COP29, iyo inonyanya kukosha mamiriro ekunze e2024, yakatanga muBaku, Azerbaijan. Chiitiko ichi, chakarongwa pasi pemubatanidzwa weUnited Nations, chinounganidza vamiriri venyika zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe, nechinangwa chikuru kusvika pachibvumirano chezvemari yemamiriro ekunze zvinodiwa kutarisana nemigumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Gore rino, imwe yepakati madingindira ndeye nzira yekugovera mari uye ndiani anofanira kuisa mari patafura, netarisiro chaiyo kune hupfumi hwakanyanya kutambudzika hunotambura nemhedzisiro yekudziya kwepasi zvakanyanya zvakananga.
Mamiriro emusangano uyu haasi iwo anonyanya kunaka. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti 2024 richava gore rinodziya zvakanyanya munhoroondo yakanyorwa, kupfuura iyo inotyiwa ye1,5º C kuwedzera kweavhareji tembiricha yepasirese zvichienzaniswa neasati atanga maindasitiri. Chikumbaridzo ichi, icho Chibvumirano cheParis chakaona sekiyi yekudzivisa njodzi huru yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, chinoita sechichapfuura.
Basa guru rezvemari yemamiriro ekunze
Mari yemamiriro ekunze ndiyo nyaya yenyeredzi muBaku. Musangano uyu wadaidzwa kunzi "COP yezvemari" nekuti nhaurirano dzakatenderedza New Quantified Collective Objective, iyo inoda kuwedzera mipiro yenyika dzakabudirira kune avo vanotambura zvakanyanya. Parizvino, chibvumirano chiri kushanda kubvira 2015 chakavimbisa kuunganidza mabhiriyoni zana emadhora pagore, asi muganho iwoyo waratidza kuti hauna kukwana.
ZveCOP29, mari inotarisirwa kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Maererano neUN, nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzichada madhora mabhiriyoni 1,1 gore negore kubva muna 2025, uye nhamba yacho inogona kusvika 1,8 trillion panosvika 2030. European Union iri kutungamira kuedza munzvimbo iyi, ichitarisira kubatanidzwa semubatsiri anokosha mukurwisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. .
Zvisinei, gakava racho harigumiri pakuunganidza mari. Zvakakoshawo kusarudza Mari ichafambiswa sei uye kuti ichagoverwa kunyika dzipi. Nyika dziri kumaodzanyemba kwepasirese ndidzo dzinodaidzira kugovaniswa kwakanaka kwezviwanikwa, nepo masimba akaita seUnited States neJapan achikurudzira kubatanidza mari yakazvimirira kudzikisa kutsamira pamari yeruzhinji.
Kusavapo kukuru munhaurirano yemamiriro ekunze
Musangano uyu watanga nekusavapo kwakakosha izvo zvinogona kukanganisa nhaurirano. Mutungamiri weUnited States, VaJoe Biden, kana mutsivi wavo, VaDonald Trump (vachangobva kusarudzwa musarudzo) havana kupinda. Panzvimbo paBiden, John Podesta, chipangamazano wepamusoro weWashington wemamiriro ekunze, anotungamira nhumwa dzeUS. Vladimir Putin naXi Jinping, vatungamiri veRussia neChina, vachange vasipo., izvo zvinowedzera kusava nechokwadi kune zvibvumirano zvingasvikwa.
Kusavapo kwevatungamiriri vane simba vakadaro kwaunza kunetseka pakati pevanonyanya kuita shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Pane kutya kuti kushaikwa kwavo kwekuzvipira mu-munhu kunogona kuderedza kufambira mberi kunodiwa kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirisa kwenguva refu. Kusiyana neizvi, vatungamiriri vakaita saPedro Sánchez, Mutungamiriri weSpain, vachange varipo kuti vape muhurukuro, uye vanotarisirwa kuita basa rinoshanda mukuita sarudzo.
Dambudziko rekuchengeta kudziya kuri pasi pe1,5°C
Rimwe rematambudziko makuru eCOP29 ndiko kuwana a mhinduro inoshanda iyo inokwanisa kuchengetedza kuwedzera kwekushisa kwepasirese pasi pe1,5 °C. Mishumo ichangoburwa kubva kumasangano epasi rose akadai seCopernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) yatoratidza kuti nyika ichapfuura chikumbaridzo ichi muna 2024. Chokwadi ichi, chakawedzera kuwedzera kwezviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya semadutu, mafashamo uye mafungu ekupisa , inoita kuti kukurumidza kwezvibvumirano izvi kuve pachena kupfuura nakare kose.
Zvisinei, mitemo yazvino haina kukwana. Simon Stiell, munyori mukuru weUN Climate Change, akataura kuti kudziya kwepasi kuri kuramba kuchikwira kusvika pa3°C, izvo zvingave zvichishungurudza vanhu nepasi. Vatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, nyanzvi dzinoda kuti nyika dzanyanya kusvibisa, kusanganisira dzisiri masimba, dziwedzere zvisungo zvadzo zvemamiriro ekunze.
Concrete zviito kudzivirira njodzi dzemamiriro ekunze
COP29 ichatsvagawo zvibvumirano zvekongiri kuti kuderedza gasi rinokanganisa kupisa kuburikidza nekuwedzera kweNationally Determined Contributions (NDC). Nyika dzine shungu zvikuru dzinodaidzwa kuti dziratidze hurongwa hutsva hwemamiriro ekunze kumusangano unotevera, uyo uchaitirwa kuBrazil.
Uyezve, COP29 ichatarisa pane zvakatokurukurwa Kurasikirwa uye Kukuvadzwa Fund, rakagadzirirwa kupa tsigiro yemari kunyika dzakanyanya kutambudzwa nenjodzi dzemamiriro ekunze. Homwe iyi, iyo yakasikwa yakatenderwa kuCOP27, ichine zvakawanda zvekutsanangura maererano nemashandiro uye mari. Bhanga repasi rose radomwa kuve maneja wenguva pfupi yapfuura, kunyangwe sarudzo iyi yanga isina kutsoropodzwa, kunyanya kubva kumarudzi ari kumaodzanyemba kwepasirese asingavimbe nesangano.
Pakupedzisira, masangano ezvakatipoteredza anosimbirira izvozvo chiyero chezvino chekudzikisa kuburitswa hachina kukwana. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyika, dzakaita seEuropean Union, dzakapa hurongwa hwakasimba hwegore ra2050, mishumo yeUnited Nations ichangoburwa inoratidza kuti, kana matanho akasimba akasatorwa, pasi richasangana nekuwedzera kuri pakati pe2,6, 3,1 neXNUMX madhigirii panopera zana remakore. Izvi zvinounza njodzi iri pedyo kumamiriyoni evanhu uye ecosystems.
COP29 muBaku ichaita sarudzo muhondo yepasi rose yekurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kunyanya mugore umo marekodhi ekushisa uye mamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa anotarisirwa. Nyika padzinenge dzichitaurirana nezvezvisungo zvekudzikisa mari nekubuda kwehutsi, pasi rose rinotarisisa, richiziva kuti musangano uyu unogona kuratidza shanduko mukuedza kwevanhu kudzikamisa mhedzisiro yekudziya kwepasirese.