Sezvo munhu arikutsvaga masosi esimba anovandudzwa kuti ashandire seimwe nzira kune iyo zvisaririra, biofuels akaberekwa. Imwe yacho ndeye biomethane. Biomethane inomuka kubva ku biogas, iyo inowanikwa nekutenda kune akasiyana siyana substrates. Nekudaro, kuti ushandise iyi biogas, inofanira kucheneswa. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo biomethane inoberekwa.
Pasi apa, tinokuudza zvose pamusoro peizvi renewable biofuel uye kugona kwayo kuderedza kuburitswa uye kubatsira mukushanduka kwesimba.
Chii chinonzi biomethane uye inogadzirwa sei
Biomethane imhando yegasi rechisikigo dzokororo iyo inowanikwa kubva pakucheneswa kwebiogas, iyo inokonzerwa nekuparara kwemarara ehupenyu mukushayikwa kweokisijeni. Iri gasi ndiro rimwe remafossil fuels uye rine mukana wekudzikisa zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwegreenhouse gas.
El biogas, seyokutanga sosi, inogadzirwa kubva kune akasiyana biological substrates, senge marara ekurima (manyowa, zvirimwa zvekubata, mashanga), marara emaindasitiri uye epamba, pamwe netsvina yetsvina. Pamusoro peizvi, matekinoroji matsva ari kugadzirwa anosanganisira kushandiswa kwe hydrogen girini muPower-to-Gas process, iyo inowedzera huwandu hwemethane inogadzirwa.
Biogas inogadzirwa neanaerobic digestion yezvinhu izvi, mukuita uko oxygen isingapindire. Bhakitiriya rinokonzera kuora rinogadzira musanganiswa wegasi unoumbwa neanenge 50-75% methane (CH4), pamwe chete necarbon dioxide (CO2) uye zviduku zvemvura, nitrogen, oxygen uye hydrogen sulfide.
Kushandura biogas kuita biomethane, zvinodikanwa kubvisa yakawanda CO2 uye zvinosvibisa kuburikidza nekuchenesa maitiro. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti inoguma gasi, pamwe kuchena kuri pedyo ne96% methane, yakakodzera kushandiswa. Iyi nzira yekusimudzira inobvumira biomethane kuzadzisa zviyero zvegasi rechisikigo uye inogona kuitsiva zvachose kumaindasitiri, epamba uye nharembozha.
Zvishandiso nekusimudzira
Biomethane igasi rinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana rine maitiro akawanda. Nekuda kwekuumbwa kwayo kwakafanana negasi rechisikigo, inogona kushandiswa mune zvakafanana zvivakwa zvagara zviripo zvefossil gasi, zvichiita kuti ive mhinduro inoshanda yekuchinja kwesimba.
Pakati pe kunyanya kushandiswa kwebiomethane, inosimbisa kushandiswa kwayo kwe:
- Iyo jekiseni mumagasi egasi network, inoshandiswa kupisa, kugadzira magetsi kana kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri.
- El transport, sehuni mugasi rakadzvanywa (bioCNG) kana liquefied gasi (bioLNG) mota. Kushandiswa uku kunonyanya kubatsira, sezvo kuchidzikisa zvakanyanya CO2 uye kusvibisa particle kubudiswa kana ichienzaniswa nemafuta ezvicherwa.
La biomethane kusimudzira Iri muchokwadi chekuti kugadzirwa kwayo uye kushandiswa kunounza mwero wakanyanya kunaka wekuburitsa kupfuura gasi rechisikigo. Munguva yechizvarwa chayo, kuburitsa kwakanyanya kunodzivirirwa, sezvo tsvina inoshandiswa seyakabikwa haiburitse methane isingadzoreki mumhepo. Mukuwedzera, digestate, byproduct yeanaerobic digestion, inogona kushandiswa se organic fertilizer, iyo inobvumira kuvhara kutenderera kwezvokudya uye kudzivisa kushandiswa kwemafuta ekugadzira.
Kushandisa digestates kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kusvika 13 kg ye CO2 patani yefotereza yakagadzirwa. Izvi hazvibatsiri zvakatipoteredza chete, asiwo varimi vekurima vanogona kuderedza mari inobatanidza nefotereza, zvichibatsira mukusimudzira hupfumi hwedenderedzwa.
Zvakanakira kushandiswa kwayo
Biomethane inopa kukwikwidza uye zvakatipoteredza zvakanakira izvo zvinozvipa sechisarudzo chinoshanda mukurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze:
- Kuderedza emission: Nekutsiva mafuta efossil, biomethane inobatsira zvakanyanya kuderedza kubuda kwecarbon dioxide nemamwe magasi egreenhouse.
- Hunhu hwemhepo hwakavandudzwa: Yakaderera NOx uye particle emissions zvichienzaniswa nemafuta ezvicherwa, kuvandudza hutano hweveruzhinji munzvimbo dzemumaguta.
- Kuzvimirira kwesimba: Neiyi biofuel, nyika dzinogona kuderedza kutsamira kwadzo pakutenga gasi rinobva kunze, dzichigadzira simba munharaunda kubva mumarara.
Pamusoro pezvo, biomethane inogona kugadzira basa, kunyanya kumaruwa. Kuvakwa uye kushanda kwezvirimwa zvebiomethane zvinoda kushanda, izvo zvinobatsira kusimbisa hupfumi hwenzvimbo uye kuvandudza kusimba munzvimbo dzekurima.
Iyo biomethane inogadzirwa sei muEurope
Parizvino, nyika zhinji dzeEurope dziri kubheja pabiomethane sechikamu chekuchinja kwesimba ravo. Zvose zve 15 nyika dzeEuropean Union vanoshingaira kugadzira uye kushandisa biomethane.
Chimwe chekushandiswa kukuru muEurope kugadzirwa kwekupisa uye magetsi kuburikidza nekubatana (CHP), asi kushandiswa kwayo semafuta ekufambisa kuri kukura nokukurumidza. MuSweden, semuenzaniso, biomethane inotopfuura gasi rechisikigo mumusika wemafuta emotokari, uye Germany yakaona kukura kwakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura.
Pakazosvika 2020, zvaifungidzirwa kuti kugadzirwa kwebiogas muEurope kwaizopfuura 14 bhiriyoni cubic metres, yakaenzana nehuwandu hwegasi remusikirwo. Kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa uku hakuna kukanganisa kurima kwakatsaurirwa kugadzirwa kwechikafu, sezvo kushandiswa kwemadigestites kwaita kuti zvikwanise kudzoreredza zvinovaka muviri nekuvandudza kutenderera kwezvirimwa.
Kusundira kwebiomethane muEurope kunotsigirwa nemitemo yakaita sehurongwa hweREPowerEU, iyo yakaisa chinangwa chikuru chekugadzira. 35.000 miriyoni cubic metres yebiomethane pagore panosvika 2030. Izvi zvinoratidza kuzvipira kweEurope kukuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Biomethane yave sarudzo yakasimba yekudzikisa kutsamira kune gasi rekunze, kuvandudza mhepo uye kubatsira mukusimudzira hupfumi hwemaruwa. Mitemo yeEurope yakanangana nekuwedzera kwemagasi anogona kuvandudzwa, pamwe nekufambira mberi mukuvandudza tekinoroji, inoratidza kuti biofuel iyi ichaita basa rakakosha mune ramangwana resimba rekondinendi.