Nhasi kune nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzira simba kubva mumarara emarudzi ese. Kushandiswa kwemarara sezviwanikwa kugadzira simba inzira yakanaka yekuchengetedza pane zvakabikwa uye kuderedza kutsamira pamafuta efossil, ayo anomiririra dambudziko rakakura rezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwekubuda kwavo kwekabhoni dhaikisaidhi.
Muenzaniso weizvi ndewe mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), mhuka inoparadza munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzepasi, kunyanya muAfrica, Australia uye zvimwe zvitsuwa zviri muPacific Ocean. Kunyange zvazvo chirimwa ichi chiri ngozi kumarudzi enzvimbo idzi, vatsvakurudzi vekuNigeria vakawana nzira itsva yekuishandisa: kugadzirwa kwebiogas. Nekusanganisa madonhwe ehuku nemarara ezuva rekuMexico, vakakwanisa kuvandudza kushanda kweiyo biogas inogadzirwa.
Gadzira biogas uye uvandudze kushanda zvakanaka
Kugadzirwa kwebiogas kubva kumadonhwe ehuku uye maringazuva eMexico chinhu chakanakira. Kune rimwe divi, marara anobva kumapurazi ehuku anoshandiswa, kuderedza kusvibiswa kwazvinoita. Nekune rimwe divi, dambudziko rakakosha rezvakatipoteredza riri kurwiswa: kutonga kwemarudzi anokanganisa akadai sesunflower yekuMexico, inobvisa maruva emunharaunda.
Zvidzidzo zvekugadzirwa kwebiogas kubva mumarara ezvirimwa nemhuka zvakange zvatoitwa muNigeria neChina. Kiyi yezvidzidzo izvi ndeye kubatana-kugaya, ndiko kuti, kushandiswa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emarara kuti awedzere kugadzirwa kwebiogas. Muchiitiko ichi, zvidzidzo zvakaitwa neLandmark University uye Covenant University muNigeria, yakaburitswa mujenari Simba & Mafuta, simbisai kuti sunflower yekuMexico ine simba guru rekugadzira biogas kana yasanganiswa nendove yeshiri uye yakagadziriswa kare.
Kutora mukana wemusanganiswa uyu kune zvakapetwa kaviri nekuti kunobatsira kubata tsvina kubva kumapurazi ehuku uye kumisa kuwanda kwechirimwa chinoonekwa sechinokanganisa munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi. Maererano nenyanzvi, Sunflower yeMexico inobvisa marudzi enzvimbo uye inokanganisa nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzakasikwa, zvinomiririra ngozi huru kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu zvenharaunda dzine ngozi.
Pre-kurapa: Kiyi yekuvandudza kugona
Co-kugayiwa kwemarara haizi nzira itsva, asi ongororo dzichangoburwa dzakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwe thermo-alkaline pre-kurapa pamberi anaerobic digestion zvakanyanya kunatsiridza biogas goho. Kurapa kusati kwaitwa uku kunosanganisira kuisa marara kune tembiricha yakakwira uye chaiyo alkalinity mamiriro, ayo anofambisa kuparara kwezvinhu zvakaoma organic zvinhu uye kuwedzera huwandu hwemethane inogadzirwa, chikamu chikuru chebiogas.
Chidzidzo muNigeria chakagumisa kuti kuita kwebiogas kwakavandudzwa kusvika 54,44% nekuda kwekushandiswa kwekurapa uku kuenzaniswa nemarara asina kuita maitiro akafanana. Kureva kuti, huwandu hwesimba hwakawanikwa hwakakura zvakanyanya pakashandiswa pre-kurapwa, chimwe chinhu chakakosha kana tichida kukwidziridza mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa izvi pakugadzira simba nekabhoni yakaderera.
Kuti uwane mhedzisiro iyi, chiyero chesimba chakaitwa kuti chione kana simba rakaiswa muchirongwa ichi raive shoma pane rakawanikwa pakupera kwayo. Iyo data yakaratidza a positive energy balance, zvinoreva kuti nzira yacho inobatsira. Simba rakadzokororwa rakapfuura nekure simba rakashandiswa mukurapwa kusati kwaitwa, zvose zviri muchimiro chesimba rinopisa neremagetsi.
Kukosha kwemarara ehuku mukugadzirwa kwebiogas
ari marara ehuku Dzinoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwebiogas kana yasanganiswa nezvinomera zvakaita sesunflower yekuMexico. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti madonhwe aya ane kudya kunovaka muviri uko kukasabatwa zvakanaka kunogona kukanganisa nharaunda. Pakati pezvinosvibisa izvi pane mahomoni, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, heavy metal uye zvinovaka muviri iyo inogona kupinda muvhu nemvura, zvichikonzera matambudziko ekusvibiswa.
Kushandisa rudzi urwu rwemarara kugadzira biogas kwete chete kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuunganidza kwayo, asi inopawo mhinduro inobatsira uye yakagadzikana yekugadzira simba. Asi chimwe chezvakanyanya kuwanikwa ndezvekuti kunyange madonhwe ehuku ari oga asina pundutso, kusanganiswa kwayo nezvinomera, kufanana nesunflower yekuMexico, inowedzera zvakanyanya purofiti yayo.
Kukanganisa kwezvirimwa zvinopinda mune mamwe matunhu
Kushandiswa kwezvirimwa zvinopinda mukugadzirwa kwebiogas hakusi kuNigeria chete. Mune dzimwe nyika dzakaita seMexico neTaiwan, nzira dzekushandisa dzakasiyana siyana dzinopinda mumhepo kugadzira mafuta ebiofuel dziri kuongororwawo. Muenzaniso ndewe camalote kana hyacinth yemvura (Eichhornia crassipes), imwe mhuka inoparadza inokura nokukurumidza mumitumbi yemvura. Mhando yemiti iyi iri kushandiswa kugadzira biomethane y ethanol, inopa mhinduro yemunharaunda uye inoenderera kune dambudziko repasi rose.
Kushandiswa kwezvirimwa zvinopinda zvinomiririra mukana wakasarudzika wekugadzirisa dambudziko rekusvibiswa kwezvirimwa uye, panguva imwe chete, gadzira simba rakachena. Izvi zvinomera zvinogona kukura pasina kudiwa kwekutonga kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ive inokwanisika uye yakawanda sosi yebiomass.
Mimwe mienzaniso yekubatana-kugaya: Fekitari mapurazi muEurope
MuEurope, kunyanya kuSpain, zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvebiogas zvakaitwa pachishandiswa marara kubva mumapurazi emaindasitiri. Munzvimbo dzakaita seCastilla-La Mancha, uko kusvibiswa kwemvura nematope idambudziko riri kukura, zvidyarwa zvebiogas zvakashandiswa kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvakadaro, zvirimwa izvi zvizhinji zviri kuramba zvichisangana nematambudziko akaita sekuda kupinza marara kubva kune mamwe matunhu uye kudhura kwekutakura marara.
Zvisineyi nezvimhingamipinyi izvi, biogas yaratidza kuti inokwanisa kugadzirisa marara nemamwe marara kubva mukupfuya zvipfuyo zvakanyanya, izvo zvingave zvichisvibisa zvakanyanya.
Mumanisipala akadai Balsa de Ves, pakaiswa gwenya rebiogas makore gumi apfuura, huwandu hwevanhu hwadzikira nekuda kwekuiswa kwemapurazi makuru aya, zvichiratidza kuti kunyangwe tekinoroji yebiogas ichishanda, kukanganisa munharaunda nehupfumi kunofanirwawo kutariswa.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzira biogas inoshanda
Kubudirira kwekugadzirwa kwebiogas kunoenderana nezvakawanda zvinhu:
- Kutarisira tsvina: Ita garandi yenguva dzose kuyerera kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa.
- Pre-kurapa: Anaerobic digestion inovandudza zvakanyanya kana kurapa kwekutanga kunoitwa.
- Energy balance: Zvakakosha kuti chiyero chesimba chakanaka chiwanikwe kuitira kuti purojekiti iwane pundutso.
- Kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza: Batanidza maitiro anoderedza kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse uye zvinosvibisa.
Pakupedzisira, kusanganiswa kwetsvina yezvirimwa nemhuka inodhura-inoshanda, yezvisikwa uye inoshanda mhinduro yekugadzira biogas. Sezvo zvidzidzo zvakawanda sezvakaitwa kuNigeria neChina zvichiramba zvichiratidza kugona kwayo, nzira iyi ingangowedzera kune mamwe matunhu ane matambudziko akafanana.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose apo kudzikisira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri pamberi, biogas inopa imwe nzira inogoneka kune mafuta efossil, uku ichigadzirisa mamwe matambudziko akakosha ezvakatipoteredza sekutonga kwezvipenyu zvinopinda.
Zvave zvinobatsira zvikuru.Humanity kushaya ecological culture.Ndatenda