La Zvisikwa zviri kutanga kuyerwa nekunyarara kwazvo sezvinoitawo nemanzwi azvo.Pakanga pasina chekutarisisa kare, masayendisiti anofanirawo kuteerera kuti anzwisise zviri kuitika kuhupenyu panyika uye kunzwisisa zviitiko zvekunzwa muzvisikwaPakati pedambudziko remarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kunzwa kwave chishandiso chakakosha, uye shiri, rudzi rwekupisa kwenzwi rehutano hwezvisikwa.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, chirongwa chekutanga chakazvarwa: a bhangi renzwi reshiri repasi rose rakagadzirirwa kuteerera zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepasiKumashure kwechirongwa ichi kune timu huru yepasi rose inotungamirwa kubva kuSpain iyo yakazadzisa zvaiita senyaya dzesainzi kusvika munguva pfupi yapfuura: kuunganidza, kunyora zvinyorwa nemazvo uye kuita kuti zviuru zvemarekodhi enziyo dzeshiri uye kufona zviwanikwe pachena kubva kunenge pasi rese.
Chii chinonzi WABAD World Bird Sound Bank?
Seti yedata rekuti "The World Annotated Bird Acoustic Dataset" (WABAD) ndiro zita rakazara reiyi archive huru yepasi rose yeruzha. Iseti yedata remanzwi rakanyatsotsanangurwa pamusoro peshiri, rakagadzirwa nechinangwa chakajeka: kufambisa kugadzirwa kwemaalgorithms ayo ziva otomatiki mhando dzemhuka nenziyo dzadzo kana kurira kwadzouye shandisa ruzivo irworwo kutarisa kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu pamwero mukuru.
Chirongwa chacho yakarongwa nenyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu dzeSpain Esther Sebastián-González, kubva kuDhipatimendi reEcology paYunivhesiti yeAlicante (UA), uye Cristian Pérez-Granados, kubva kuCentre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), mu Solsona (Lleida). Izvo zvakatanga sepfungwa yeboka diki revanyanzvi rave pasi rese sainzi network ne vaongorori vanopfuura zana vanobva kunyika makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe inobatanidzwa mukuunganidza nekunyora data.
Bhangi iri rehurumende rinounganidza zvinyorwa zvemhando dzeshiri dzinosvika 1.200 kubva kumakondinendi ese mashanuNemamwe mashoko, hatisi kubata nemuunganidzwa wemuno kana chikamu chawo, asi nedura repasi rose rinobatanidza manzwi anobva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana: masango emunzvimbo dzinopisa, nzvimbo dzine mvura dziri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, nzvimbo dzine uswa, makomo eMediterranean, nzvimbo dzekurima kana masango eAsia, pakati pezvimwe zvakawanda.
Pfungwa iri pasi apa iri nyore asi ine simbaKana tikaziva kuti ndedzipi shiri dzinoimba panzvimbo uye panguva ipi, tinogona kuona kuti mamiriro ekunze ari kuchinja sei nekufamba kwenguva. Uye kana tikakwanisa kudzidzisa njere dzekugadzira kuti dzizive nziyo idzodzo otomatiki, saka tinogona kutarisa nzvimbo dzakakura dzepasi pasina vanoda nyanzvi dzeshiri kuti dzigare dzichifamba-famba munzvimbo iyi.
Muchidimbu, WABAD inozviratidza se chivakwa chakakosha chesainzi chekuteerera mamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu hwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kugadzira data rakavimbika uye kutsigira sarudzo mukuchengetedza nekutarisira zvakatipoteredza padanho remunharaunda nepasi rose.
Ruzivo rwepasi rose: mifananidzo uye huwandu hwepurojekiti
Imwe yesimba guru reWABAD ndeye hukuru nekusiyana-siyana kwezviri mukati mayoHazvisi zvekungounganidza marekodhi enzwi chete, asi nezvekuvaka mufananidzo wenzwi wakadzama weshiri dzepasi rose. Data iri parizvino rinosanganisira:
- Maminitsi 5.047 emafaira ekuteerera yakaongororwa uye yakacherechedzwa.
- Ma tagi ekutaura anopfuura 90.000 yeshiri, imwe neimwe yakabatana nerudzi uye nguva chaiyo mukunyora.
- Mhando dzeshiri dzakanyorwa dzinosvika 1.192, dziri pedyo nehuwandu hweinenge 1.200 dzakataurwa mutsananguro huru yepurojekiti.
- Nzvimbo dzekugara dzakasiyana-siyana makumi manomwe nembiri dzakapararira pasi rese, kubva kumasango ane mamiriro ekunze akadzikama kusvika kumasango ane masango emvura anonaya mvura, kusanganisira madhamu, nzvimbo dzakaoma dzeMediterranean kana nzvimbo dzekumaruwa.
Ruzivo urwu runobva ku nyika dzakasiyana-siyanaRondedzero iyi inosanganisira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai seVietnam, Taiwan, New Caledonia, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, China, Cyprus, Ukraine, Costa Rica, Argentina, Burkina Faso, Dominican Republic, New Zealand, Poland, Sweden, Cameroon, Scotland, Canada, United States, Uganda, Germany, France, Greece, Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, Indonesia, uye, zvechokwadi, Spain.
Kana tikaongorora huwandu hweruzivo nemakondinendi, Europe iri pamberi pakurongwa game Maminetsi 1.722 ekurekodhachinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehuwandu hwese. Izvi zvinoteverwa ne Nyika dzeIbero-America dzine maminitsi 939, North America ine 858, Asia ine 831, Africa ine 408 y Oceania nemaminitsi 289Kugoverwa uku kunoratidza, kune rumwe rutivi, kuti basa rave rakanyanya kuoma kusvika pari zvino, uye kune rumwe rutivi, matunhu ane mukana mukuru wekukura muzvikamu zvinotevera zvepurojekiti.
Kukosha kweWABAD hakungori muhuwandu hwemaminitsi akaunganidzwa chete, asiwo mu kunaka uye kururama kwetsanangudzoKurira kwega kwega kwenzwi kunoonekwa nekanguva chaipo apo shiri inoburitsa rwiyo kana kuchema, zvichipa ruzivo rwakadzama. Runyoro urwu rwechipiri runobvumira kugadzirwa kwe maseti ekudzidzisa akanaka kwazvo ekugadzira maalgorithms ehungwaru hwekugadzirakukwanisa kudzidza kusiyanisa marudzi kunyangwe paine ruzha rwakawanda rwunopindirana kana ruzha rwekunze, kusanganisira kusvibiswa kweruzha.
Nekuda kwekusanganiswa uku kwehupamhi hwenzvimbo, kusiyana kwenzvimbo dzekugara, uye tsananguro yakarurama, WABAD iri pakati pe madhatabhesi eshiri akanyatsogadzirwa uye akazara uye akasimba kusvika pari zvino, uye inova musimboti we bioacoustics uye zvakatipoteredza.
Manyorerwo eshiri anounganidzwa uye anonyorwa sei
Kuti ushandise database iyi yepasi rose, hazvina kukwana kuenda kumunda nechinhu chinorekodha neruoko worekodha nziyo dzeshiri shoma. Nzira yacho yakavakirwa pakushandiswa kwe michina yekurekodha otomatiki yakaiswa musango, dzinogara panzvimbo imwe chete kwemavhiki kana mwedzi, dzichibata zvese zvinonzwika zvakadzipoteredza.
Izvi Marekodhi eaudio anosiyiwa akavanzika munzvimbo yakasikwaMa sensor aya anobatanidzwa pamiti, matanda, kana zvimwe zvivako zvakavanda uye anorongwa kuti arekodhe panguva dzakatarwa kana nguva dzose, zvichienderana nechinangwa chekutora sampuli. Nzira iyi inoita kuti pave nenzwi rechokwadi, nerwiyo rweshiri rwakasanganiswa nemanzwi emhepo, zvipembenene, mhuka dzinoyamwisa, uye mabasa evanhu ari kure.
Kana michina yacho yangounganidzwa, chikamu chinonetsa zvikuru chinotanga: teerera, ziva uye cherechedza manzwi ari kutaurwaMapoka enyanzvi anoongorora marekodhi enzwi obva aisa chiratidzo chechipiri chinoimbwa nerudzi rumwe nerumwe, vachiwedzera zita rinoenderana naro. Kazhinji, vanoshandisa ma spectrogram (zviratidziro zveruzha) kuti vawane nekusiyanisa zviri nani nziyo dziri murekodhi dzakasimba.
Basa iri rakanyatsonaka rinopa zviuru zvezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa zvakanyatsonaka panguva chaiyoTsanangudzo yega yega haingoratidzi chete kuti ndeapi marudzi ari kurira, asiwo kuti inoonekwa panguva ipi chaiyo pakurekodha, izvo zvakakosha pakudzidzisa maalgorithms anodzidza kuziva maitiro akaomarara eruzha.
Uyewo, Ruzivo rwacho rwakabatanidzwa neruzivo rwezviri kuitika Kurekodhwa uku kunopawo ruzivo nezvenzvimbo yekugara uye nzvimbo yeruzha, zvichibvumira masayendisiti kubatanidza ruzha rwakanangana nemarudzi akasiyana enzvimbo kana huwandu hwekukanganiswa kwevanhu. Izvi zvinosimbisa zvikuru kushandiswa kweruzha, sezvo zvichibvumira vaongorori kudzidza kuti nharaunda dzeshiri dzinochinja sei zvichienderana nenzvimbo yadzo.
Spain iri pamepu yepasi rose yeruzha: Doñana, El Hondo nezvimwe
Spain ine basa guru muchirongwa ichi, kwete nekuda kwehutungamiriri hwayo hwesainzi chete, asiwo nekuda kwe mhando dzakasiyana dzezvakatipoteredza zvenyika zvinosanganisirwa muWABADMuIberian Peninsula, zvinotevera zvakasarudzwa nzvimbo dzinokosha dzekuchengetedza shiri, izvo zvinopa pfuma yakawanda yenziyo nemarudzi enziyo.
Pakati penzvimbo dzeSpain dziri mudhatabhesi pane Doñana paki yenyika, imwe yenzvimbo dzine mvura dzakanyanya kukosha muEurope, uye Nzvimbo yeEl Hondo muAlicante, imwe nzvimbo inokosha yeshiri dzemumvura neshiri dzinotama. Zvakare zvinoonekwa Solsona (Lleida), nemasango ayo uye kuedza kwayo kugadzwa patsva kwemasango, Zarzalejo (Madrid), nzvimbo dze Navarre, dunhu re Nyika yeMasango eMupaini (Valladolid), Villena y OntÃgola (Toledo), pakati pemamwe mapindu ekumaruwa nemasango.
Panyaya yenzvimbo iyi, data rinoratidza kuti Mhando dzeshiri dzinonyanya kunzwiwa ndidzo dzinonzi common chaffinch neshiri nhema dzinozivikanwa.Shiri mbiri idzi dzakapararira uye dzinozivikanwa nemunhu wese akambofamba mupaki kana musango muSpain. Nziyo dzadzo dzinodzokororwa kakawanda mumarekodhi, zvichiita kuti dzive pakati pemanzwi epamusoro akarekodhwa.
Pamwe chete navo, dzimwe shiri dzinobuda pachena, dzakadai se common nightingale, chibage bunting uye robinizvo zvinounganidzawo zvinyorwa zvakawanda. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti pakati pemarudzi makumi maviri ane manzwi akawanda anoonekwawo Shiri dzekuHawaii dzakadai se'apanane, 'amakihi,' uye 'iwiIzvi zvinoratidza divi repasi rose reprojekiti iyi, umo mhando dzeEurope, America, Asia nePacific dzinogara pamwe chete mudhatabhesi imwe chete.
Basa re Tsvagiridzo yeSpain pamepu iyi yeruzha yepasi inonyanya kukoshaKurongeka kubva kuYunivhesiti yeAlicante neCTFC, pamwe chete nekubatanidzwa kwemapoka akawanda enyika, zvinoisa Spain munzvimbo yakatarwa mukati mekushandiswa kweacoustics, zvichiratidza kuti mapurojekiti epamusoro-soro pasi rose ari kusimudzirwawo kubva pano.
Kubva pakutarisa nemabhainokura kusvika pakuteerera nemaitiro ekushandisa
Kwemakumi emakore, kutarisisa shiri kwagara kuri kwakavakirwa pa kuverengwa kwevanhu nemaziso nekunzwaMapoka enyanzvi dzeshiri dzaifamba munzira dzakagara dziripo, dzichicherechedza mhando dzinoonekwa kana kunzwiwa, uye dzichidzokorora basa iri gore negore. Kunyangwe nzira iyi yakaburitsa ruzivo rwakakosha, ine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda: inotora nguva, inoda vashandi vane hunyanzvi, uye yakaoma kusvika kunzvimbo dzakakura kana nguva refu yekutarisa.
Kusvika kwe Otomatiki bioacoustics inochinja zvinhuPane kuvimba nevanhu vanocherechedza chete, zvino vanogona kushandiswa masensa anogara "achiteerera" zvakatipoteredza uye kutumira data kumacomputer systems. Apa ndipo panopinda WABAD sechinhu chakakosha: inopa zvinhu zvinodiwa nemaalgorithms kuti adzidze kuziva shiri nemanzwi adzo.
Nekuda kwezviuru zvema tags ekutaura, masayendisiti edata anogona kudzidzisa maitiro ehungwaru hwekugadzira Mamodheru aya anokwanisa kusiyanisa manzwi, kuona mhando dzeshiri dziri muruzha, uye kuyedza kuvapo kwadzo nekufamba kwenguva. Hadzingotauri chete kuti "shiri nhema iri kuimba pano," asi dzinotibvumirawo kuyera kuti rudzi irworwo runoonekwa kakawanda sei munzvimbo yakati kana kuti mashandiro arwo anosiyana sei panguva dzakasiyana dzegore.
Mukuita, kusvetuka uku kwetekinoroji kunoreva kuti nharaunda dzezvakatipoteredza dzinogona kutariswa kakawanda, nemazvo uye nekuchengetedza mariSeti yemasensa akapararira mupaki yechisikigo anogona kugadzira rudzi rwe "real-time sound x-ray", zvichiratidza kuti ndeapi marudzi aripo, ari kudzikira, anongoerekana aonekwa kana kudzoka mushure mekugadziriswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Uyezve, nzira iyi yakavakirwa paalgorithm ine imwe mukana wakakosha: Zvinoderedza kudiwa kwekugara uripo kwevanhu mumundaSezvinotsanangurwa naEsther Sebastián-González pachake, masisitimu ega ega anodzivisa munhu kupedza maawa nemaawa ari mumunda achiverenga shiri, sezvo nzira iyi ichiratidza mhando dzeshiri uye zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuziva kuti ngani dzakasiyana dzinoonekwa munzvimbo nenguva yakatarwa.
Shiri sezviratidzo zvehupenyu: zvatinoudzwa nenziyo dzadzo
Shiri dzave dzichionekwa kwenguva refu zviratidzo zvakanaka zvehupenyu hwemamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredzaKuvapo kwavo, kuwanda kwavo, kana kunyangarika kwavo kunogona kuratidza shanduko muchimiro chenzvimbo dzekugara, mhando yemhepo, kuwanikwa kwechikafu, kusvibiswa kweruzha, uye kunyange mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kuteerera nziyo dzavo, neimwe nzira, kwakaita sekuti Teerera hutano hwezvakatipoteredzaKana ruzha rwacho rwuchiwedzerwa nekusiyana-siyana kwemarudzi uye mhando dzakasiyana dzekurira, kazhinji chiratidzo chemamiriro ekunze anoshanda uye akachengetedzwa zvakanaka. Kusiyana neizvi, kana nharaunda ikava isina simba uye zvinyorwa zvikaderedzwa kusvika kune mhando shoma dzinozivikanwa kana kuti idzo dzinoshivirira zvakanyanya kukanganiswa, pane chimwe chinhu chinowanzova chisina kunaka.
The mukana we Enzanisa manzwi asati aitwa uye mushure mekuita kwezvakatipoteredza Iyi ndeimwe yenzira dzinonakidza dzekushandisa ruzha urwu. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekugadziriswa kwezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo ine mvura yakashata kana musango rakatsva, kuongorora kuti kusiyana kwenziyo dzeshiri kunochinja sei kunogona kupa zviratidzo zvekutanga nezvekupora kwehurongwa, nguva refu shanduko isati yaonekwa nemaziso ega.
Maitiro aya ane mukana mukuru wekuongorora kushanda zvakanaka kwemitemo yezvakatipoteredza nemapurojekiti ekuchengetedzaMasangano ehurumende, mamaneja emapaki enyika kana avo vane basa rekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa vanogona kuvimba neruzivo rwemanzwi kuti vaite sarudzo dzine ruzivo rwakadzama, vatange kuita zvinhu zvakakosha kana kuona matambudziko nenguva.
Pamusoro peizvi zvese, Kutarisa maacoustic inzira isingakuvadziHapana chikonzero chekubata kana kubata mhuka, maitiro adzo haana kuchinja zvakanyanya, uye nzvimbo dzakakura dzinogona kufukidzwa pasina kukanganisa zvakanyanya mhuka dzesango. Panguva iyo kurasikirwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emhuka kuri kuwedzera, kuva nezvishandiso zvekutarisa zvisingawedzere kudzvinyirira kune ecosystem kunokosha zvikuru.
Kazhinji, bhangi repasi rose reruzha rweshiri riri kuzvisimbisa sechishandiso chakakosha Izvi zvinokosha kune vesainzi uye kune avo vanotarisira ivhu. Zvinotibvumira kudzidza nezvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kuburikidza neruzha, kuvandudza masisitimu ekuzvizivisa otomatiki, uye kuunza nzanga pedyo nepfungwa ine simba: kuti pasi rinogonawo kudzivirirwa nekuteerera kuti rinoimba sei, kuti rinonyarara sei, uye kuti symphony yaro yemanzwi inochinja sei zvichienderana nezviito zvedu.
