Nhasi tichataura pamusoro pegasi rinonyanya kuzivikanwa uye rakakosha zvikuru: carbon dioxide (CO2). Iri gasi regreenhouse rinoita basa rinokosha mukubatsira kuchengetedza kupisa mumhepo. Kunyangwe mumakumi emakore achangopfuura yakave nedhimoni nekuda kwehukama hwayo nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, CO2 yakakosha kuhupenyu. Inobvumira zvirimwa kuita photosynthesis, kubudisa okisijeni yatinofema. Dai CO2 isipo, hupenyu sezvatinoziva hwaisazogoneka.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora zvakadzama kuti carbon dioxide chii, kukosha kwayo kupasi uye zvisikwa zvipenyu, maitiro ayo pahutano hwevanhu, uye mhedzisiro yekuwedzera kwayo mumhepo. Pamusoro pezvo, isu tichagadzirisa kuti kuvepo kwayo kunogona kutariswa sei kudzivirira yakakura kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Mhando huru
El carbon dioxide (CO2) Imorekuru inoumbwa neatomu kabhoni imwe uye maviri maatomu eokisijeni, ayo anoipa iyo kemikari formula CO2. Igasi risina ruvara uye risinganhuhwi, zvichireva kuti rinogona kuenda risingaonekwe nevanhu munharaunda pasina kunyatsoonekwa.
Iri gasi rinowanikwa mumhepo zvakasununguka, richitora chikamu mumaitiro akakosha senge carbon cycle. Uyezve, carbon dioxide inokwanisa kutora kupisa, iyo inobatsira kune natural greenhouse effect, izvo zvinoita kuti pasi rirambe riri patembiricha yakakodzera upenyu.
Rimwe remabasa ayo akakosha kutora chikamu mukuita kwe photosynthesis zvezvirimwa. Munguva iyi, CO2 inotorwa nemiti uye inoshandiswa kubudisa okisijeni, iyo isingakoshi chete kune hupenyu hwemiti, asiwo kuvanhu nemhuka, sezvo tinovimba neokisijeni inogadzirwa. Kutaura zvazviri, patinofema, tinobudisa carbon dioxide, iyo inoratidza kuti igasi rechisikigo riripo muzvinhu zvose zvipenyu nemakemikari.
Iko kusanganiswa kwekabhoni dioxide mumhepo kwave kwakagadzikana munhoroondo, kusara pakati 300 ppm uye 500 ppm (zvikamu pamiriyoni). Nekudaro, mumakore ekupedzisira e150, semhedzisiro yezviitwa zvevanhu, kutariswa uku kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, izvo zvatichadzidza gare gare zvine chekuita nekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Hutano mhedzisiro
El CO2Kunyange zvazvo isiri muchetura munzvimbo dzakasikwa, inogona kuva nengozi kana ichiungana munzvimbo dzakavharwa pasina mhepo yakakwana. Carbon dioxide inobvisa okisijeni iripo mumhepo, iyo inogona kukonzera hutano hwevanhu hwakadai sekutemwa nemusoro, kuneta, kuderera kwekuisa pfungwa uye, pamwero wakanyanya (pamusoro pe30,000 ppm), kutadza kufema.
Munzvimbo dzakavharwa dzebasa, kunyanya mumahofisi asina kufefetera zvakanaka uye nevanhu vazhinji, kutarisisa kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana. Kubva 800 ppm concentration ye CO2, vanhu vanotanga kuzivisa kusagadzikana senge kusagadzikana kwese kana kunyunyuta nezvemhando yemhepo. Muzviitiko izvi, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekufefetera kwakanaka.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vanhu vane mamiriro ekufema, akadai seasthma, vanonyanya kushungurudzwa nemigumisiro iyi nokuti vanoda kufema mweya wakaderera CO2 zvinyorwa kuti vadzivise kufema. Kutarisira mumamiriro ezvinhu aya kunovimbisa hutano uye kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu.
Zvinonetsa munzvimbo dzeruzhinji
Munzvimbo dzakavharwa dzakadai sezvikoro, uko vana vanogara kwemaawa akawanda, kuwanda kwecarbon dioxide kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kana pasina mhepo yakakodzera. Sezvo vana vari kushanda uye vane metabolism yakakwirira kupfuura vanhu vakuru, vanobudisa huwandu hwakawanda hweCO2, iyo inowedzera mazinga aripo mumhepo.
Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune zviratidzo zvakadai musoro, kuneta uye kurara pavadzidzi, zvichikanganisa kuita kwavo chikoro. Mune dzimwe nyika dzakaita seFrance, aya mamiriro anodzorwa nemirau inodzikamisa CO2 kutariswa munzvimbo idzi. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seSpain, kuchine kushayikwa kwemitemo yakajeka inodzora dambudziko iri.
Carbon dioxide inowedzera
El yakawedzera CO2 concentrations mumhepo ndeimwe yezvinonyanya kunetseka nezvezvakatipoteredza. Munhoroondo yePasi rose, kuwanda kwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi kwakachinja-chinja nekuda kwezviitiko zvechisikigo zvakaita sekuputika kwemakomo, asi mumakore zana nemakumi mashanu apfuura, kuita kwevanhu kwakakonzera kuwedzera kusati kwamboitika.
Iwo makuru masosi e CO2 emissions ndeaya kupisa mafuta semarasha, mafuta uye gasi rechisikigo. Zviitiko izvi, izvo zvinosanganisira zvekufambisa, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi uye maindasitiri maitiro, zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwakasimba kwe CO2 kutariswa mumhepo. Nhasi, CO2 mazinga adarika 415ppm, chiverengero chakanga chisina kunyorwa munhau yenguva pfupi yapfuura yepasi. Kuwedzera uku kunoenderana zvakananga ne kupisa kwepasi pose, sezvo CO2 iri imwe yemagasi ane simba egreenhouse.
Carbon dioxide uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze
Kuwedzera kwekabhoni dhaikisaidhi kune kukanganisa kwakananga pakudziya kwepasi. CO2 inokwanisa kutora uye kuchengetedza kupisa kunobva kuZuva nePasi, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekushisa kwepasi rose. Iyi nzira yakakosha kuchengetedza tembiricha yakakwana panyika, asi kana ikaitika yakawandisa, inoguma nekuchinja kukuru kwemamiriro ekunze.
Izvi zviri kutozviratidza muzviitiko zvakaita se kunyunguduka kwechando, the kukwira kwegungwa uye kunyanyisa mamiriro ekunze zviitiko se madutu akanyanya uye anogara achiitika. CO2 inobatsirawo ku ocean acidification, chiitiko chinotapura zvakakomba zvipenyu zvomugungwa uye zvipenyu.
Maererano nezvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura, kupisa kwepasi kuchava nemigumisiro inoparadza kumarudzi akawanda uye ecosystems kana kuwedzera kweCO2 kusingadzorwi. Uyezve, nyika dzichiri kusimukira, idzo dzinovimba zvakanyanya nezviwanikwa, ndidzo dziri panjodzi huru kune idzi shanduko.
Matanho ekudzora CO2: Padanho repasi rose, nzira dzakasiyana dziri kuitwa, sekusimudzira simba rinowedzeredzwa uye kabhoni kubatwa uye kuchengetedza, izvo zvinotsvaga kuderedza CO2 kubudiswa uye kudzivirira kuti isasvike mumhepo. Kudyara masango uye kuvandudzwa mukutonga kwe ecosystem zvakare kwakakosha kudzikamisa kukanganisa kwecarbon dioxide.
Kuramba tichidzikisira kuburitsa uye kutora mhinduro dzakasimba kwakakosha kana tichida kuve neramangwana rinorarama kuzvizvarwa zvichauya.
Muchidimbu, carbon dioxide, kunyange zvazvo chiri chinhu chinokosha muzvakasikwa, yasvika panhanho dzinotyisa nemhaka yezviitwa nevanhu. Migumisiro yaro yakaipa pahutano uye nharaunda ndeyekumuka-kufona kutora matanho nekukurumidza uye kudzikisira. Hutsva hwetekinoroji uye shanduko muhunhu hwevanhu huchave hwakasimba mukudzora kukanganisa kwe CO2 mune ramangwana.