Argentina Ndiyo imwe yenyika huru uye inomira pachena nebudiriro yayo muchikamu chezvekurima. Zvakadaro, sezviri kuitika munyika zhinji dzine nzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzakakura, nzvimbo zhinji dziri kure nemaguta uye nokudaro dzinosangana nematambudziko ekuwana mabasa akakosha senge. chiedza, magetsi, gasi nekunwa mvura.
Takatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, tekinoroji yakakosha yakatanga kushandiswa makumi mashoma emakore apfuura: biodigesters. Mumakore achangopfuura, kushandiswa kwavo kwakakura zvakanyanya mumaruwa, kunyanya nekuda kwekureruka kwekuita uye hupfumi uye nharaunda zvikomborero zvavanopa. Biodigesters yave chikamu chakakosha chekutonga marara mumapurazi emukaka, mapurazi uye mamwe mabhizinesi ekurima muArgentina.
Chii chinonzi Biodigester?
Iyo biodigester mudziyo unobata tsvina yemhuka kana yechirimwa kugadzira zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha: biogas and the biofertilizer. Nekuisa tsvina yakaita semupfudze kana zvisaririra zvezvirimwa mukati mebiodigester, pasi penzvimbo yakavharwa uye isina oxygen (anaerobic digestion process), mabhakitiriya anoora organic matter, achigadzira biogas nefetereza ine kudya kunovaka muviri.
Iyo biogasi inogadzirwa musanganiswa wemagasi, kunyanya methane (CH4) uye carbon dioxide (CO2), iyo inogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: kubika, kupisa mvura, uye kugadzira magetsi uchishandisa gasi jenareta. Iri gasi rakafanana negasi rechisikigo uye rinogona kuchengetwa kana kushandiswa pakarepo.
Iyo yakasimba kana yemvura inosara inosara mushure mekugaya ndiyo inonzi biofertilizer. Uku kusvibiswa kwakapfuma munitrogen, phosphorus uye potasium, izvo zvinoita kuti ive fetereza yakanaka kwazvo yevhu rekurima, ichiwedzera goho rezvirimwa.
Mabhenefiti eBiodigesters Munyika yeArgentina
MuArgentina, ma biodigester haangogadzirise matambudziko ekutonga marara munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, asi anopa nhevedzano yezvakanakira zvakakosha zvinotsanangura mukurumbira wavo uri kukura. Heano mamwe emabhenefiti anonyanya kukosha:
- Kugadzirwa kwebiogas kune multifunctional kushandiswa: Ichishandisa tsvina yemhuka nechirimwa, mabiodigester anogadzira biogas, inogona kushandiswa kubika, kudziyisa dzimba uye kunyange kugadzira magetsi madiki.
- Kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza: Nekudzikisa huwandu hwemarara anopedzisira apinda mumarara kana marara, unoderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi egreenhouse semethane, ayo ane simba rakapetwa ka25 pakupisa kwepasi zvichienzaniswa neCO2.
- Natural fertilizer: Iyo byproduct yebiodigester ndeye biofertilizer inogona kudzoserwa kumunda kupfumisa ivhu rekurima, kudzivirira kushandiswa kwemakemikari fetiraiza.
- Kuzvimirira kwesimba: Kumaruwa uko kuwana magetsi kwakaganhurirwa kana kuti kusipo, biodigester inopa yakavimbika sosi yesimba rinowanikwazve.
Aya mabhenefiti ave achizivikanwa zvakanyanya mune mamwe mativi enyika. Kunyika dzakaita seGermany neBrazil, kushandiswa kwema<em>biodigester kwakasimukira zvikuru kumaruwa, kugadzira magetsi, biogas nefetereza isingadhuri izvo zvinobatsira mukusimudzira makwikwi echikamu chekurima.
Kuitwa kweBiodigesters muArgentina
MuArgentina, biodigesters iri kuwedzera kushandiswa mumapurazi emukaka, mapurazi enguruve uye mamwe mabasa ekurima. Zvinonzi munyika mune masisitimu emhando iyi anodarika makumi mashanu akagoverwa mumatunhu akasiyana. Nekudaro, huwandu uhu huri kuramba huchiwedzera sezvo vagadziri vava kuziva nezvehupfumi uye nharaunda mabhenefiti avanopa.
Mari yekuisa biodigester inosiyana zvichienderana nehukuru uye huwandu, asi kazhinji, iyo mutengo-yebhenefiti reshiyo yakanaka kwazvo, sezvo ichizvibhadharira mumakore mashoma nekuda kwekuchengetwa kwesimba rekuisa uye fetiraiza.
Nyaya dzekubudirira muArgentina
Mumaruwa madhorobha akadai Los Pinos, taundi diki rine vagari vasingangoita mazana matatu, chirimwa chebiogas chaitwa chinoshandura tsvina yekurima kuita simba uye biofertilizers. Kubatana uku pakati penharaunda, INTA, CONICET neINTI kwakabvumira kuti biogas inogadzirwa kuti ishandiswe kupa magetsi kune zvakakosha zvakadai sepombi dzemvura yekunwa uye chiedza chevanhu.
Mumwe muenzaniso unowanikwa mune Monje Agricultural and Livestock Cooperative mudunhu reSanta Fe. Mushandirapamwe uyu unoshandisa biodigester yakaiswa muna 2018 kurapa tsvina kubva kupurazi renguruve nekuishandura kuita biogas uye biofertilizers. Iyo biogas yakagadzira masimba injini inogadzira magetsi echirimwa chemafuta nemimwe michina yemushandirapamwe. Iyi biodigester yakabatsirawo mukuderedza zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwemethane mudunhu iri.
Biodigester inoshanda sei?
A biodigester inoshanda kuburikidza nekuora kweanaerobic. Izvi zvinoreva kuti organic matter, semarara emhuka (manyowa) kana marara echirimwa (goho residue), inoora nemabhakitiriya munzvimbo isina oxygen. Iyi nzira inoburitsa biogas uye inosiya mvura uye yakasimba biofertilizer semarara.
Kuiswa kwebiodigester kunosanganisira zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru:
- Digestion chamber: Iri ndiro hermetically rakavharwa tangi uko organic tsvina inoiswa pamwe nemvura kuti itange maitiro ekuora.
- Biogas yekuchengetedza imba: Mabhakitiriya paanoparadza nyaya yacho, methane inoburitswa yochengetwa mukamuri yepamusoro kuti ishandiswe gare gare.
- Biofertilizer yakabuda: Mushure mekunge kugaya kwapera, biofertilizer inotorwa kubva mubiodigester kuti ishandiswe muminda yekurima.
Nguva inodiwa kugadzira biogas mukati mebiodigester inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwetsvina inoshandiswa uye tembiricha, asi kazhinji inotora mazuva ari pakati pe15 ne40.
Mhando dzeBiodigesters Munyika yeArgentina
Kune akati wandei marudzi emabiodigester akakodzera mhando dzakasiyana dzekurima. Zvimwe zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvi:
- Small scale biodigesters: Aya akanakira mapurazi emhuri kana madiki madiki. Kugona kwayo kunokwanisa kugadzira biogas yakakwana yekubikisa kana kudziyisa.
- Mabiodigester epakati uye makuru: Iyo inoshandiswa mumapurazi ezvipfuyo uye mapurazi makuru emukaka umo kugadzirwa kwemarara emhuka kwakakwirira. Hunhu hwayo hunoibvumira kuburitsa simba rakakwana rekugonesa zvimisikidzo zvakakura, semidziyo yemagetsi nemapombi.
Munzvimbo dzakadai sepurovhinzi yeBuenos Aires, Entre Ríos neSanta Fe, mapurazi akawanda enguruve anotoshandisa biodigester pamwero mukuru. Panyaya yezvicherwa zvine vanaamai vanopfuura chiuru, sekuMarcos Paz, simba rinogadzirwa nebiogas rinogadzirwa rinokwana kusimbisa nzvimbo yese.
Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza
Kushandiswa kwebiodigester kunewo kukanganisa kukuru kune zvakatipoteredza. Aya masisitimu akaratidzwa kuderedza zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse, kunyanya methane, iyo inoburitswa yakawanda nekuora tsvina yeorganic kana ikaiswa munzvimbo dzakashama kana mumadhamu.
Pamusoro pezvo, nekubata tsvina nemazvo, zvinobatsira mukuvandudza kunaka kwemhepo nemvura mumaruwa, kuderedza kuwanda kwezvipembenene uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemvura ine leachate.
Chekupedzisira, kushandiswa kwebiofertilizers kunogadzira kutenderera kwakanaka mukurima, kuderedza kutsamira pamakemikari fetiraiza uye kusimudzira maitiro akasimba evhu.
Pakazere, mabiodigester muArgentina ari kuita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira kurima kwakasimba uku achipa mhinduro dzinoshanda kumaruwa asina simba. Nerutsigiro rwakakodzera, zvese maererano nemari nemitemo yeruzhinji, tekinoroji iyi inogona kuve yakakosha mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakakura zvekusimudzira uye kuzviriritira muchikamu chezvekurima chenyika.