Kuti tidzivise kushandiswa kwemafuta anowedzera kuwedzera kudziya kwepasi nekuda kwekuburitsa gasi inokanganisa kupisa, kutsvagisa nekuvandudza kweimwe mhando yesimba remamwe magetsi kuri kuitwa, senge masimba anovandudzwa senge atinovaziva. Kune akawanda marudzi esimba rinowedzerwazve: zuva, mhepo, geothermal, hydroelectric, biomass, nezvimwe. Simba rinobva ku biofuels, senge biodiesel, isimba rinogonekazve rinowanikwa kubva kune organic zvinhu zvinogona kutsiva fossil. Biodiesel kana fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) inogona kugadzirwa kubva kwakasiyana mafuta nemafuta kuburikidza ne esterification process, kusanganisira rapeseed, sunflower, soya beans, uye walnuts. Unogonawo kushandisa mafuta ekubikisa akashandiswa uye mafuta emhuka. Maitiro acho anotanga nekubvisa mafuta kubva mumiti ine mafuta uye kuisa pasi kune transesterification. Iwe unoda kuziva zvakawanda nezve biodiesel? Pano tinotsanangura zvose zvakadzama.
Kukosha kwe biofuels
Kubva pakaitika shanduko yemaindasitiri, vanhu vakavimba zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kwemafuta emafuta, marasha, uye gasi rechisikigo. Mafuta aya anga ari akakosha mukusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika, asi zvaasingakwanisi zvinoonekwa. Ari kukurumidza kupera uye kushandiswa kwawo kwakanyanya kunobatsira mukudziya kwepasi, achiburitsa huwandu hukuru hwemagasi egreenhouse, akadai secarbon dioxide (CO2), ayo anowedzera tembiricha yepasi.Takatarisana nezvipimo izvi, biofuel inobuda semhinduro yakachena uye inogona kudzokororwa. Kusiyana neoiri, iyo inotora mamirioni emakore kuumba, biofuels inogadzirwa kubva kuchirimwa biomass mune mapfupi, akasimba kutenderera. Uyezve, Chero chirimwa chinoshandiswa kugadzira biofuel chinogona kudyarwa patsva, zvichiita kuti simba iri rive rakagadzikana munguva refu. Mabiofuel anozivikanwa zvikuru ethanol uye biodiesel.
Chii chinonzi biodiesel?
Biodiesel ibiofuel inogadzirwa kubva kumafuta matsva kana akashandiswa emiriwo, pamwe nemamwe mafuta emhuka. Nekuda kwekukura kwayo kukuru, iri kugadzirwa pasi rose uye ine mukana wekuve mafuta anogona kuvandudzwa uye anogona kupiswa. Biodiesel inonyanya kushandiswa mumajini anomhanya padhiziri, uye chinhu chakanakisa ndechekuti injini dzakawanda dzinogona kuishandisa pasina kuita shanduko huru. MuUnited States, semuenzaniso, indasitiri diki asi iri kukura yakabvumira mamwe maservice station kupa biodiesel musanganiswa. Nekudaro, ekare injini dzedhiziri dzingada kumwe kugadzirisa kwehunyanzvi kugadzirisa biodiesel mune yayo yakachena fomu.
Iyo biodiesel inoumbwa sei
Nzira yekuwana biodiesel inosanganisira kubviswa kwemafuta kubva mumiti yemafuta yakaita sesunflower kana rapeseed. Kana mafuta angowanikwa, anoenda kune transesterification process, umo methanol uye catalyst inowedzerwa kushandura triglycerides kuita fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), inova hwaro hwebiodiesel. Mafuta aya ane zvakanakira zvakawanda, senge ayo simba guru rekuzora, iyo inopfuura nokure iya yefossil diesel. Uyezve, kana yakasanganiswa nefossil dhiziri muzvikamu zvakasiyana (kubva pa5% kusvika ku100%), inogona kunatsiridza injini kushanda, nekuda kwechimiro chayo chekuva mafuta eokisijeni, kureva kuti, ine okisijeni mukuumbwa kwayo.
Zvakanakira uye kuipa kwekushandisa biodiesel
Kufanana nechero imwe simba remagetsi, biodiesel ine zvese zvakanakira uye nekuipira. Tevere, tinoongorora iwo makuru:
Zvakanakira zvebiodiesel
- Kuderedzwa kwemagasi anosvibisa. Kuenzaniswa nefossil diesel, biodiesel inoderedza zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwe CO2, kabhoni monoxide uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa.
- Inobva kune renewable raw materials. Rapeseed, sunflower kana kunyange mafuta ekufeya anoshandiswa ndiwo akasimba ekugadzira kwavo.
- Es biodegradable uye isiri chepfu, izvo zvinoreva kuti kana pakaitika kurasika kwetsaona, inokanganisa nharaunda zvishoma pane zvefossil.
- Inobvumira kushandiswa kwe zvirimwa zvakasara.
- Haina sulfur, iyo inobatsira kudzivirira mvura yeasidhi.
Kuipa kwebiodiesel
- Lower kudziyisa kukosha. Rimwe litre yebiodiesel ine simba shoma pane fossil diesel, iyo inogona kukanganisa injini kushanda.
- Solidification pane yakaderera tembiricha. Munzvimbo dzinotonhora, biodiesel inogona kusimba, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kushandisa.
- Su kugadzirwa kukuru zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwekutema miti uye kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwevhu rekurima.
- El mutengo we biodiesel Ichiri yakakwirira kudarika yedhiziri yechinyakare.
Ikozvino uye inogona kushandiswa mune ramangwana rebiodiesel
Biodiesel yakatoshandiswa mukufambisa, kunyanya mumabhazi nemarori anotakura zvinhu anoshanda mumaguta. Zvakadaro, kushandiswa kwayo kuri kudzidzwawo muindasitiri yendege neyemugungwa, pamwe nemumajenareta emagetsi kumaruwa. Munguva pfupi iri kutevera, biodiesel inogona kuita basa rakakosha mukushanduka kwesimba, zvichibatsira kudzikisira kutsamira pamafuta efossil uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kufambira mberi mukugadzirwa kwayo, kushandisa mafuta akadzokororwa uye zvitubu zvitsva senge algae, zvinogona kuita kuti biodiesel iwedzere kushanda uye inogadzikana. Iri renewable simba sosi rinogona kuve rakakosha mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, chero zvimhingamipinyi zviripo maererano nemutengo uye kugadzira zvinogona kukundwa.