mvura yetsvina idzoserwe kunzvimbo yechisikigo, zvinodikanwa kuiisa kune dzakatevedzana marapirwo ane chinangwa chekubvisa tsvina uye zvinosvibisa zviripo. Zvichienderana nemhando yemvura yakasviba, mishonga yekurapa inoshandisa maitiro akasiyana. Zvikamu izvi zvinowanzopatsanurwa sezvinotevera:
- Kufanotungamira: Muchikamu chino, zvinhu zvikuru zvinogona kukanganisa midziyo yechirimwa, yakadai semapazi, plastiki kana matombo, zvinobviswa.
- Kurapa kwekutanga: Inotarisa kubviswa kwezvakarembera zvakamira uye zvinhu zvinoyangarara zvakaita semafuta neoiri. Inogonawo kusanganisira decantation kana sedimentation.
- Sekondari kurapwa: Munhanho iyi, organic tsvina inobviswa kuburikidza nebiological process umo tupukanana tunoodza organic zvinhu.
- Kurapwa kwepamusoro: Maitiro epamberi anotsvaga kubvisa hutachiona, phosphates, nitrate uye zvimwe zvinovaka muviri zvingangove zviripo mumvura yakarapwa.
Zvadaro, tichazoongorora mune imwe neimwe yemishonga iyi.
Kufanotaura
Pretreatment ndiyo nhanho yekutanga inoitwa muchirimwa chekurapa. Basa rayo guru nderokudzivirira zvinhu zvikuru uye zvinorema kubva pakukuvadza midziyo inoshandiswa mumatanho ekupedzisira. Panguva iyi, magireti nemasefa anoteya zvinhu zvakaita semapazi, mapurasitiki nematombo. Uyezve, the sanded, iyo inosanganisira kubviswa kwejecha uye zvimwe zvikamu zvinorema kupfuura mvura. Ukuwo, the degreased Inoita basa rekubvisa maoiri nemafuta anoyangarara pamusoro pachishandiswa zvinoyangarara.
Kurapa kwekutanga
Mushonga wekutanga unotarisana nekuderedza kuwanda kwezvakarembedzwa zvakasimba mumvura. Inoitwa pachishandiswa decanters apo zvikamu zvikurusa zvinowira pasi nekuda kwekuita kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, maitiro anozivikanwa se. sedimentation. Iyi nzira inoshanda pakubvisa kusvika ku40% yezvakamiswa zvakasimba. Nzira inopindirana ndeye kuyangarara, iyo inobvumira kubviswa kwezvinhu zvakareruka zvakadai semafuta nemafuta, izvo zvisati zvambobviswa mukugadzirisa. Ichi chikamu chinogonawo kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemakemikari kugadzirisa pH yemvura, maitiro anozivikanwa se neutralization.
Kurapwa kwechipiri
Kurapwa kwechipiri kunonyanya kushandisa zvipenyu zvipenyu kubvisa organic zvinhu zvakasara mumvura. Ma Microorganisms anoita basa rakakosha padanho iri, sezvo aanoora organic zvinhu mumvura, biomass uye magasi. Iyi nzira inogona kuitwa pasi pemamiriro eokisijeni (aerobic maitiro) kana pasina oxygen (anaerobic maitiro).
- Maitiro eAerobic: Nekubaya mhepo, hutachiona hweaerobic huri mumvura hunoodza organic, huchibvisa nitrogenous makomisheni uye zvimwe zvinokonzeresa zvinokuvadza zvakaita seeutrophication.
- Anaerobic maitiro: Pasina kuvepo kweokisijeni, mabhakitiriya eanaerobic anoora organic zvinhu zvinogadzira methane, mvura uye carbon dioxide.
Imwe nzira yakakurumbira mukati mekurapa kwechipiri ndeye activated sludge, uko tupukanana tunoyerera twunhu, tuchibudisa tsvina inofanira kubviswa gare gare. Vanosimbisa zvakare mibhedha yemabhakitiriya uye kushandiswa kwe green filters, umo zvinomera zvakakosha zvinotora zvokudya kubva mumvura.
Kurapwa kwepamusoro
Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kunyangwe kurapwa kwakanaka kunodiwa mvura isati yashandiswa zvakare kana kuiswa mumiviri yemvura. Kurapa kwepamusoro kunotsvaga kubvisa pathogenic agents, zvinovaka muviri zvakaita senitrate uye phosphates, uye mamwe ma micropollutants. Matanho epamusoro anosanganisira kushandiswa kwemwaranzi yeultraviolet, kusefa kwepamusoro, kuchinjanisa ion, uye kuuraya utachiona uchishandisa chlorine kana ozone. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, inoshandiswa Inverse osmosis, nzira inobvumira kubviswa kwemunyu wakanyungudutswa mumvura.
Sludge kurapwa
Chinhu chisingadzivisiki chekugadzirwa kwemvura yetsvina kugadzirwa kwedhaka, chigadzirwa chinogadzirwa kunyanya panguva yekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa nemazvo kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Pane nzira dzakati wandei dzekurapa tsvina iyi, sekuti anaerobic fermentation mu digesters, iyo inoburitsa methane inogona kushandiswa sebiogas, kana kupera mvura mumuviri uchishandisa macentrifuge anotendera kuti ishandiswe sefotereza.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi, zvidyarwa zvekuchenesa mvura yetsvina zviri kuita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza nharaunda uye hutano hweveruzhinji kuburikidza nekuchenesa mvura uye kushandisazve tsvina.