Nhasi tichataura nezve mhando yeinjini yakasiyana neyakajairwa kushandiswa mukati memoto injini. Mota dzinowanzo shandisa injini dzinofambiswa ne zvisaririra iyo kushanda kwayo kazhinji haina kunyanya kukwirira. Muchiitiko ichi, tinokupa iwe iyo Stirling injini. Iri mhando yeinjini inopa zvakanyanya kushanda nesimba kupfuura peturu kana dizeli injini uye zvakare ine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza.
Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora zvinhu zvikuru zveinjini yeStirling, kuti inoshanda sei uye kuti ndezvipi zvayo zvakakosha uye zvisingabatsiri. Isu tichaongorora zvakare mune mamwe eanonyanya kushandiswa einjini iyi, ayo anogona kuita basa rakakosha mukushandurwa kwesimba.
Injini inokanganisa
Iyo Stirling injini imhando yekunze kweinjini yekupisa iyo inoshandisa kudzvanywa kunoitwa negasi rinopisa uye rinotonhorera, panzvimbo yekupisa kwemukati umo mafuta anopiswa. Icho chigadzirwa chakatangira muna 1816, apo chakagadzirwa uye chine patented naReverend weScotland. Robert Stirling. Yakagadzirirwa seimwe nzira yakachengeteka kune injini yemhepo yaitonga nguva, iyo Stirling yakapa hunyanzvi uye chengetedzo nekuda kwekuvaka kwayo kuri nyore.
Kunyangwe zvakanetsa kuzvimisikidza mumashandisirwo akakura nekuda kwekushomeka kwehunyanzvi nehupfumi, inoramba yakakosha mune mamwe masekete, kunyanya nekuda kuvhiya kwakanyarara uye kukwanisa kwayo kugadzira simba kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira renewable simba.
Parizvino, kushandiswa kwayo kunotarisa ngarava dzepasi pemvura and the kugadzira magetsi, kunyanya muzvinomera zvezuva, uko Stirling injini dzinotora mukana wekupisa kwezuva kuti ibudise simba zvakanaka. Muzvikamu zvinotevera, tichaongorora zvimwe zvakawanda nezvekushanda kwayo uye mashandisirwo.
Inotyisa injini kushanda
Iyo Stirling injini inotevera thermodynamic cycle inozivikanwa se Stirling cycle, iyo ine zvikamu zvina zvakakosha: kupisa, kuwedzera, kutonhora uye kumanikidza. Kusiyana neinjini dzinopisa mukati, muStirling injini, gasi rinoramba rakavharwa mukati mehurongwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti hapana mhepo inosvibisa, yakadai secarbon dioxide kana magasi ane chepfu, anoburitswa. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo inokwezva kubva pakuona kwe ecological.
Mitemo yekushandisa yakakosha: Iyo Stirling cycle yakavakirwa pamisimboti miviri yakakosha:
- Kumanikidza mukati megasi kunowedzera kana tembiricha yaro ichikwira muvhu rakavharwa.
- Kudzvinyirirwa kwegasi pamwero wenguva dzose kunokwidzawo tembiricha yayo.
Iyi nheyo inoshandiswa kuburikidza nemakamuri maviri, imwe inopisa uye imwe inotonhora, iyo ine gasi rinoshanda (rinogona kuva helium, hydrogen, nitrogen kana kunyange mhepo). Iyo gasi inofamba pakati pemakamuri ese ari maviri, izvo zvinokonzeresa mutsauko mukumanikidza kunotyaira mapiston.
Iyo nzira inotanga nekudziya gasi muhumburumbira inopisa. Kana yapisa, gasi rinowedzera uye rinosundira piston pasi. Gasi rinopisa rinobva raendeswa kukamuri inotonhora, kwarinotonhodza uye simba raro rinodzikira richibvumira kuti ritsindirwe zvakare. Izvi zvinogadzira cyclic kufamba kwepiston uye inoshandura simba rekupisa kuita remagetsi simba rinobatsira kugadzira magetsi kana kufambisa mota.
Stirling injini zvikamu
Iyo Stirling injini inoumbwa nezvikamu zvakati zvakakosha zvinoshanda pamwechete kuita kutenderera kwesimba rekushandura:
- Iyo displacer cylinder: Basa rekufambisa gasi pakati pekupisa uye kutonhora kutarisa.
- Piston simba: Shandura yesimba rinopisa regasi kuita basa remakanika rinogona kushandiswa kufambisa muchina.
- Regenerator: Chiyereso chekupisa chinotora kupisa kubva mugasi kana chiri muchikamu chekutonhodza uye chinochidzosera kana gasi rikapisa zvakare. Izvi zvinobatsira kuvandudza kutenderera kunoshanda.
- Iyo inopisa kana kupisa sosi: Inopa simba rinopisa rinodiwa kupisa gasi.
- Flywheel: Inoshanda seyakagadzikana inochengetedza yunifomu inotenderera kufamba, yakakosha pakuenderera kwekushanda kweinjini.
- Crankshaft: Shandura yemutsara wekufamba kwepiston kuita inotenderera.
Muchikamu chinotevera, tichatsanangura chikamu chimwe nechimwe cheinjini yekushandisa kutenderera kuti tinzwisise kuti zvikamu izvi zvinodyidzana sei kugadzira basa remakanika.
Matanho eiyo Stirling injini kutenderera
Iyo Stirling injini yekushandisa kutenderera ine zvinotevera zvikamu zvina:
- Kuwedzera gasi rinopisa: Kupisa kunoshandiswa kune chikamu chegasi muhumburumbira inopisa, zvichikonzera kuwedzera. Gasi rinopisa rinosundira piston pasi, ichiita basa remakanika.
- Kuendesa kune inotonhora silinda: Iyo gasi inopisa inotamirwa kune inotonhora cylinder, iyo inokurumidza kutonhora.
- Cold gasi compression: Iyo gasi inotonhora inomanikidzwa apo piston inosimuka, ichibvisa kumwe kupisa kwayakawana panguva yekuwedzera.
- Dzokera kune hot cylinder: Iyo gasi yakamanikidzwa inodzokera kune inopisa silinda uko maitiro anodzokororwa.
Zvakanakira iyo Inodzvanya injini
Iyo Stirling injini ine akawanda mabhenefiti pamusoro peinjini dzinopisa dzemukati:
- Kushanda kwakanyarara: Sezvo pasina kupisa kwemukati, iyo Stirling injini inoshanda zvakanyanya chinyararire, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune-inonzwa ruzha zvikumbiro senge submarines kana majenareta emagetsi munzvimbo dzemaguta.
- Kubudirira kwepamusoro: Kugona kwayo kutora mukana weakawanda ekunze kupisa masosi uye dhizaini yayo inoshanda inobvumira kuti iwane kuita padyo neCarnot cycle. Mumaapplication akadai kuwirirana, kushanda uku kunokosha zvikuru.
- Flexibility mumatsime ekupisa: Iyo Stirling injini inogona kumhanya pane dzakasiyana siyana dzekupisa, kubva kumafuta emafuta kusvika kumagetsi akachena akazara senge solar simba.
- Kuderera kwezvakatipoteredza: Iyo iyo gasi yakavharwa zvinoreva kuti haiburitse magasi anosvibisa, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanyanya yezvakatipoteredza.
- Kugadziriswa kwakaderedzwa: Kutenda kune dhizaini yayo yakapusa uye kushomeka kwekuputika kwemukati, iyo Stirling injini inoda kushoma kugadzirisa kana ichienzaniswa neyechinyakare yemukati yekupisa matekinoroji.
- Hupenyu hurefu hunobatsira: Iyo yakasimba dhizaini uye nyore kweiyo system inobvumira Stirling injini kuti ive nehupenyu hwakareba, ichivapa kukosha kukuru mukushandisa kwenguva refu.
- Zvakawanda: Kubva pazvikepe zvepasi pemvura, kusvika kune majenareta emagetsi ezuva, kusvika kuhurongwa hwekubatanidza, iyo Stirling injini ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa, ichiita chishandiso chinobatsira kune akawanda maindasitiri.
Kuipa kweiyo Stirling injini
Pasinei nezvakawanda zvakanakira, iyo Stirling injini zvakare ine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvakadzora kutorwa kwayo kukuru:
- Mari yekutanga yakakwira: Kuvakwa kweinjini yeStirling, ine zvitsinhanisi zvayo zvekupisa uye zvinhu zvakati kuti zvimire kumanikidzika uye tembiricha, inodhura, iyo inomisa kukwikwidza kwayo maererano nemamwe matekinoroji.
- Kushaya mukurumbira: Kunyangwe zvimiro zvayo zvinokatyamadza, kushaikwa kweruzivo rwese nezve Stirling injini yanga iri chipingamupinyi pakutorwa kwayo kwakakura.
- Matambudziko ekusimbisa: Kuchengetedza gasi rekushanda kunogona kuoma, kunyanya mumajini anoshanda pamatambudziko makuru, izvo zvinokanganisa kushanda kwavo uye kusimba.
- Kukura uye uremu: Stirling engines dzinowanzoita bulkier kana ichienzaniswa neinjini dzinopisa dzemukati dzesimba rakafanana nekuda kwekudiwa kwemahombe ekupisa.
- Nguva yekupindura shoma: Kunyangwe ichishanda nesimba rekushandisa nguva dzose, iyo Stirling injini haina kukodzera masisitimu anoda shanduko nekukurumidza musimba, senge mota.
Stirling injini application
Iyo Stirling injini yakawana maapplication munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzakakosha. Pakati pezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvi:
- Kugadzira simba reSolar: Munzvimbo dzine zuva, iyo Stirling injini inogona kushandisa yakanyura simba rezuva kugadzira magetsi nepamusoro pekushanda. Zvidyarwa zvekuyedza zvakaratidza kuti tekinoroji iyi inogona kukwikwidza zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe magetsi anogona kuvandudzwa.
- Submarine propulsion: Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo chinyararire uye kusavapo kwemhepo yekupisa, iyo Stirling injini yakashandiswa mungarava dzepasi pemvura kwenguva refu pasi pemvura.
- Kupomba mvura: Kumaruwa, uko kushaikwa kwemagetsi kunogona kuve dambudziko, iyo Stirling injini yakashandiswa kupomba mvura nekuda kwekugona kwayo kumhanya pabiomass kana zvisaririra zvezvirimwa senzvimbo yekupisa.
- Industrial applications: Iyo Stirling injini iri kuedzwawo mumaindasitiri mashandisirwo seaya emagetsi majenareta muzvirimwa zvemaindasitiri izvo zvinogona kutora mukana wekupisa kwemarara kubva kumaindasitiri maitiro.
- Refrigeration: Nekudzoreredza kutenderera kwe thermodynamic, Stirling injini dzinogona kushandiswa kutonhora kwe cryogenic, inosvika tembiricha yakaderera.
Iyo Stirling injini inomira pachena nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo uye kugona kwakanyanya mumashandisirwo ane hunyanzvi anoda kugara achishanda uye kuderera kuburitsa. Pasinei nekugumira kwayo, itekinoroji ine mukana wakakura wenguva yemberi, kunyanya nezve kudzikisa kabhoni tsoka uye kubatanidza neinovandudzwa magetsi masosi.