Lithium mabhatiri mabhatiri emagetsi anotakurika anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa, kubva panharembozha kuenda kumotokari dzemagetsi. Kuzivikanwa kwavo kunokonzerwa nekuwanda kwesimba ravo, izvo zvinoreva kuti vanogona kuchengetedza huwandu hwesimba zvichienzaniswa nehukuru hwavo uye huremu. Asi mumwe wemibvunzo inodzokororwa ndeyekuti,Mabhatiri e lithium anogona kushandiswazve here? Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kana mabhatiri e-lithium ari kushandiswazve, kuti anogona sei kushandiswazve, mari yavo, maitiro azvino uye kufambira mberi mune ramangwana mukusimba.
Kushanda kwe lithium bhatiri
Lithium mabhatiri anoshanda nekuda kwechimiro chavo chemukati. Iwo ane sero rimwe kana anopfuura, rimwe nerimwe rinoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: an anode (negative electrode), cathode (positive electrode), uye electrolyte. Iyo anode inowanzogadzirwa ne graphite, iyo cathode ye lithium cobalt oxide, uye electrolyte inogadzirisa inobvumira kuyerera kwe lithium ions pakati pe electrode. Kana bhatiri ichichajwa, lithium ions inofamba kubva pacathode ichienda kune anode kuburikidza ne electrolyte, inofambiswa nekemikari reaction. Panguva yekubuda, maion anodzokera kune cathode, achigadzira magetsi emagetsi anopa masimba emagetsi kana magetsi emagetsi.
Kugona kwebhatiri relithium kunoyerwa mumilliampere-maawa (mAh)., iyo inosarudza kuti inogona kuchengeta simba rakawanda sei. A cargo management system yakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka uye kurebesa hupenyu hwesevhisi.
Chii chinoitika kana lithium mabhatiri asvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwavo hunobatsira?
Kana mabhatiri e-lithium asvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwavo hunobatsira, kutonga kwakakodzera kwakakosha. Kana isina kuraswa nemazvo, makemikoro emakemikari nemasimbi anorema anogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza. Lithium mabhatiri ane, pakati pezvimwe, lithium, cobalt uye nickel, zvinhu zvose zvinokosha zvinogona kubudiswa uye kushandiswa zvakare. Zvisinei, chikamu chiduku chete muzana chemabhatiri aya ari kushandiswa patsva.
Hupfumi hwakatenderera inokurudzira kubatanidza zvinhu izvi mumabhatiri matsva, kudzivirira kudiwa kwekubvisa mamwe mabhatiri. Mukuwedzera, kudiwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium kunoramba kuchikura, kunyanya nekuda kwekukwira kwemotokari dzemagetsi, izvo zvinowedzera kudiwa kwekuvandudza kushandiswazve.
Lithium bhatiri recycling process
Pane nzira dzakati wandei dzekudzokorodza mabhatiri e-lithium, uye maviri anonyanya kufarirwa maitiro ndeemuviri nemakemikari kudzokorodza. Pazasi, isu tinotsanangura aya maitiro:
1. Maitiro emuviri: Murudzi urwu rwekudzokorodza, mabhatiri anopwanyika uye zvikamu zvakasiyana, sesimbi nepurasitiki, zvinopatsanurwa uchishandisa flotation uye magineti yekuparadzanisa maitiro. Izvi zvinobvumira zvinhu zvakaita semhangura, aluminium nesimbi kuti zvidzorerwe, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa zvakare nyore.
2. Maitiro emakemikari: Masimbi aripo mumabhatiri, akadai se lithium, cobalt uye nickel, anodzoserwa kuburikidza nemakemikari maitiro anosanganisira leaching uye kunaya. Aya maitiro anoita kuti zvikwanise kudzoreredza zvakakosha zvekugadzira mabhatiri matsva. Kunyange zvazvo nzira iyi ichinyanya kudhura, inoshanda zvakanyanya mukudzorera simbi dzinokosha.
Mari uye hupfumi hwekugadzirisa zvakare
Rimwe rematambudziko makuru nelithium bhatiri kudzokorodza nderekuti maitiro parizvino haasi kuita pundutso mune zvese zviitiko. Kudzoreredzwa kwezvinhu zvakaita secobalt kunoyevedza nekuda kwemutengo wayo wemusika, asi mamwe simbi dzakawanda selithium nealuminium hazvirevereri mutengo wekudzokorodza. Sezvo mamwe mabhatiri anopedza kutenderera kwehupenyu hwavo, kudzokorodza kunowedzera hupfumi sezvo huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvinogona kudzoserwa pachiyero cheindasitiri huchawedzera.
Kukosha kwemutemo mukutonga kwe lithium mabhatiri
Mitemo inoita basa rakakosha mukudzokorodza mabhatiri e lithium. IEuropean Union, semuenzaniso, yakatoita iyo Royal Chirevo 106/2008, izvo zvinomanikidza vanogadzira mabhatiri kuve nebasa rekudzokorora chikamu chakaenzana nezvavanoisa pamusika. Inogadzawo zvinangwa zvekugadzirisa zvinhu, zvakadai se50% lithium recovery by 2027. Rudzi urwu rwemitemo runosimudzira mutoro mukuru mukugadzirisa tsvina uye inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwemaitiro matsva ekugadzirisa zvakare.
Tekinoroji nyowani uye ramangwana re lithium bhatiri recycling
Direct recycling, inozivikanwa se "direct recycling", inyanzvi iri kubuda iyo inovimbisa kuwedzera kushandiswa patsva, kudzivisa kudiwa kwekushandura zvinhu kuita "black mass" uye wozozvinatsa zvakare. Iyi nzira ine chinangwa chekudzikisa zvakanyanya marara uye mutengo wesimba rekudzokorora. Pamusoro pezvo, tsvakiridzo iri kuitwa tekinoroji yakavakirwa pabiometallurgy, iyo inogona kubvumira kushandiswa kwebhakitiriya kudzoreredza simbi dziripo mumabhatiri e-lithium mune imwe nzira yezvakatipoteredza.
Hupenyu hwechipiri hwemabhatiri e lithium
Mushonga unopindirana pakudzokorodza zvakare kushandiswa kwemabhatiri muhupenyu hwechipiri. Mabhatiri asingachakodzeri kushandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi anogona kushandiswazve munzvimbo dzekuchengetedza simba, senge mune photovoltaic zvinomera kana zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza imba. Kushandisazve uku kunowedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri uye kunoderedza kukonzeresa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza, risati razoshandiswazve. Unyanzvi hunoshanda hwekugadzirisa huwandu huri kukura hwemabhatiri achakurumidza kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwavo hunobatsira hunosanganisira kubatanidza zvese zvekudzokorora uye hupenyu hwechipiri hwemabhatiri.
Izvi zvichawedzera kugona kwekushandisa zviwanikwa uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Ndinovimba kuti ikozvino une chiono chakajeka nezve lithium bhatiri recycling maitiro uye matanho ari kuitwa kuti awedzere kushanda uye ecological. Ramangwana rekudzokorodza bhatiri rinotsamira pakuvandudza nguva dzose uye kuzvipira kwevatambi vese vanobatanidzwa mukugovera uye kushandisa cheni. Kudzokorodza uye kushandiswazve kwemabhatiri aya hakusi kudiwa kwehupfumi chete, asiwo mutoro usingadzivisiki wezvakatipoteredza.