Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwefodya: maitiro azvinoita zvakatipoteredza

El kusvuta Haisi kungokanganisa hutano hwevanhu chete, asi ine mhedzisiro inoparadza pane nzvimbo. Kunyange zvazvo chikamu ichi chisingazivikanwi, migumisiro yefodya pazvakatipoteredza yakawanda uye inotangira pakutema masango kusvika pakusvibiswa nemarara ane muchetura, zvichikonzera matambudziko epasi rose akadai se. kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze and the kusvibiswa kwemhepo nemvura.

Kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye greenhouse gasi kubuda

Fodya inobatsira zvikuru mukusvibiswa kwemhepo. Maererano ne World Hutano Sangano (WHO), utsi hwefodya hune makemikari anopfuura 7,000 XNUMX, kusanganisira chepfu yakaita secarbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides uye methane, magasi ose anowedzera greenhouse effect. Mukuwedzera, mudzanga wega wega unogadzira kusvika ku14 gramu yeCO₂, iyo yakaenzana nekuwanda kwehutsi panguva yekugadzirwa kwayo uye chikamu chekushandisa.

Chinhu chidiki chinokurukurwa ndechekuti kugadzira fodya kunoburitsa kumativi 84 miriyoni metric matani eCO₂ pagore, izvo zvakaenzana nekuburitswa kwemaroketi 280,000 anopinzwa muchadenga. Izvi zvinoisa indasitiri yefodya pakati peavo vari kunyanya kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemuchadenga, kubatsira ku kupisa kwepasi pose uye kudzikisira hunhu hwemhepo, mukati nekunze.

Kutemwa kwemasango uye kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana

Kurimwa kwefodya kunomirira ngozi huru kumasango enyika. Gore negore, zvingangoita 200,000 mahekita evhu kurima fodya, zvichikonzera kutemwa kwemasango kukuru. Izvi zvine simba rakananga pakurasikirwa kwe dzakasiyana-siyana, sezvo zvipenyu zvesango zvinopera kana kuti zvinoparadzwa zvachose. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muti mumwe pafodya mazana matatu yakagadzirwa.

Kutemwa kwemasango kune chekuita zvakare nekugadzirisa fodya. Kuti uome mashizha, zvakakosha kupisa huni dzakawanda, izvo zvinowedzera kuwedzera kutsakatika kwemiti. Gore negore vanoshandisa 11,4 mamiriyoni ematani ehuni chete kurapa mashizha efodya pasi rose. Izvi zvinobatsira kukukurwa kwevhu uye renje mune mamwe matunhu epasi, kunyanya ari kukanganisa nyika dzichiri kusimukira.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvirimwa zvefodya zvinoita kuti ivhu rive murombo, sezvo richida fetereza yakawanda nemishonga yezvipembenene. Makemikoro aya, kunze kwekudzivirira ivhu kuti risaore zvakare kune zvimwe zvirimwa, anosvibisawo matsime emvura yepasi uye zvipenyu zviri pedyo zvemumvura.

Kukanganisa kwemarara efodya

Imwe yemarara akajairika uye ane ngozi kune zvakatipoteredza zvigubhu zvefodya. Pasi rose, kumativi mabhiriyoni 4,5 efodya yefodya gore rega rega, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakanyanya kuunganidzwa tsvina mumaguta nemahombekombe ekuchenesa mabasa. Nekuda kwekuumbwa kwayo, iyo inosanganisira mafirita cellulose acetate, matako aya anogona kutora kusvika 10-25 makore kudzikisira zvachose.

Uyezve, imwe neimwe yefodya inogona kusvibisa kusvika 50 litita emvura nezvinhu zvine chepfu zvakaita sechikakananda netara, zvinokanganisa miviri yemvura yakachena nenyanza. Migumisiro yekusvibiswa iyi inoparadza kune zvipenyu zvemvura, sezvo inogona kukonzera kufa kwehove nemamwe marudzi ezvipenyu zvegungwa.

Yakawanda yemarara aya inopera mumakungwa nemahombekombe, ayo asingangokuvadzi zvakatipoteredza, asi ane hutsinye mutengo wehupfumi. Maererano neWHO, China inopedza kutenderera 2,600 mamiriyoni emadhora pagore kuchenesa tsvina yefodya, nepo India inoshandisa inenge 766 miriyoni pagore.

Moto wemasango unokonzerwa nefodya yefodya

Imwe yemigumisiro inotyisa zvikuru yekushandiswa kwefodya ibasa radzo mukupisa masango. Midzanga isingadzimwi zvakanaka inokonzera kuwanda kwemoto unoparadza nzvimbo huru dzesango. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti 3,25% yemoto wemasango Zvinokonzerwa nefodya inoraswa zvisina hanya.

Mumakore 20 apfuura, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinopfuura 40,000 mahekita emasango nekuda kwemoto unokonzerwa nefodya, unokanganisa zvakanyanya maruva nemhuka dzeko. Kuparadzwa kunokonzerwa nemoto uyu hakungokanganisa zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, asiwo kunobudisa huwandu hwakawanda hwe CO₂ mumhepo yakapoteredza pasi, zvichiwedzera kubatsira mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

Kunyanya kushandiswa kwemvura

Kurimwa kwefodya zvakare mutengi mukuru wemvura. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti, pamudzanga mumwe nomumwe, avhareji ye 3,7 litita emvura. Izvi zvinoturikira kuti 263,813 miriyoni marita emvura inoshandiswa muBrazil chete pakugadzira fodya pagore. Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, uko mvura yatove kushomeka, kudiwa kwezviwanikwa uku hakuna kumira zvakanaka, zvichikanganisa kukwanisa kwenzvimbo idzi kugadzira chikafu uye kugadzira mvura yekunwa.

Kukanganisa kwefodya pamatsime emvura kwakanangawo, sezvo painorimwa munzvimbo dziri pedyo nenzizi nemadziva, mishonga yezvipembenene nefetireza inoshandiswa kuirima inosvibisa matsime emvura, izvo zvinokanganisa mhuka dzesango nemhuka raramo yavo.

Fodya haisi ngozi kuhutano hwevanhu chete, asiwo kune hutano hwepasi redu. Kubva pakusvibiswa kwemhepo kubva pautsi hwefodya kusvika pakusvibiswa kwemakungwa nevhu kubva pazvigubhu zvefodya zvakaraswa zvisina kufanira. Kana tichida kubatsira mukuvandudza mhoteredzo uye kuderedza migumisiro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, chimwe chezvisarudzo zvakanakisisa zvatinogona kuita ndechokuderedza kana kubvisa kunwa fodya, zvose nokuda kwehutano hwedu uye hwepasi rose.