Shandura biowaste kuita renewable carbon Haisisiri zano remurabhoritari, asi chokwadi chiri kuchinja mabatiro atinoita tsvina yedu, kugadzira simba, uye kuderedza kuburitsa. Kubva pakugadziriswa kwetsvina yetsvina kusvika pakugayiwa kwechikamu chepasi chemarara emasipala, tekinoroji yese uye yehupfumi ecosystem iri kuvakwa kutenderedza iyi nzira nyowani yekushandisa organic zvinhu.
Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, mapurojekiti akadai seBIOKAR muBasque Country, zvidyarwa zvebiogas zvemberi senge zviri muNieheim, Germany, zvirongwa zvemuno zvekusimbisa biowaste mumataundi eSpain, uye kusimudzira hydrogen inotorwa kubva kubiomass Kushandiswa kwebiogenic CO₂ sechinhu chinopenda mufananidzo wakakwana wekuti denderedzwa bioeconomy inonanga kupi. Pazasi, ese aya maficha anoongororwa zvakadzama, achibatanidza kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye maitiro avo ezvakatipoteredza, ehupfumi, uye magariro.
Kubva pane organic tsvina kusvika kune yakakwirira-yakakosha renewable kabhoni
Traditional organic marara manejimendi, kwemakumi emakore, anosanganisira kutumira huwandu hukuru hwe biowaste kuenda kunoraswa kana kushandiswa kwayo kunenge kwakasarudzika kwekutanga simba kudzoreredza, nekudaro kutambisa kugona kwayo sechinhu chekushandisa. Munharaunda yakaita seBasque Country, semuenzaniso, anopfuura mazana mashanu ezviuru ematani edhaka kubva kune tsvina yekuchenesa zvidyarwa (WWTPs), digestate, marara ekurima nemasango, uye marara ekuchekerera anogadzirwa gore rega, mazhinji ayo anoraswa zvisina kunaka.
Iyi mutsara modhi inotora a kurasikirwa kwezviwanikwa uye tsime rekuburitsa yegreenhouse magasi, kuwedzera pakuwedzera mari dzekutonga. Mukupindura, mapurojekiti akabuda anogadzirisa biowaste seyakagadzirwa kugadzira biochar, biomethane, renewable hydrogen, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine zvakanangana nekushandisa muindasitiri, zvekurima, uye kuvaka.
Mukuchinja uku kweparadigm, kiyi iri mukubatanidza tekinoroji tekinoroji (senge pyrolysis kana hydrothermal carbonization), advanced biological process (yakagadziridzwa anaerobic digestion), uye kutora uye kushandisa masisitimu. biogenic CO₂ iyo inogadzirwa panguva yekutendeuka, nekudaro kuvhara kabhoni kutenderera munguva pfupi horizons.
BIOKAR Project: kushandura bio-marara kuita inoshanda biochar
Iyo BIOKAR purojekiti inotorwa semhinduro yezvimiro kune dambudziko rekusashandiswa pasi pemarara emarara muBasque Country, ichikurudzira kushandurudza kusvika. 500.000 matani ebiowaste pagore mune yakakwirira-yakawedzera-yakawedzera biochar kune akawanda maindasitiri kunyorera. Chirongwa ichi chakanangana netsvina yekuchenesa chirimwa chetsvina, digestate, uye agroforestry byproducts izvo nhasi zvinonyanya kuguma mumarara kana kupiswa kugadzira simba.
Kuti uite izvi, iyo BIOKAR consortium iri kutarisa mhuri mbiri dze thermochemical technologies: iyo hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)Iyi nzira inokodzera nzizi dzemarara dzine hunyoro hwakanyanya, nepo pyrolysis inonyanya kukodzera zvikamu zvakaoma. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekushandura inopfuura 80% yemarara ekutanga kuita biochar yakagadzikana, kuderedza huwandu hwekupedzisira hunoda humwe hutongi.
Pamusoro pekugadzirisa kutendeuka, basa riri kuitwa pa kushanda kwe biochar yakagadzirwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandura chimiro chayo chemuviri nemakemikari - semuenzaniso, nekuwedzera kabhoni yayo pamusoro pe70% uye kuwedzera nzvimbo yayo chaiyo pamusoro pe500 m²/g - kuitira kuti igone kutsiva nemafossil marasha mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana.
Iyo biochar yakawanikwa inozosimbiswa mumitsetse yakati wandei yekushandiswa: sechinhu chinoshambadza mu kurapwa kwemvura yakasvibiswa nemakomisheni ari kubuda, sechikamu chekabhoni aerogels inotarisirwa kusefa yakasimudzwa gasi, uye sekuwedzera uye ivhu rakagadzikana muzvigadzirwa zvekuvaka, zvichibatsirawo kutore nguva refu kabhoni.
Iyi nzira yese inobvumira biochar kuti imiswe kwete chete seyakagadzirwa, asi sea Strategic resource inokwanisa kutamisa zvisaririra-zvakavakirwa zvinhu, kuderedza CO₂ emissions inoenderana nekugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwavo.
Zvakatipoteredza, zvehupfumi uye denderedzwa hupfumi hunoita
Fungidziro dzakaitwa mukati meBIOKAR framework dzinoratidza kuti kusimbaradza kwe500.000 matani ebiowaste pari zvino isingashandiswe pagore kunogona kudzivirira kutenderera. 13.000 matani eCO₂ yakaenzana pagoreKudzikiswa uku kunobva pahuwandu hudiki hwemarara anotumirwa kunoraswa uye kubva pakutsiviwa kwemarasha nebiochar inogona kuvandudzwa.
Padanho rehupfumi hwedenderedzwa, purojekiti inotarisira kuwedzera kukuru Kubudirira kwezvinhu uye chiyero chekutendereraZvinofungidzirwa kuti kugadzirwa kwezvinhu kunogona kuwedzera neinopfuura 90%, nepo kutenderera kwezviwanikwa kuchizowedzera ne50% nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwebiochar mumaketani aripo eukoshi.
Kubva pamaonero ehupfumi, BIOKAR inoronga huwandu hwakawedzerwa hwe 5 miriyoni euros pagore Kune makambani ari kutora chikamu, kukosha uku kunozoonekwa kana modhi yaiswa pachiyero cheindasitiri. Ukoshi uhwu hunobva mukutengeswa kweiyo functionalized biochar, pamwe neakabatana masevhisi ezvemamiriro ekunze uye nemitengo yakaderedzwa yekudzora marara.
Kuwedzera kukosha uku kunobatsirawo kujekesa basa, nekusimudzira kusikwa kwe mabasa ane unyanzvi munzvimbo dzakaita senge process engineering, hunhu hwezvinhu, kushanda kwechirimwa chepamusoro, uye kubvunzana kwekuenderera mberi. Pakazere, iyo Basque eco-indasitiri iri kusimbisa chinzvimbo chayo semutungamiri mune bioeconomy uye kusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze.
Iyi nzira inoenderana zvakananga neBasque Country's Circular Economy Strategy 2030 uye Waste Prevention and Management Plan 2030, iyo inoratidza biowaste sechinhu chakakosha pamberi kuenda kune yakaderera-kabhoni, yemakwikwi ekugadzira modhi yakavakirwa pakushandisa zvakanaka kwezviwanikwa.
A consortium inovhara kukosha kwese cheni
Kusimba kweBIOKAR kwakavakirwa pamubatanidzwa unobatanidza vamiririri kubva ku kuunganidza uye manejimendi ebiowaste Kubva mukushandiswa kwemaindasitiri kwebiochar kuenda kutekinoroji R&D, chirongwa ichi chinotungamirwa neCadagua, kambani inopa ruzivo rwayo muinjiniya, kuvaka, uye kushanda kwezvivakwa zvekuchenesa mvura.
Padivi peCadagua, makambani akati wandei anotora chikamu, kuve nechokwadi chekutonga kwakakwana kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemarara: femu yakatarisana nemhinduro dzemaindasitiri uye kutonga kwemhepo yemhepo, imwe yakatsaurirwa kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakasvibira, basa remasango nemigwagwa yeveruzhinji, kambani inofambisa ivhu uye marara inoshandisa akaunganidzwa akaunganidzwa, uye mutambi akakosha muBasque. kutarisirwa kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa zvemasango.
Yakawedzerwa kune iyi a international consultant Yakasarudzika mukugadzikana, misika yekabhoni uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, inotsigira kuyerwa, kutarisa uye kuyerwa kwemamiriro ekunze uye mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza anogadzirwa neprojekiti, pamwe nekukodzera kwayo mukati mekutonga uye girinhi mari masisitimu.
Kubva pakuona kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, nzvimbo inotungamira yekutsvagisa iri kubatanidzwa mukati thermochemical process (pyrolysis uye hydrothermal carbonization), advanced characterization yezvinhu, uye mhinduro dzevalorization yebiogenic tsvina. Padivi payo, mubatanidzwa wezvakatipoteredza unounza pamwechete makambani uye masangano ari muchikamu anoita sepuratifomu yekuparadzira, kutamisa, uye kuwedzera mhedzisiro.
Iyi hurongwa hwehurumende-yakavanzika inoratidza kuzvipira kune a carbon-neutral kugadzira modhi uye kuda kusimuka kubva kumapurojekiti ekuyedza kuenda kukuita chaiko munharaunda, ine zvinobatika zvemagariro, zvehupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza.
Kutsigira kweInstitutional uye mari yekuvandudza
Kuti marudzi aya ezvirongwa afambire mberi kubva pachikamu chemurabhoritari kuenda kukuendesa kutengeserana, zvakakosha kuve midziyo yekubhadhara veruzhinji izvo zvinogovera njodzi yetekinoroji. Panyaya yeBIOKAR, chirongwa ichi chinobatsira kubva murutsigiro rweHurumende yeBasque HAZITEK 2025 chirongwa, chinotarisa kutsigira mabhizinesi eR&D mapurojekiti anoenderana nemakwikwi, kushandirapamwe kwechikamu, uye kusimba.
Rubatsiro urwu runobva mubhajeti reDhipatimendi reIndasitiri, Energy Transition uye Sustainability, pamwe neEuropean Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ichisimbisa chikamu cheEuropean cheshanduko yakananga kune imwe nyika. low carbon economyRudzi urwu rwerutsigiro runoita kuti zvive nyore kumakambani nenzvimbo dzetekinoroji kuyedza nekugadzirisa matekinoroji akaomarara akadai seHTC kana advanced pyrolysis.
Nekubatanidza mapurojekiti aya nehupfumi hwedunhu nedunhu uye hurongwa hwekudzora marara, zvinove nechokwadi chekuti mhedzisiro yacho haina kuparadzaniswa, asi kuti yakabatanidzwa muzvirongwa zvakakura zvekushandura maindasitiri, kubatsira kuzvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze, uye kugadzira. kuwirirana kwemitemo nehupfumi.
Yepamberi biogas zvidyarwa: iyo Nieheim muenzaniso
Pamusoro peiyo thermochemical nzira yebiochar, iyo anaerobic digestion yemaguta uye agro-industrial biowaste ndiyo imwe huru lever yekushandura organic zvinhu kuita. renewable carbon muchimiro chebiogas, biomethane, uye inogona kushandiswa biogenic CO₂. Muenzaniso unozivikanwa ndeye Nieheim chirimwa muGermany, inoshandiswa neboka reEggersmann.
Nzvimbo iyi, yanga ichishanda kubva muna 2007 ichishandisa batch dry fermentation, iri kushandurwa kuti itore nzira kuenderera kwakaoma kuvirisaChinangwa ndechekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwebiogas kubva muchikamu chemarara emarara. Iyo yemazuva ano ichabvumira kugadziriswa kwematani angangoita 54.000 ebiowaste pagore.
Tekinoroji shanduko inoperekedzwa neshanduko munzvimbo yebiogas: pachinzvimbo chekuishandisa zvakanyanya gadzira magetsi, vari kubheja zvavo kusimudzira kune biomethane ine gasi rechisikigo mhando, iyo inogona kubaiwa mugasi pombi network uye inoshandiswa mukupisa uye mumaindasitiri mashandisirwo ane yakakwirira simba kukosha.
Chimiro chinobatanidzawo a mhepo turbine uye yakakura photovoltaic deploymentNokudaro, chikamu chakakosha zvikuru chesimba remagetsi rinodiwa pakugadzirisa maitiro anogadzirwa patsva panzvimbo, kuderedza iyo carbon footprint.
Musanganiswa uyu unoisa Nieheim semuenzaniso we hybrid power plantuko bio-waste digestion inosanganiswa nemagetsi anogona kudzokororwa kugadzirwa uye smart simba manejimendi masisitimu kuti awedzere kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwakabatana.
Smart simba manejimendi uye yakaipa kabhoni tsoka
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuvandudzwa zvechirimwa cheNieheim ndiko kutonga kwesimba kwakavakirwa pa njere yekufungaSisitimu iyi inodzora kana biogas ichishandurwa kuita biomethane zvichibva pakuwanikwa kwemagetsi anogadzirwazve anogadzirwa pachirimwa pachacho (mhepo nesolar). Kana pane imwe nguva pasina kukwana pa-site magetsi kugadzirwa, iyo biogas inochengetwa kwenguva pfupi mumatangi makuru.
Izvi zvinodzivirira kushandisa simba kubva kune gidhi panguva iyo musanganiswa wemagetsi ungave uine yakakwira kabhoni intensity, kugadzirisa mashandiro kuti akoshese nguva nekuwedzera simba rinogoneka kupinda. Iyi nzira inobatsira kuderedza carbon footprint yakabatana nekusimudzira maitiro uye kugadzirisa pasi rose mamiriro ekunze kuisirwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, CO₂ yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune biogas panguva yekuvandudza inoshandiswa kune zvakakosha-zvinangwa. Chikamu chayo chinoshandurwa kuita biogenic yakaoma ice, iyo inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri maitirwo akadai sekuputika kwepfuti yekurapa pamusoro kana muhunyanzvi hwekutonhodza zvikumbiro.
Chimwe chikamu cheCO₂ chakabatwa chinochengetwa zvachose mune zvekuvakisa, senge kongiri yakadzokororwa, uko inoramba yakagadziriswa kwehupenyu hwese hwechigadzirwa. Iri zano rekushandisa nekuchengetedza biogenic CO₂ rinobvumira chirimwa cheNieheim kwete chete kuburitsa simba rinogoneka uye mamiriro ekunze-aneutral biogas, asiwo kushuvira kuve ne kunyange negative carbon footprint.
Nekubatanidza chizvarwa chinodzokororwa, bio-tsvina digestion, biomethane kusimudzira, uye CO₂ kutora uye kushandiswa, Nieheim inova mucherechedzo wekuti organic marara marara angashanduka kuita chokwadi. renewable carbon biorefinery.
Kompositi, fetereza uye kushandiswa kwekurima
Anaerobic digestion maitiro anoburitsa kwete biogas chete asiwo digestate iyo inoramba iri sosi yepamusoro agronomic kufarira. PaNieheim, manejimendi eiyi digestate yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza nekuvandudza iyo compost quality inogadzirwa, inoenderana neyakaomesesa certification zviyero.
Iyo digestate kubva paplug flow fermenter kazhinji ine mwando wakawandisa wekuita composting yakananga. Nokudaro, inopinda nzira yekuparadzanisa muzvikamu zvakasimba uye zvemvura. Chikamu chakasimba chinoshandiswa kugadzira manyowa emhando yepamusoro, nepo chikamu chemvura chinotengeswa se fetiraiza yemvurakunyanya munzvimbo dziri pedyo dzekurima.
Este kushandiswa kaviri inobvumira kudzoka zvinovaka muviri zvinovaka muviri kune ivhu, kuvandudza chimiro chayo uye kubereka, panguva imwe chete ichivhara organic matter cycle. Chiitiko chakaunganidzwa kubva pakati pemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nechikamu cheEggersmann Group checompost chakabatsira mukukwenenzvera mapaneru ekudzora, nguva dzekukura, uye musanganiswa wezvinhu.
Mukuita, varimi mudunhu vanobatsirikana kubva kune yakagadzikana mugove we organic amendments uye fetireza yemvura inotorwa kubva kumarara ekanzuru neagro-industrial, ichigadzira denderedzwa rakanaka pakati pemaguta nemaruwa izvo zvinoderedza kuvimba nefossil-based fossil.
Iyi modhi inoratidza kuti valorization yebiowaste haina kugumira pakugadzirwa kwesimba, asi inosanganisira huwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana ne renewable carbon izvo zvinochengeta kabhoni yakabatwa muvhu kana muzvigadzirwa zvenguva refu.
Hydrogen inotorwa kubva kubiomass semutakuri wesimba
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekuchinja kune renewable kabhoni kugadzirwa kwe hydrogen kubva kubiomass (Bio-H₂). Tsvagiridzo ichangoburwa kubva kuYunivhesiti yeYale yakaongorora zvakadzama kushanda kweiyi simba vector sechombo chekudzikisa kuburitswa, kunyanya muzvikamu umo decarbonization yakaoma, sesimbi, mamwe maitiro emakemikari kana kutakura zvinorema.
Hydrogen inoonekwa semafuta akachena panguva yekushandiswa, sezvo kushandura kwesimba kusingaburitse CO₂, asi kuburitswa kwakabatana kunotsamira zvakanyanya pane nzira yekugadzira. Parizvino, yakawanda yehydrogen inowanikwa nekugadzirisa gasi rechisikigo, ine a high carbon footprintKusiyana neizvi, Bio-H₂ inoratidzika seimwe nzira iyo, kunyange isiri nguva dzose yakaderera mukubuda sehydrogen inogadzirwa ne electrolysis ine renewables, inopa kudzikisira kwakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nefossil hydrogen.
Iyo Yale kudzidza yakabatanidza maturusi kubva life cycle assessment (LCA) neGCAM yepasi rose shanduko yekuongorora modhi, kubatanidza zvinhu zvekugovera, kudiwa, mitemo yekukurudzira, uye kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa. Iyo yakagadziridzwa sisitimu inobvumira kuongororwa kwete chete kwekubuda kwakananga asiwo kwemhedzisiro yenguva refu muzvikamu zvakasiyana uye matunhu.
Nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira dzakaongororwa, kusanganisira electrolysis inofambiswa nesimba rinodzokororwa uye kugadzirwa kwegasi kana kuvandudzwa kwebiomass nemarara ekurima nemasango. Pakatariswawo kuti zvinokurudzira zvichachinja sei, tichifunga, semuenzaniso, kubviswa kwakarongwa kwemamwe makiredhiti emutero ehydrogen yakachena muUnited States kutanga muna 2027.
Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti kubatanidzwa kwe hydrogen inotorwa kubva kubiomass Kuwedzera haidrojeni kumusanganiswa wesimba kunogona kuwedzera kuderedzwa kwekubuda ne1,6 kusvika 2 mukati menguva 2025-2050 zvichienzaniswa nemamiriro ezvinhu apo rudzi urwu rwehydrogen harushandiswe, kunyanya kana pasina yakakura uye yakafanana kabhoni mutengo.
Biomass, zvakasara zvemasango uye marongero ekutsigira Bio-H₂
Biomass yakakodzera kushandurwa kuita Bio-H₂ inosanganisira ese ari maviri zvirimwa zvesimba Mhuka dzakanangana (dzakadai semiscanthus kana switchgrass) dzinogona kushandiswa, pamwe nekuwanda kwezvakasara zvekurima nemasango. Kushandiswa kwezvakasara zvemasango kunonyanya kufadza, sezvo kunobatsira kuderedza kuunganidza kwemafuta mumasango, kuderedza ngozi yemoto uye kuunza kukosha kwehupfumi kumaruwa.
Mukushaikwa kwemutengo wekabhoni wenyika, uyo vaongorori vanofunga kuti haufanirwe munguva pfupi mune dzimwe nyika, kurudziro yechikamu inoita basa rakakura. Matanho akadai serubatsiro akanangidzirwa pazvigayo zvesimbi kana mamwe maindasitiri anotora hydrogen-based process Vaigona kukurumidzira kuitwa kweBio-H₂ uye nekuvandudza zvakanyanya kuderedzwa kwehutsi.
Chidzidzo chacho chinoratidza kuti, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, iyo chaiyo rubatsiro Matanho akanangana nekudzikisa mitengo yekugashira haidrojeni muindasitiri anogona kutonyanya kushanda kupfuura mutengo wekabhoni wakajairwa mukufambisa shanduko kuenda kune yakaderera-kabhoni magetsi anotakura.
Zvinocherechedzwawo kuti, kunyangwe renewable-powered mvura electrolysis inopa mukana weiyo inenge isina emission-isina hydrogen, inotarisana nemiganhu yakakura, yakadai semutengo wepamusoro wemari, kuwanikwa kwevhu rekuti rivandudzwe, uye kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemvura. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, Bio-H₂ inobuda sea inopindirana mhinduro, kunyanya inobatsira munguva pfupi uye yepakati.
Zvakatorwa pamwechete, izvi zvakawanikwa zvinosimbisa pfungwa yekuti kushandura biowaste uye biomass kuita mavheji akadai serenewable hydrogen haingobatsiri kuvhara kabhoni, asi zvakare inovhura mikana mitsva ye circular bioeconomy munzvimbo dzine zviwanikwa zvakawanda.
Municipal bio-waste zvirimwa uye zvibvumirano zveveruzhinji-zvakavanzika
Pane imwe nhanho yenzvimbo, kuitwa kwezvigadziriso zvebiowaste zvinogadzira biogas uye biomethane kuri kugadzira zvibvumirano zvekubatana pakati pemanisiparati nemakambani akazvimirira. Muenzaniso unoratidza chibvumirano chiri kutariswa mudhorobha seColmenar Viejo, uko a kurapwa uye kupora chirimwa ye organic matter kubva muunganidzwa wakasarudzika.
Muchiitiko ichi, vanogadzira vanogadzira marara uye simba rinodzokororwa vachave nebasa rekugadzira, kuvaka, kushanda uye kugadzirisa kwenzvimbo, iyo inoshandura organic zvinhu kuita biogas. Mushure mekucheneswa, iyo biogas inoshandurwa kuita biomethane akakodzera jekiseni rakananga mubasic gasi pombi network, pamusoro pekugadzira ne-zvigadzirwa zvekushandisa pakurima.
Chirimwa ichi chichava nehupamhi hwekurapa kwe75.000 matani ebiowaste pagore uye ichagadzirwa nemaitiro akasimba ezvakatipoteredza: hapana slurry kana mhuka inosara ichagamuchirwa, uye basa richaitwa matunhu akavharwa uye akavharidzirwa akavharidzirwa uye hakuzovi nemadziva akavhurika, nokudaro kuderedza kunhuwa kwezvinonhuwa uye zvinogona kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza.
Chinhu chikuru chinodiwa nehurumende yemanisiparati chave kutsiva chekare vhura leachate dziva kuburikidza neyakavharwa uye yakavharwa sisitimu inotenderedza zviri mukati, kudzivirira chero njodzi yekupinza muvhu kana aquifers, uye kuvandudza kugamuchirwa kwevanhu kwechirimwa.
Kubva pamaonero ehupfumi, chibvumirano chinofanoona mari nekudzoka kwekanzuru yeguta ine chekuita nemitero yakaita seICIO, IAE kana IBI, mukuwedzera kune mamwe mabhenefiti akabatana ne mahara kana kuderedzwa manejimendi pachinzvimbo chekanzuru organic bato kare masevhisi emagetsi, akadai sekuzvigadzirira kwesimba rinogonekazve kare simba mabasa, akadai kupa mahara kudziyisa kuti maseta edzidzo nzvimbo.
Chirimwa ichi chichava nehupamhi hwekurapa kwe75.000 matani e-bio-waste pagore uye ichagadzirwa neinoganhurira maitiro ezvakatipoteredza: hapana slurry kana zvisaririra zvemhuka zvichagamuchirwa, basa richaitwa nemasekete akavharwa uye akavharirwa akavharirwa uye hakuzove nemadhamu akavhurika, nokudaro kuderedza kunhuwa kwekunhuhwirira uye zvinogona kuitika pane zvakatipoteredza.
Chinhu chikuru chinodiwa nehurumende yemanisiparati chave kutsiva chekare vhura leachate dziva kuburikidza neyakavharwa uye yakavharwa sisitimu inotenderedza zviri mukati, kudzivirira chero njodzi yekupinza muvhu kana aquifers, uye kuvandudza kugamuchirwa kwevanhu kwechirimwa.
Zvezvakatipoteredza, zvemagariro uye zvedzidzo padanho renzvimbo
Chibvumirano chechirimwa chitsva chebiowaste chinosanganisira seti ye kongiri zvinobatsira kune veruzhinji, kunze kwekungobata tsvina pachayo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa kwekirasi yezvakatipoteredza uko zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa uye ruzivo nezve bio-waste recycling uye hupfumi hwedenderedzwa huchagadzirirwa vagari, masangano, uye nzvimbo dzedzidzo.
Manetiweki ekuyera achaiswawo kunaka kwemweya Neanokwana masensa matatu akagovaniswa munharaunda yese, zvinogoneka kutarisa kusvibisa mazinga uye kusiyanisa munguva chaiyo. Ruzivo urwu ruchabatsira kune vese manejimendi uye kune veruzhinji, ichisimbisa kujeka maererano nekukanganisa kwechirimwa.
Kambani inosimudzira ichatorawo mari yekudzidziswa kwakasiyana, zvemagariro uye zvezvakatipoteredza, uye ichavhara kushandiswa kwegasi rechisikigo muzvikoro zvekanzuru, zvichiita kuchengetedza kwehupfumi zvakananga kuhomwe yemunharaunda nekusunungura zviwanikwa zvemamwe mabasa eruzhinji.
Imwe kuzvipira kwakakosha ndeyekubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo: miti ichasimwa yakatenderedza perimeter uye mukati mechirongwa, nechinangwa chekuvandudza kubatanidzwa kwekuona kwenzvimbo uye kubatsira kune carbon footprint offsetting zvinoenderana nebasa rayo. Pamusoro pezvo, kukoshesa kuchapihwa kuhaya vashandi venzvimbo, kusimudzira basa renzvimbo uye kusimbisa kubatana pakati pechirimwa nenharaunda.
Mukutaura kwekushanda, organic zvinhu zvakaunganidzwa mudhorobha zvichave nekutanga kupinda muchirimwa nemutengo we zero euros patani kusvika kune imwe muzana yehuwandu hwehuwandu, nekudaro kukurudzira kwakaringana kutambisa marara. kuparadzana panzvimbo nevagari uye kuderedza mari yekurapwa kukanzuru yeguta.
Biogenic CO₂: kubva kune gasi tsvina kune yakakosha sosi
Iyo anaerobic digestion yebiowaste inogadzira biogas ine inosvika 60% methane uye 40% carbon dioxide. biogenic CO₂Kuti uwane yakakwirira-kuchena biomethane (kupfuura 99%), zvinodikanwa kuparadzanisa magasi ese ari maviri kuburikidza nekuvandudza maitiro, ayo anoburitsa yakaomeswa kuyerera kwekabhoni dioxide iyo, kure nekuve marara, iri kuita chinhu chakakosha.
Kana yaparadzaniswa, iyo CO₂ inogona kuita mamwe maitiro ekuchenesa uye liquefactionliquefied CO₂ inoshandurwa kubva kune gasi kuenda kune yemvura mamiriro, kubvisa tsvina. Iyi liquefied CO₂ ine akawanda maindasitiri nekutengesa mashandisirwo, uye mashandisirwo ayo anowira mukati meiyo kabhoni yekutora uye kushandisa (CCU) nzira dzinoperekedza shanduko yesimba.
Pakati pezvakanyanya kusimbiswa zvekushandisa biogenic CO₂ kugadzirwa kwe zvinwiwa zvine kabhoni, kushandiswa kwayo mumagreenhouses kukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa, kuchengetedza chikafu uye mamwe mafiriji kana chando maitiro, seaya ejekiseni mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ehutano.
Kune zvakare epamberi maindasitiri ekushandisa, senge simbi kurapwa, yakaoma ice blasting, kana kushandiswa kwayo seyakagadzirwa kugadzirwa. mafuta ekugadzirasynthetic methane kana methanol, uye kunyange yakatsiga mafuta endege. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, CO₂ inosanganiswa muzvigadzirwa kana maitiro anoderedza kutsamira pane fossil kabhoni.
Kupfuura kushandiswa kwayo, imwe sarudzo ndeye geological kuchengetedza kana kuchengetedza mukuvaka zvinhu, uko iyo biogenic CO₂ yakagadziriswa kwenguva refu uye haidzokeri kumhepo. Iyi sarudzo inobvumira kusvibiswa kusina kunaka, sezvo CO₂ pakutanga inobva kumhepo (yakatorwa nemiti) uye, mushure mekutora kwayo, kudzokera kwayo kumhepo kunodziviswa.
Musiyano pakati pefossil CO₂ uye biogenic CO₂
Kuti tinzwisise kukosha kwemaitiro aya, zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati fossil CO₂ uye biogenic CO₂Fossil carbon dioxide inobudiswa apo mafuta akadai seoiri, gasi rechisikigo, kana marasha anopiswa, achiwedzera kabhoni itsva mumhepo yakapoteredza pasi, zvichiwedzera kusimba kwaro uye kuchitutsira kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze.
Biogenic CO₂, kune rumwe rutivi, chikamu che pfupi kabhoni kutendereraZvirimwa zvinotora CO₂ kubva mumhepo kuburikidza nephotosynthesis uye inoiisa mubiomass yavo. Kana iyo biomass inoora kana kugadziriswa (somuenzaniso, mune anaerobic digesters), CO₂ inodzokera kumhepo kana ivhu, kuvhara kutenderera kunokurumidza.
Kana tikabata nekushandisa iyi biogenic CO₂ muzvigadzirwa kana kuichengeta nenzira yakagadzikana, hatisi kuwedzera huwandu hweCO₂ mumhepo, asi pane kutonga kabhoni yaive yatove chikamu chezvisikwa. Ndiko kusaka mazhinji emhinduro idzi achitariswa yakaderera kana kunyange yakaipa kabhonikunze kwekunge hupenyu hwese hufambiswa zvakanaka.
Saka, kushandura biowaste kuita biogas inoshandisika, biomethane, biochar, Bio-H₂ kana biogenic CO₂ inoda hurongwa hwakakwana hwekuita. renewable carbon utilizationKubatanidza matekinoroji aya muhurongwa hweveruzhinji, mapurojekiti eindasitiri, uye zvibvumirano zvemuno zvinobvumira chaimbova dambudziko remarara kuti ive chinhu chesimba uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Iyi network yese yemapurojekiti, matekinoroji, uye zvibvumirano zvinoratidza kuti biowaste inogona kuve musimboti wechizvarwa chitsva chemhinduro kubva renewable carbon, umo inoshanda biochar, biomethane, biomass hydrogen uye yakakosheswa biogenic CO₂ inosanganiswa, ichigadzira panguva imwecheteyo kuderedza emission, mikana yehupfumi, hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji uye zvinobatika zvinobatsira munharaunda nevagari vayo.
