Mhedzisiro yekuraswa kwemarara: kusvibiswa kwemhepo, ivhu nemvura

Magadzirirwo emarara ari kuramba ari nyaya yakamirira mumaguta mazhinji pasi rose, kunyanya mune ane vanhu vakawanda nekuda kwe hombe vhoriyamu yemarara inounzwa nevagari vayo. Kushaikwa kwekutonga kwemarara kwakonzera kuraswa kwemarara kuva dambudziko rakakomba rezvakatipoteredza.

Mhando dzetsvina

Marara akaiswa mumapoka makuru matatu, rimwe nerimwe riine zvirevo zvakasiyana kune zvakatipoteredza:

• Organic: inosanganisira tsvina yezvipenyu yakaita sematehwe emichero nemuriwo, masara echikafu, mapepa nemachira echisikigo akaita sesilika kana donje. Are biodegradable tsvina uye zvinoora zvoga, uye zvinogona kutoshandiswa zvakare secompost kana fetireza.
• Inorganic: inoumbwa nemaminerari uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira sesimbi, girazi uye plastiki. Izvi ndizvo non-biodegradable tsvina, uye kunyange zvazvo mazhinji acho (akadai segirazi kana simbi) anogona kushandiswazve, kuderera kwawo zvishoma nezvishoma kunoita kuti ive dambudziko rinogara kwenguva refu rezvakatipoteredza. Pakati pezvinokuvadza zvakanyanya zvemagetsi marara.
• Sanitary: tsvina inosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvekurapa, senge gauze, mabhandeji, sanitary pads uye manapukeni anoraswa. Izvi zvinonyanya kunetsa nekuda kwekukurumidza kuunganidza kwavo mumarara uye kugona kwavo kuderera kwekudzokorora.

organic tsvina Inogona kudzokororwa kuti igadzire fetiraiza yezvirimwa, nepo marara mazhinji ari kudzokororwa (asi pasina matambudziko). tsvina yehutsanana Icho, zvisinei, chimwe chezvinonyanya kunetseka kune vezvezvakatipoteredza, sezvo inowanzobatanidza zvinhu zvinoonekwa sezvinonyanya kukuvadza.

Nezvirongwa zveveruzhinji zvakakodzera uye ruzivo rwakakura rwevagari nezve kukosha kwekuronga nemazvo nekugadzirisa marara, chikamu chedambudziko rezvakatipoteredza chinogona kugadziriswa. Nekudaro, ichi chichiri chinhambwe kubva pakuve chokwadi mumatunhu mazhinji.

Kurapa kwe tsvina inogona kushandiswazve inoburitsa mabhenefiti akakosha, sekuderedzwa kwemarara akaomarara anozopedzisira ave mumarara kana kugadzirwa kwecompost kubva mumarara.

Kurasa marara kwakasimba kunosvibisa mweya, ivhu nemvura

Imwe yematambudziko makuru anogadzirwa nemhando dzese dzemarara ndeyekuendeswa kune ivhu, uko kusingasaruri musanganiswa weiyo organic, inorganic uye sanitary tsvina inokonzera zvakakomba mhepo, ivhu nemvura. Mumarara, marara anoora, achigadzira magasi anosvibisa, nepo mapurasitiki nemamwe marara anogona kugara kwemazana emakore asina kuora.

Kuraswa kwemarara zvisina tsarukano kunokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwenzvimbo nhatu dzakakosha dzezvakatipoteredza:

• Mhepo: Kuora kwemarara kunogadzira magasi ane muchetura anosvibisa mweya, zvichikanganisa hupenyu hwenzvimbo dziri pedyo nekurasira marara.
• Ini ndinowanzo: Marara, kunyanya mapurasitiki nezvinhu zvisina organic, zvinokanganisa kuorera kwevhu zvakananga, zvichikanganisa kugona kutsigira hupenyu hwezvirimwa.
• Mvura: Kunaya kwemvura kunogona kukweva zvinhu zvinosvibisa kubva mumarara kuenda kumvura iri padyo, zvichikanganisa zvese zviri pasi pevhu nepamusoro pezvitubu, pamwe nekuchinja kuenzana kwezvipenyu zvemumvura.

Kuvapo kwemarara epurasitiki mumakungwa nenzizi idambudziko rinonyanya kuoneka, richigadzira zvitsuwa zvakakura zvepurasitiki inoyangarara mumvura senge yakakurumbira "chitsuwa chepurasitiki" muPacific, icho chinofukidza 1.4 miriyoni mativi emakiromita.

Kusvibiswa kwemweya kubva pakuraswa kwemarara

Pakati pemagasi anobudiswa mumhepo panguva yekuparara kwemarara ehupenyu, inonyanya kukosha ndeye Methane (CH4), the Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and the Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Aya magasi anokuvadza zvakanyanya zvakatipoteredza. CO2, semuenzaniso, inokwanisa kugara mumhepo kweanopfuura makore 500, zvichibatsira zvakanyanya kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.

Methane ndiyo imwe yezvinonyanya kupa kune greenhouse effect uye zvakare ine simba rakakura kudarika CO2 munguva pfupi. Aya magasi anosunga kupisa mumhepo, achiwedzera kudziya kwepasi uye kuchinja mamiriro ekunze. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro yesainzi, kana kugadzirwa kwemagasi egreenhouse kukasaderedzwa zvakanyanya, tembiricha yepasi rose inogona kuwedzera pakati pe1,5ºC ne5,5ºC mumakumi emakore anotevera.

Pamusoro pemhedzisiro yemagreenhouse magasi, tsvina inoraswa inoburitsawo zvidimbu zvakamiswa zvinokanganisa kunaka kwemhepo munzvimbo dzakatenderedza. Izvi zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakomba kuhutano hwevanhu, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvekufema uye zvemoyo, kunyanya muhuwandu hwevanhu vari pedyo neanoshanda kana zvisiri pamutemo marara.

Kusvibiswa kwemvura nekuda kwekusagadziriswa kwemarara

Mvura ndechimwe chezviwanikwa zvinonyanya kukanganiswa nekusagadziriswa kwemarara. Kusvibiswa kwemvura kunoitika kwete chete nekurasirwa kwemarara zvakananga munzizi nemakungwa, asiwo nekusefa kwezvinhu zvine chepfu kubva mumarara kuburikidza nevhu. Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira heavy metal, leachates uye mamwe macommunication anosandura kunaka kwemvura.

Chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekusvibiswa kwemvura kuunganidzwa kwemarara uye inorganic tsvina inoora, ichiburitsa. leachates iyo inopinda muvhu. Magetsi aya anotakura muchetura nezvimwe zvinokuvadza kumadziva emvura epasi pevhu, zvichisvibisa matsime anowanzova manyuko emvura yekunwa kumaguta akawanda. Kana mvura ine utachiona ichipinda mumiviri mikuru yemvura, senge nzizi kana madziva, kukanganisa kwacho kunogona kukanganisa zvese zvipenyu zvemumvura uye kunharaunda dzevanhu dzinotsamira pamvura idzodzo pakunwa, kudiridza kana kuredza.

Makemikari anotorwa kubva mupurasitiki, fetiraiza uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa maindasitiri uye kunyangwe zvekurima, senge ammonia uye methane, zvinokanganisa maitiro ehupenyu mukati memvura, zvichikonzera kufa kwemarudzi emvura uye kushandura cheni dzechikafu chekudya.

Kukuvadzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana ndeimwe yemigumisiro huru yekusvibiswa uku. Mhuka dzakawanda uye mhando dzemiti dzinogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya, dzichimhanyisa njodzi yekutsakatika muzviitiko zvakawanda.

Nechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kuti titange nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzikisa huwandu hwemarara anosvika kunzvimbo dzedu dzemvura uye kuvimbisa kutonga kwayo kwakaringana kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwezvipenyu zvedu zvemumvura uye, nekudaro, kugara kwevanhu.

Kugadziriswa kwetsvina yemvura kwakaringana, pamwe chete nemaitiro ekuchengetedza marara, zvinogona kuderedza matambudziko aya zvakanyanya. Zvakadaro, mhinduro inonyanya kushanda inoramba iri kudzivirira kusvibiswa nekudzikisa tsvina nekushandisa nzira dzekudzokorodza nekushandisa zvakare.

Dambudziko remarara riri pasi rose uye kukanganisa kwayo hakugumiri kumhepo, mvura kana kusvibiswa kwevhu. Migumisiro yacho inosanganisira kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuparara kwenzvimbo dzakasikwa. Kunyangwe kudzokorodza uye kugadzira manyowa kwave nani, mhinduro chete yenguva refu iri mukuderedza kugadzirwa kwemarara.