Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, pasina kupokana, rimwe rematambudziko makuru ezvakatipoteredza nhasi. Sezvo kutarisisa kwevagari uye kunetseka pamusoro pechiitiko ichi kuchikura, ndizvo zvakaitawo kukosha kwekugadzirisa zvigadziriso zvakakura. Chiitiko chikuru chaiva 2015 Paris Agreement, uko nyika 195 dzakazvipira kudzikamisa tembiricha yepasi rose kusvika pa2°C, nekuedza kwakawedzerwa kuideredza kusvika pa1,5°C.
Mundima iyi, decarbonization inobuda senzira yakakosha. Iyi nzira inoreva kudzikiswa kwekubuda kwekabhoni, kunyanya CO2, nechinangwa chekuwana a hupfumi hwepasi rose hunobva pamhepo uye pakupedzisira kuwana kusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze. Zvose izvi zvinogoneka kuburikidza ne shanduko yesimba, izvo zvinosanganisira kutamira kumagetsi zvichibva pane yakachena uye inovandudzwa magetsi masosi.
Chii chinonzi decarbonization
Kwemakumi emakore, vanhu vakashandisa mafuta efossil kukurudzira budiriro yehupfumi, izvo zvakakonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwekuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide mumhepo. Izvi zvinobuda ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zve greenhouse effect uye, nokudaro, kudziya kwepasi rose.
Decarbonization inosanganisira kuderedza, uye pakupedzisira kubvisa, kabhoni mukugadzira simba, kuburikidza nekugamuchirwa kwemasimba akachena akadai sezuva, mhepo, hydroelectric uye mamwe. Iyi shanduko yakananga kune renewable simba modhi inobatsira kudzikisira kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye inoturikira mune zvese zvakanaka zvehupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza.
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti decarbonization haingobatanidzi simba remagetsi. Kune mamwe masekete akakosha akadai sekutakura, indasitiri, zvekurima uye kuvaka, izvo zvinofanirwawo kugadzirisa maitiro avo uye matekinoroji kune yakaderera kabhoni sarudzo. Kushandiswa kwekabhoni kubata uye kuchengetedza (CCS) matekinoroji kuri kuongororwawo sechishandiso chekuwedzera mukuita uku.
Kuchinja kwesimba uye hupfumi hunobatsira
Shanduko yakananga ku a Kabhoni isina kwayakarerekera ehupfumi panosvika 2050 Haisi kungodiwa kwezvakatipoteredza chete, asi inewo simba rakasimba rezvemari. The decarbonization inopa yakasarudzika mikana yekugadzira hupfumi, kugadzira mabasa nekuvandudzwa kwemhando yemhepo. Nekudaro, kuita uku kunoda nharaunda yekudzora yakakwana inobvumira kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita uye zero kuburitsa pamutengo unonzwisisika.
Europe yakazvimisa semutungamiri akakosha mushanduko iyi. Iye European Green Deal muenzaniso wakajeka, nechinangwa chayo chekuwana kusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze ne2050, uku ichikurudzira kukwikwidza uye kusimba kwehupfumi. Hurongwa hweEurope hunosanganisira kukurudzira kwakakosha simba rinowedzeredzwa, kuvandudza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kutamira kune hupfumi hwedenderedzwa, uko tsvina inoderedzwa uye zviwanikwa zvinogadziriswa.
Nyika dzese nemakambani anofanirwa kubatana kuzadzisa zvinangwa izvi. Kuisa mari musimba remagetsi uye matekinoroji anoenderera mberi kuri kutogadzira mabasa muzvikamu zviri kusimukira, sekuiswa kwesimba rezuva nemhepo, kugona kwesimba muzvivakwa uye kusikwa kwezvivakwa zvemotokari dzemagetsi.
Inoshanda decarbonization: matambudziko uye mhinduro
Kuti decarbonization ishande, zvinodikanwa kuita zvakatevedzana zvezvirongwa zvinomutsiridza chikamu chimwe nechimwe chehupfumi. Electrification, yakavakirwa pasimba rinodzokororwa, ndiyo inonyanya kushanda sarudzo yekudzikisa kuburitswa kwekabhoni nekuvandudza simba remagetsi.
Matambudziko makuru anosanganisira:
- Decarbonization yechikamu chemagetsi kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kukuru kwesimba rinowanikwazve.
- Kuiswa kwemagetsi kwezvikamu zvakaoma kubvisa kaboni sekutakura zvinorema, ndege uye mamwe maindasitiri.
- Kuvandudza uye kuchengetedza kwakanaka kwesimba.
Kushandiswa kwe decarbonized fuels Iyo yakakoshawo, kunyangwe budiriro yayo yetekinoroji ichiri kutarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda, kunyanya maererano nemitengo yayo yakakwirira. Zvinotarisirwa kuti panosvika 2030, 65% yemagetsi epasi rose ekugadzirwa kwesimba achabva kune anogona kudzokororwa, uye akatenderedza 85% ne2050. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) tekinoroji iri kufambira mberi, kunyangwe, sekutaura kwenyanzvi, zvakakosha kuvandudza kwayo. kushanda zvakanaka kuti igamuchirwe pamwero mukuru.
Simba risiri-electrifying uye basa rayo mu decarbonization
Kunyangwe kuiswa kwemagetsi iri nzira yakakosha, kune mamwe masekete uko zvisingagoneke kana kuita pundutso kuita shanduko iyi. Kutumira, kubhururuka nendege uye kutakura zvinorema ndiyo mienzaniso apo electrification isiri yakura tekinoroji sarudzo. Kune aya zvikamu, kushandiswa kwe decarbonized fuels, segirinhi rehydrogen uye ecofuels, zvichave zvakakosha kuti uwane kusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kunyangwe vachimiririra 16% yeEU kushandiswa kwesimba uye kuburitsa, bheji remangwana nderekuti vanofambira mberi mukutsvagisa nekuvandudza matekinoroji anoshanda anobvumira decarbonization mumakumi emakore ari kuuya.
Shanduko yesimba rakachena muzvikamu izvi ichave inofambira mberi, uye panguva ino, mitemo yekutonga icharamba ichikurudzira kudzikiswa kwehutsi kuburikidza nemitero yekabhoni uye mitemo inodiwa.
Nhanho nhanho: Iyo decarbonization maitiro
Izwi rekuti decarbonization ratova chikamu chemitemo yeruzhinji yenyika dzakawanda, uye yakanangana nekumisa kushandisa zvisaririra zvakadai semarasha, mafuta uye gasi rechisikigo, kupisa kwaro kunobudisa yakawanda kabhoni. Kune rimwe divi, zvimwe zviwanikwa zvakaita sebiomass zvakare zvine kabhoni, kunyangwe mune iyi kabhoni kutenderera kupfupi, izvo zvinogona kudzikisira kuburitsa kune imwe nhanho.
Kana mafuta efossil apiswa, anogadzira carbon dioxide, pakati pezvimwe zvinosvibisa zvinobuda. Iyo yakakura kuwanda kwekabhoni mumafuta, ndiko kuwedzera kwe CO2 kubuda. Kune zvakare zvinosanganiswa zvinobuda izvo, kunyangwe muhuwandu hudiki, zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kumhepo, senge kabhoni monoxide and the nitrogen oxides nesarufa.
Nzira chete yekurwisa zvine mutsindo dambudziko remamiriro ekunze ndeyekuchinja kuenda kune modhi inoderedza zvakanyanya kuburitswa uku, ichienda kune remangwana rezero. Ichi chinangwa chakakosha kuti tikwanise kuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze kwenguva refu.
Kushandisa matanho ekugadzirisa simba, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba rinoshandiswazve uye kusarudza mafuta matsva e-decarbonized haasi akanaka chete kune zvakatipoteredza, asiwo kunopa mikana yekusimudzira hupfumi.
Sezvo isu tichienda kune remangwana risina kabhoni, zvakakosha kuti hurumende, makambani uye vagari vabatane mukubvisa maratidziro ezvikamu zvese zvine hungwaru, sekutakura, simba neindasitiri. Nenzira iyi chete tinogona kudzikisira mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuchengetedza pasi kune zvizvarwa zvinotevera.