Kune marudzi akasiyana ebiofuel anowanwa kubva kune mbishi zvinhu zvinodzoreredzwa. Muchikamu chino, tichatarisa pane cellulosic biofuels, rudzi rwebiofuel inogadzirwa nemarara ekurima, huni, uye huswa hunokurumidza kukura. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kushandurwa kuva zvakasiyana-siyana zvebiofuel, kusanganisira izvo zvakakodzera motokari uye injini dzendege.
Muchikamu chino tichatsanangura kuti chii chinonzi cellulosic biofuels, maitiro avo uye maitiro avo ekugadzira, zvichipa muono wakakwana wenyaya yacho.
Chii chinonzi cellulosic biofuels
Mazuva ano, kudiwa kwekubvisa kutsamira pamafuta efossil kuri kuwedzera kuoneka. Oiri, semuenzaniso, inogadzira njodzi dzehupfumi, dzezvakatipoteredza uye dzekuchengetedza padanho repasi rose. Kunyangwe iyo yazvino yehupfumi modhi ichiramba ichitsigira kushandiswa kweoiri, zvakakosha kuti uwane mitsva inodzoreredzwa magetsi masosi anogona kutsiva iyo, kunyanya yekufambisa, inomiririra imwe yemabviro makuru ekubuda kwegreenhouse gasi.
ari cellulosic biofuels, mune ino mamiriro, inomiririra sarudzo inovimbisa. Kusiyana nezera rekutanga rebiofuels, rinowanikwa kubva muzvirimwa zvakadai sechibage nesoya, cellulosic biofuels inobva kune zvikamu zvemiti isingadyiki, zvakadai semazita, mashizha uye matanda.
Cellulosic biofuels ndeyechizvarwa chechipiri chebiofuels, uye chakanyanya kukosha ndechekuti haikwikwidze nezvirimwa zvakagadzirirwa chikafu, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakasimba uye inogoneka mhinduro munguva refu.
Greenhouse gasi inoburitsa mwero
Imwe yezvakashata zvikuru zvechizvarwa chekutanga biofuels isimba rayo rakanaka pakudzikiswa kwemagasi egreenhouse, sezvo maitiro ekugadzira biofuels kubva muchibage kana nzimbe, kuve simba uye makemikari zvakanyanya, zvakanyanya kuderedza mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza anowanikwa kubva mukutsiva mafossil. .
Kune rimwe divi, cellulosic biofuels inogona kuwana a zvakawanda zvakanaka mwero wezvinobuda yegreenhouse magasi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvinhu zve cellulosic zvakaita semarara ehuni, mashanga egorosi, uye mashanga echibage zvatove kuwanikwa sezvigadzirwa zvemamwe mabasa ekurima, nekudaro kuderedza kuburitswa kwekuwedzera kunokonzerwa nekurima, kushandiswa uye kushandiswa kwevhu.
Kusiyana nezvirimwa zvechikafu, zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira cellulosic biofuel hazvidi ivhu rakaorera, uye mazhinji emhando dzezvirimwa zvinokura nekukurumidza zvinogona kurimwa pavhu rakasvibiswa kana rakasvibiswa, zvichiwedzera kubatsira kupora kubva pasi.
Kugadzirwa kwe cellulosic biofuels
Kugadzirwa kwe cellulosic biofuels kunonyanya kuenderana nekuparara kwe cellulose muzvikamu zvayo zvekutanga, izvo zvinobva zvaviriswa kugadzira mvura yemafuta. Cellulose i polymer yakaoma inowanikwa mumiti yesero madziro uye inoumbwa nemacheni marefu emamorekuru eshuga. Kuti ubvise mamorekuru aya eshuga, cellulose inofanirwa kuputswa muhurongwa hunogona kuve makemikari kana enzymatic.
Muchiitiko chechizvarwa chekutanga chebiofuel, nzira yacho yakananga, sezvo biomass inodyiwa (yakareruka makabhohaidhiretsi seaya anowanikwa muchibage kana nzimbe) anoshandiswa, izvo zvinoita kuti kuvirisa kuve nyore. Zvisinei, kuputsa kuumbwa kwe cellulose kunoda kufambira mberi kwakaoma kwesainzi uye tekinoroji.
Simba rekugadzira maitiro kuburikidza ne cellulosic biomass
Iyo nzira inotanga ne biomass kuora kuita mamorekuru madiki, anozokwenenzverwa kuti abudise mabiofuels emvura. Kune nzira dzakasiyana zvichienderana nekupisa kunoitwa kugadzirisa:
- Iyo yakaderera tembiricha nzira (50-200 madhigirii): Iyi nzira inogadzira shuga inogona kuviriswa mu ethanol nemamwe mafuta, akafanana nemaitiro anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwechizvarwa chekutanga chebiofuels.
- Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha nzira (300-600 madhigirii): Inogadzira bio-oiri, iyo inogona kunatswa kuita peturu kana dhiziri.
- Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha nzira (inopfuura 700 madhigirii): Inogadzira magasi anogona kubva ashandurwa kuita mafuta emvura.
Imwe neimwe nzira ine zvayakanakira uye zvinogumira, zvichienderana nerudzi rwekutanga biomass. Muzhinji, zvakaonekwa kuti zvinhu zvakaita sehuni zvinoita zvirinani pakupisa kwepamusoro, nepo miriwo neuswa zvinogadzira zvirinani pakudziya kwakadzika.
Chinhu chakakosha chekushandura cellulose kuita biofuel ndiko kubviswa kweokisijeni kubva mu cellulose molecular cheni, iyo inobatsira kuwedzera simba remagetsi ekupedzisira biofuel. Iyi nzira yekushandura ine simba rekugadzira simba rekugadzirisa simba risingaiti chete, asiwo rinogara.
Nekune rimwe divi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti nzira dzekuvirisa nekuora dzepamusoro pemarara ecellulosic dzinogona kubvumira nyika yakaita seUnited States kuburitsa matani anosvika bhiriyoni imwe nemazana maviri eiyo dry cellulosic biomass pagore, iyo yakaenzana nemabhiriyoni mazana mana emarita emafuta emafuta. gore negore, inokwana kuvhara inenge hafu yemafuta emafuta ayo anodiwa iye zvino.
Sezvo tsvagiridzo inofambira mberi, matekinoroji ekushandura cellulosic biomass ari kuita nani zvakanyanya. Kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri-mukero we cellulosic biofuel kuchiri kutarisana nemamwe matambudziko ehunyanzvi, asi maonero ane tariro.
Matambudziko nemikana ye cellulosic biofuels
Kunyange cellulosic biofuels Vanopa akawanda mabhenefiti, kukura kwavo kunotarisana nematambudziko makuru. Dambudziko guru nderomutengo wekugadzira, unoramba uri pamusoro kana uchienzaniswa nemafuta efossil. Izvi mhedzisiro yeakaomarara tekinoroji maitiro anodiwa kuti aparadze cellulose uye kushandura biomass kuita mvura biofuel.
Rimwe dambudziko rakakosha kudiwa kwekugadzira zvidyarwa zvemaindasitiri zvekugadzirisa cellulosic biomass. Magadzirirwo ekunatsa haana kukodzera kugadzirisa cellulosic biomass, inoda imwe mari yekudyara muzvivakwa.
Zvisinei nematambudziko aya, mikana inopihwa necellulosic biofuels yakakura. Vanoderedza kukwikwidzana kwakananga nezvirimwa zvezvokudya, kuderedza kubudiswa kwegasi rinopisa uye kushandisa zvinhu zvisina kubikwa zvaizoraswa, zvakadai sezvimedu zvehuni, mashanga nemarara ekurima.
Sezvo tekinoroji iri kufambira mberi, cellulosic biofuels inofungidzirwa senzira inoshanda uye inogoneka yekuzadzisa zvinodiwa nesimba repasi rose, kuderedza kutsamira pamafuta ezvicherwa uye kuderedza mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Cellulosic biofuels isarudzo inovimbisa munyika iri kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza mafuta efossil. Sezvo matekinoroji ekugadzira achifambira mberi, aya mabiofuel anogona kuita basa rinowedzera kukosha mumusanganiswa wesimba repasi rose.