Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwemabhatiri kuri kuita kushoma, iyo kusvibiswa kwebhatiri Inoramba iri nyaya inoshungurudza. Mabhatiri ane simbi inorema uye zvinhu zvine chepfu zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakakomba kunharaunda uye hutano hwevanhu kana zvikasabatwa nemazvo. Semuenzaniso, bhatiri remercury rinogona kusvibisa marita anosvika 600.000 XNUMX emvura yekunwa, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro yakaipa. Nyaya iyi yaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vabvunze kuti: Mabhatiri anosvibisa zvakadii?
Muchinyorwa chino, tichadonhedza huwandu hwemabhatiri anosvibisa uye zvatingaite kudzivirira dambudziko iri repasi rose rezvakatipoteredza.
Battery kusvibiswa mamiriro
Mabhatiri ane zvinhu zvine ngozi zvakaita semercury, lead, lithium uye cadmium. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvinhu izvi zvine muchetura uye bioaccumulative, zvichireva kuti zvinoungana mucheni yechikafu uye zvinokuvadza vanhu uye zvisikwa. Mabhatiri ane alkaline 40 chete anogona kusvibisa marita mamiriyoni 6,5 emvura, yakaenzana nekukura kwedziva rokutuhwina reOlympic.
Mercury inonyanya kukuvadza. Inokwanisa kukonzera zvirwere zvakakomba zvakadai sekenza uye neurological disorders. Pamusoro pezvo, kana ichinge yanyuza mukati menharaunda, inogona kuungana mumatishu ehove, ichikanganisa cheni yechikafu. Mercury haidzikisi, inoramba iri mumhoteredzo uye inokanganisa zvese zviri zviviri zvemvura uye zvepanyika kwenguva yakareba.
Nekune rimwe divi, lead, iyo iripowo mune mamwe mabhatiri, isimbi ineurotoxic iyo inogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakakomba kune sisitimu yetsinga, itsvo uye yekubereka muvanhu nemhuka. Kana yangoburitswa mumhepo, inogona kufambiswa nemhepo uye kunamatira kune guruva, inosvibisa ivhu uye pasi pevhu.
Lithium imwe simbi yatinogona kuwana mumabhatiri, kunyanya anochajiswa. Lithium ine neurotoxic uye ine chepfu kuitsvo. Kana lithium particles inofemerwa kana kumwiwa, inogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba ehutano, kusanganisira pulmonary edema, myocardial depression, uye muzviitiko zvakanyanya, kufa.
Chekupedzisira, isu tine cadmium, simbi yecarcinogenic inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kwemapapu kana ikafemerwa uye kukuvara kweitsvo kana ikapinzwa. Mabhatiri mazhinji ane cadmium anoraswa zvisizvo, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukusvibiswa kwevhu nemvura.
Impact pamvura uye ecosystem
Kukanganisa kwemabhatiri pazvipenyu zvemumvura kunotyisa. Sezvatataura, bhatiri remercury rimwechete rinogona kusvibisa kusvika 600.000 litita emvura, iyo yakaenzana nemvura iyo munhu aizoshandisa muupenyu hwake hwose. Alkaline mabhatiri, kunyangwe asina muchetura kupfuura mercury mabhatiri, anogona zvakare kukonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba, kusvibisa inosvika 167.000 malita emvura.
Kana mabhatiri akaraswa mumarara kana marara emumba, zvinhu zvine chepfu zvaari nazvo zvakaita semutobvu, cadmium kana nickel, zvinoburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma kana zvasangana nemvura inonaya. Kuita uku kunokonzeresa kudonhedza kwesimbi inorema muvhu uye, pakupedzisira, mumadziva, ichisvibisa zvitubu zvemvura yekunwa zvinopa vanhu vese.
Pamusoro pezvo, hove nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura zvinogona kutora simbi inorema inoburitswa kubva mumabhatiri akaraswa mumitumbi yemvura. Apo vanhu vanodya hove dzine utachiona nesimbi idzi, zvinetso zvoutano zvinogona kuva nengwavaira. Mercury, semuenzaniso, inozivikanwa kuve ine simba neurotoxin iyo inogona kukanganisa uropi uye tsinga system, kunyanya muvana uye kukura kwe "fetus".
Iyo inotungamira iripo mumabhatiri zvakare inosvetukira mumvura nyore. Kana yangova mugadziriro yemvura yepasi, inogona kuva yakaoma zvikuru kubvisa, uye mutobvu unogona kuramba uri mumhoteredzo kwamazana amakore. Kunyangwe pakuwanda kwakaderera, mutobvu une chepfu kuvanhu nemhuka, uye wakabatanidzwa nekuremara pakudzidza, kuremara pakuzvarwa, uye kusagadzikana kwekukura kwevana.
Mabhatiri anosvibisa zvakadii?
Midziyo mizhinji yatinoshandisa mazuva ese, senge MP3 player, makamera neremote control, zvinoenderana nemabhatiri kuti ashande. Nekudaro, kana mabhatiri akaraswa zvisiri izvo, anogadzira huwandu hukuru hwekusvibiswa munzvimbo. Murwi mudiki ungaite seusingakuvadzi, asi kuunganidza kwawo kunoparadza.
Kuti ndikupe iwe pfungwa yakajeka yehukuru hwedambudziko, pano tinokuratidza tafura ine mazinga ekusvibiswa emhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri:
- Mercury bhatiri: 600.000 litita emvura.
- Alkaline bhatiri: 167.000 litita emvura.
- Silver oxide stack: 14.000 litita emvura.
- Common bhatiri: 3.000 litita emvura.
Chikonzero chiri shure kwehuwandu hwekusvibiswa kwepamusoro ndiko kupera zvishoma nezvishoma kwezvinhu zvinoumba mabhatiri. Kuve mumafirita kana ekupisa, mabhatiri anoburitsa simbi dzinorema mukati mezvakatipoteredza uye, sezvo pasina maitiro echisikigo ekusvibisa zvinhu izvi, zvinosvibisa zvinoramba zvichishanda muecosystem kwemazana kana zviuru zvemakore.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kunze kwestack kunogona kutora kusvika 100 makore kuti iparare zvachose, panguva iyo kemikari yayo inoburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma mumhoteredzo.
Mhinduro dzekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwebhatiri
Mhinduro yekusvibiswa kwebhatiri inotsamira kwete chete kune vatengi uye nzira yavanorasa nayo, asiwo kune vanogadzira, avo vanofanirwa kutora mamwe matanho anoenderana nenharaunda. Pazasi, tinosimbisa dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzikisa kukanganiswa kwemabhatiri pane zvakatipoteredza.
- Kurudzirai kudzokorodza kwakakodzera: Usambofa wakarasa mabhatiri mumarara enguva dzose. Gara uchitsvaga nzvimbo dzekuunganidza dzemabhatiri akashandiswa, sezvo paine masisitimu akasarudzika anokwanisa kubata nesimbi uye tsvina ine ngozi.
- Shandisa mabhatiri anogona kuchajwazve: Mabhatiri anochajwa anogona kutsiva mabhatiri anosvika mazana matatu anoraswa. Pamusoro pezvo, vane hupenyu hurefu uye vanoburitsa tsvina shoma munguva refu, zvichiita kuti ive imwe nzira ine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza.
- Tenga zvigadzirwa zvisingade mabhatiri: Kana zvichiita, sarudza midziyo inoshanda yakabatana nemagetsi kana kuti inofambiswa nemagetsi ezuva.
- Usapisa kana kukanda mabhatiri mumvura: Kukanda mabhatiri mumitumbi yemvura ndeimwe yemaitiro ane njodzi, sezvo simbi dzinorema dzinokurumidza kunyungudika mumvura, dzichisvibisa zviwanikwa uye zvinogona kukanganisa chikafu chese chekudya.
Rimwe danho rinokosha ringava rekuzivisa vanhu nezvekushanda kwemabhatiri emanyepo. Rudzi urwu rwebhatiri harungove nehupenyu hupfupi, asi zvikamu zvaro hazvipfuure kudzora kwakakwana kwehutano, izvo zvinowedzera njodzi dzekusvibiswa. Kudzivisa kutenga mabhatiri emanyepo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuitwa nevatengi kuchengetedza nharaunda.
Kudzora uye kudzokororwa kwemabhatiri pasi rese
Hurumende dziri kumativi akasiyana-siyana enyika dzakatodzika mitemo yekudzora kushandiswa uye kuraswa kwemabhatiri. Semuyenzaniso, muEuropean Union mune chirevo chebhatiri chinoda kuti vagadziri vabhadhare zvirongwa zvekudzokorodza uye kuona kuti mabhatiri anobatwa zvisina njodzi pakupera kwehupenyu hwavo hunoshanda.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzakadai seUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzeLatin America, mitemo yakafanana yakasimudzirwa. Somuenzaniso, muParaguay, Mutemo No. 5.882/17 unotaura nezve yakazara bhatiri manejimendi, kutyora mabasa kubva kuvagadziri kusvika kumanisiparati kuti vaone kuraswa kwakakodzera.
MuSpain, inofungidzirwa kuti inenge 37% yemabhatiri ese anopedzwa anodzokororwa. Kunyange zvazvo nhamba iyoyo ichiita seinokurudzira, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti chinangwa chinofanira kunge chiri chekusvika 75%. Mukuwedzera, zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvinowanikwa mumabhatiri zvinogona kushandiswa zvakare mushure mekugadzirisa zvakare, izvo zvinoderedza kudiwa kwekuchera zviwanikwa zvitsva uye kuderedza huwandu hwesimba rinoshandiswa mukugadzira mabhatiri matsva.
Chinhu chakakosha kudzidzisa veruzhinji nezvekukosha kwekuenda kunzvimbo dzekuunganidza dzinozivikanwa se kwakachena mapoinzi. Nzvimbo idzi dzakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza nekugadzirisa tsvina ine ngozi, kudzivirira mabhatiri kuti asazopedzisira asvibisa nharaunda.
Kudzokorodza mabhatiri hakungobatsiri kudzikisira kuburitswa kwesimbi inorema mukati menzvimbo, asi zvakare kunobvumira zvinhu zvakakosha kuti zvidzorerwe. Simbi dzakadai sezingi, nickel kana lithium inogona kudzoserwa uye kushandiswazve muzvigadzirwa zvitsva, kusimudzira hupfumi hwakatenderedza uye hwakasimba.
Shanduko yakanangana nekutonga kwebhatiri inoshanda yatove kuenderera mberi munyika dzakati wandei, asi zvakawanda zvichiri kuda kuitwa kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemabhiriyoni emabhatiri anoraswa gore rega rega.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti urambe uchikurudzira kudzokorodza uye kutora matanho akawanda sezvinobvira kuderedza kushandiswa kwemabhatiri anoraswa. Neiyi nzira, tinogona kudzikisa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedza ecosystems nenzira inoshanda. Mabhatiri anochajwazve, kudzokorodza kwakaringana, uye kudzikisira mashandisirwo emidziyo inofambiswa nebhatiri zvimwe zvezvishandiso zvakakosha zvekuwana ramangwana rakagadzikana renharaunda yedu.