Iyo tundra yakaonekwa seyakakosha gomba kabhoni, ichiita sedhishi rinochengeta kabhoni yakawanda muvhu rayo rakaoma nechando. Zvisinei, migumisiro ye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze Vari kushandura zvakanyanya basa iri. Kuwedzera kuri kuita tembiricha kuri kukonzera kuburitswa kwekabhoni iyi muchimiro che carbon dioxide (CO2) y methane mumhepo, zvichiwedzera kudziya kwepasi.
Tundra ecosystems, iri munzvimbo dzeArctic dzakadai seGreenland, Siberia neAlaska, dzinonyanya kufunga nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Kweanopfuura makore gumi, vaongorori pachiteshi cheZackenberg kuchamhembe kweGreenland vanga vachiongorora bhajeti rekabhoni northern hemisphere tundra, zvichiratidza kuti zvipenyu zvinogara mumatunhu aya zviri kushandura sei basa razvo kubva pakuchengeta kabhoni kuenda kuzvinobudisa mambure.
Muchidzidzo chechangobva kuitika, chakabudiswa mu Chinyorwa cheGeophysical Research, zvinova pachena kuti kubudisa carbon dioxide nezvipenyu zviri kuwedzera sezvo tembiricha inokwira. Saizvozvowo, nzira ye photosynthesis, kiyi yekutora CO2, inobatwawo zvisina kunaka. Kune tembiricha dzakakomba, senge 7ºC, iyo yakambopfuura, kuchengetedza kabhoni mune idzi ecosystems kunopera.
Mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pane tundra carbon cycle
Iyo kabhoni kutenderera mu tundra inokanganiswa zvakananga nekupisa. Sezvo mamiriro ekunze anodziya, chikamu chepamusoro chepermafrost chinonyunguduka, izvo zvoita kuti utachiona huwore. organic zvinhu yakambooma nechando. Iyi nzira inoguma nekusunungurwa kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwe CO2 uye methane, magasi e<em>greenhouse anowedzera kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze.
Zvidzidzo zvakasiyana siyana, senge inotungamirwa ne NASA muArctic, ratidza kuti tundra iri kushanduka ichienda kune maitiro akafanana neayo boreal masango, ecosystems inowanikwa munzvimbo dzepasi latitude. Chiitiko ichi chinosanganisira kutama kwemhando dzezvirimwa semakwenzi nemiti midiki kuenda kuchamhembe, izvo zvinokanganisawo kutenderera kwekabhoni.
Satellite yekutarisa, uchishandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro senge ICESat-2 y landat, vakaita kuti zvikwanisike kunyora shanduko idzi mukutenderera kwekabhoni uye mafambiro ezvinomera akananga kuArctic. Nezvinomera zvakawanda zvemakwenzi, iyo tundra inogona kutora imwe CO2, asi kunyunguduka kwepermafrost kunoramba kuri kutyisidzira, sezvo kubuda kwekabhoni yekare kunobvisa chero kumwe kutorwa nezvinomera.
Early defrosting nemigumisiro yaro
Imwe yematambudziko makuru anotarisana ne tundra ndeye kutanga defrosting zvinoenderana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Boka revatsvakurudzi rakaratidza kuti kufambira mberi kwechirimo, kunoitika nekuda kwekunyorova kwechando, kunoshandura hupenyu hwezvinomera mu tundra. Shanduko iyi inogona kuderedza kugona kwe tundra kuita sea carbon sink.
Iyo yakajairika tundra cycle inovimbisa kuti zvirimwa, sezvazvinoora, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoburitsa kabhoni mumwaka wechando wakareba, zvichibvumira ivhu kuichengeta. Nekudaro, kunyorova kwekutanga kunogadzira kusaenzana mukutenderera uku, zvichifambisa kuburitswa kwe CO2 zvirimwa zvisati zvatora huwandu hwakakosha kuburikidza nephotosynthesis. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeye mupiro weti mukuwedzera kwemagasi egreenhouse.
Kudziya kweArctic uye tundra retreat
Pakati pezvinonyanya kushamisa mhedzisiro yekudziya kweArctic ndeye tundra retreat. Maererano nekutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano, kana matanho ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze asina kushandiswa zvakasimba, inofungidzirwa kuti pakati pemireniyumu iyi, 6% chete yezvino tundra icharamba iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweRussia. Iyi nzira inokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwemiti yemiti yakadai se Siberian larch, iyo inoenda kuchamhembe pamwero wemakiromita makumi matatu pamakore gumi, ichibvisa zvinomera zve tundra.
Shanduko iyi haingove nemhedzisiro pamaruva nemhuka dzeArctic chete, asi zvakare inokanganisa iyo yatove isina simba kugona kwe tundra kuchengetedza kabhoni, ichimhanyisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pasi rese. Tembiricha inodziya inobvumira kuparara kukuru kweorganic matter, iyo inozoburitsa kabhoni yakawanda kubva mupermafrost.
Iyo tundra senge carbon sink iri munjodzi
Nhoroondo, tundra yave ichionekwa sea carbon sink inoshanda zvakanaka nekuda kwekudziya kwakaderera kunodzikamisa kuparara kweorganic matter. Zvisinei, migumisiro yekudziya kwepasi iri kukonzera kuti basa rekunyura iri rikanganiswe. Sezvo permafrost inonyunguduka, yakawanda kabhoni yakachengetwa kwemazana emakore inotanga kusunungurwa, iyo inogona kushandura tundra kuti ive net source ye carbon pane kunyura.
Zvidzidzo zveSainzi zvinoenderera mberi nekukakavadzana kuti idzi Arctic ecosystems dzichakwanisa here kuenderera mberi nekuita basa radzo sezvo kabhoni inonyura pasi pemamiriro ekunze aripo, asi zviri pachena ndezvekuti kuwedzera tembiricha uye ivhu rakanyungudutswa harifambise zvakanaka kune kabhoni yekuchengetedza simba re tundra. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya aita kuti vesainzi vafonere kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu izvi, vachiita matanho akasimba ekuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvinoramba zvichiratidza kuti iyo tundra, iyo isina kusimba ecosystem, iri mubishi rekushandura iyo inogona kushandura basa rayo rekutanga senge kabhoni sink. Pasina matanho akakwana, kukurumidza kunyungudutswa kwepermafrost kucharamba kuburitsa huwandu hukuru hwemagasi egreenhouse, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera kudziya kwepasi.