Iceland iri kuchera iyo yakadzika kwazvo geothermal zvakanaka papasi mumoyo wegomo rinoputika. Iyi purojekiti inotsvaga kutora mukana wesimba rinodzokororwa rinogara pa kudzika kwemakiromita zviuru zvitatu. Kuchera kunoitwa mu reykjanes peninsula, uko gomo rinoputika risingashande kwemakore 700 ndiro riri musimboti wekushandiswa uku.
Iyo IDDP chirongwa: hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji
El Iceland Deep Drilling Project (IDDP), pamwe nekubatana neStatoil, inotsvaga nzira itsva yekuwedzera kushanda kwegeothermal simba. Iyo peculiarity yetsime iri iri mukubatanidzwa kwe kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya y kupisa kwakanyanya. Vanotungamira chirongwa ichi vanotarisira kuti, kana vasvika 500 degrees Celsius, yavanodaidza kuti "supercritical utsi«, musanganiswa pakati pemvura nemvura iyo inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwesimba rinogadzirwa.
Sekureva kwaÁsgeir Margeirsson, CEO weHS Orka, chinangwa ndechekutora mukana wechiitiko ichi kugadzira kusvika. 50 MW yemagetsi patsime, nokudaro tichiwanza kugadzirwa negumi zvichienzaniswa nemamwe matsime emvura akadzama makiromita 2,5 akadzika, anokwanisa kugadzira 5 MW.
Dambudziko rekuchera munzvimbo dzinoputika
Rimwe rematambudziko anonyanya kukosha epurojekiti iyi kuchera munzvimbo isina kugadzikana yegomo rinoputika. Kuedza kwakapfuura makore matanhatu apfuura kwakarova magma makiromita 2,1 kubva, zvichikonzera kuparadzwa kwekuchera. Aya mamiriro akanyanyisa anoita kuti kuchera pedyo ne magma kuve kwakaoma uye kune njodzi.
Mukutaura kumapepanhau, Ásgeir Margeirsson akasimbisa izvozvo hapana vimbiso yekubudirira nekuda kwekusatarisika kwechimiro chepasi pakadzika iwawo. Pasinei nengozi dzacho, masayendisiti anobatanidzwa anotenda kuti zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa matambudziko.
Simba uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza
Iceland yatova mutungamiriri asingapokane mukushandiswa kwegeothermal simba. Anenge the 26% yemagetsi yenyika inobva kunzvimbo idzi. Muna 2013, iyo yakaiswa simba yakasvika 665 MW, ichigadzira huwandu hwe5.245 GWh yemagetsi. Nekudaro, masayendisiti anotarisira kuti matsime matsva haangogone kuita izvi chete, asi kuderedza kudiwa kwekushandisa mamwe matsime akawanda, nokudaro kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Geothermal exploitation, kunyangwe ichionekwa seimwe nzira inogona kuvandudzwa, haina kusunungurwa kubva mukutsoropodzwa. Semuenzaniso, Greenpeace yakayambira nezve CO2 uye kuburitswa kwesarufa kunoburitswa nemamwe matsime. Nekudaro, nyanzvi muIslandi dzinovimbisa kuti kuburitsa uku kushoma kana zvichienzaniswa nezvisaririra uye matekinoroji ekurapa magasi aya ari kufambira mberi nekukurumidza.
Kudyidzana kwenyika dzese uye ramangwana regeothermal simba
Iceland haisiriyo yoga mukutsvaga kwesimba remugero rinopisa zvikuru. Nyika dzinoda Kenya, Japan e Indonezhiya Vari kuisa mari muhunyanzvi uhu kuti vatore mukana wekupisa kusingapere kwePasi. Panyaya yeIceland, zvinotarisirwa kuti kushandiswa kwemunda weReykjanes kunogona kubatsira mukugovera magetsi kwete kuvagari vayo ve370.000 vagari chete, asi zvakare kutumira kune dzimwe nyika senge. United Kingdom, iyo yaigona kubatanidzwa nayo kuburikidza netambo yepasi pemvura.
Kutaura zvazviri, maererano nainjiniya Albert Albertsson, matsime emazuva ose ari pakati pe30 ne35 aizodiwa kuti awane guta rakaita seReykjavík, nepo. matsime matatu kana mashanu chete anonyanya kukosha angave akakwana kuvhara izvo zvinoda simba.
Kugona kwe supercritical matsime
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvikuru zvepurojekiti iyi kushandiswa kwe supercritical steam. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya, asiri emvura kana gasi, anoumbwa apo mvura nemagma zvinosvika panzvimbo yakaoma mukati meNyika. Chipfunga ichi chinokwanisa kutakura kusvika simba rakapetwa kagumi kupfuura yakajairika geothermal chiutsi, chinogona kushandura geothermal simba rekugadzira kutenderera pasirese.
La kudhumhana kwemagma nemvura yegungwa, nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kukuru uye tembiricha, inogadzira iyi supercritical steam, ine simba rekugadzira simba rinenge risingaperi. Kana chirongwa cheIDDP chikakwanisa kuratidza kuti chiutsi ichi chinogona kushandiswa zvakachengetedzeka, Iceland inogona kuve yekutanga nguva itsva mukushandiswa kwesimba rakachena.
Chii chinotevera kuIceland Geothermal Project?
Mumakore manomwe anotevera, zvirongwa zveIDDP zvinosanganisira chera uye edza matsime akati wandei munzvimbo dzepamusoro. Chinangwa hachisi chekuwedzera simba rekugadzira, asiwo kuderedza kuvimba zvisaririra. Nekufamba kwenguva, indasitiri inotarisira kuti tekinoroji iyi ichaita kuti matsime mashoma acherwe, asi nehukuru hukuru, kuitira kuti kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kuduku.
Aya marudzi ebudiriro haangove akakosha kuIceland chete, asiwo kunharaunda yepasirese. Sekureva kwenyanzvi, tekinoroji iyi inogona kudzokororwa kune dzimwe nyika dzine hunhu hwakafanana hwegeothermal, ikava chidimbu chakakosha mukati meiyo Chibvumirano cheParis yekuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse.
Iceland yakaratidza kakawanda kuti inogona kuve yakasarudzika murabhoritari yezvese geothermal tsvagiridzo uye kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nyowani. Iyi purojekiti inovimbisa kwete chete kushandisa zviwanikwa zvenyika zvine mhirizhonga, asi zvakare kufambisira mberi tsvakiridzo yesainzi mune imwe yenyaya dzinonetsa dzenguva yedu: shanduko kuenda simba rinowedzeredzwa.