Dambudziko idzva rezvematongerwo enyika pamwe nekukwira kwemitengo yemagetsi zvakavhurazve gakava muEurope iro vazhinji vaifunga kuti rakagadziriswa: basa resimba renyukireya mukusanganiswa kwesimba. Munyaya iyi, Mutungamiriri weEuropean Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, abvuma pachena kuti Kusiya simba renyukireya kwaive kukanganisa kukuru kuEuropean Union, shoko rinoratidza kuchinja kukuru kubva pamutsetse wakakunda mushure metsaona yeFukushima.
Sezvo mitengo yemafuta nemafuta ichikwira zvakare nekuda kwehondo muMiddle East uye kusawirirana muPersian Gulf, Brussels iri kuedza kuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwekupa uye kukwikwidzana kwemaindasitiri ayo. Kune Commission, musanganiswa wesimba renyukireya nesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa Iye zvino yava kubuda senzira huru yekuderedza kuvimba nemafuta anotengwa kunze kwenyika uye kudzikamisa mitengo yemagetsi.
"Yaiva chikanganiso chakakosha": Von der Leyen achinja maonero ake nezvesimba renyukireya
In the Musangano weNyukireya weSimba reNyukireya waitirwa muParisPamusangano wakarongwa neFrance neInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Von der Leyen akataura pachena kuti EU yakanga yakanganisa kuderedza zvakanyanya basa resimba renyukireya mumagetsi ayo. Akayeuka, Muna 1990, chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemagetsi eEurope aibva kumagetsi enyukireya, uye nhasi uno haasi kusvika pa15%..
Mutungamiri weKomisheni akasimbisa kuti kudzikira uku kwaisava kwetsaona, asi kuti kwaive kwechisarudzo chezvematongerwo enyika chakaitwa nemaune. Mukuona kwake, vachisiya nzvimbo "yakavimbika, inokwanisika uye ine utsi hushoma" Kwaive kukanganisa mukondinendi isingagadzi mafuta kana gasi zvakanyanya uye iri panjodzi huru yekuchinja-chinja kwemisika yemagetsi yepasi rose.
Mashoko ake anorevawo kuti shanduko yemunhu pachake ine chekuita nazvoVon der Leyen aive chikamu chehurumende dzaAngela Merkel dzakatungamira kuvharwa kwemagetsi eGerman mushure meFukushima. Iye zvino, kubva kuBrussels, anobvuma kuti nzira iyoyo yakasiya Europe iri panjodzi uye ine simba rinodhura, ichivimba zvakanyanya nezvinobuda kunze kwenyika.
Mutungamiriri wenharaunda akabatanidza zvakananga shanduko iyi nemamiriro matsva epasi rose: Hondo yeRussia neUkraine, gakava pakati peUS, Israel neIran, uye kusawirirana kuri muStrait of Hormuz zvakaratidza pachena. Kuvimba negasi nemafuta kunogona kushandiswa kusvika papi sechombo chekumanikidza? zvehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika.
Chirongwa cheEurope chezvishandiso zvidiki zvenyukireya uye mari yakawanda yekudyara
Kubvuma uku "kukanganisa kwehurongwa" hakusi kungoratidza chete. European Commission yakapa chirevo nzira itsva yekusimudzira diki modular reactor (SMRs), tekinoroji diki uye inochinjika yenyukireya ine chinangwa chekuwedzera simba guru remagetsi pamwe nemagetsi anodzokororwa.
Brussels inoratidza kuti MaSMR ekutanga achatanga kushanda kutanga kwema2030.nechinangwa chekuisa simba remagetsi ari pakati pe17 ne53 gigawatts panosvika gore ra2050. Tichifunga kuti ngarava dzenyukireya dziripo pari zvino dziri pa100 GW muEU, mumamiriro ezvinhu akakosha zvikuru tekinoroji iyi inogona kuwedzera simba renyukireya reEurope kusvika ku50%.
Komisheni inoda kuti ma "mini-reactor" aya aite zvinopfuura kungogadzira magetsi egrid chete, asiwo Vanotsigirawo maitiro emaindasitiri anoshandisa simba rakawanda uye zvinobatsira mukubvisa kabhoni mumaindasitiri akaoma kushandisa magetsi. Mashandisirwo angangoshandiswa anosanganisira kupa nzvimbo huru dzekugadzira, kugadzira hydrogen ine kabhoni shoma, uye kupa kupisa kwemaindasitiri akati wandei.
Kuti vatsigire izvi, European Commission yakazivisa nezve Vimbiso ye €200 miriyoni yakagadzirirwa kukurudzira mari yekudyara yega Muhunyanzvi hutsva hwekugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya, mari ichabva kuEuropean Emissions Trading System (ETS). Chinangwa ndechekuderedza njodzi inofungidzirwa kune vanoisa mari muchikamu chinoda mari yakawanda uye nguva yakareba.
Brussels inosimbisa kuti chinonyanya kukosha hachisi nhamba chete, iri pakati nepakati kana tichienzanisa nezvinodiwa zvese, asi shanduko yemaitiro ezvematongerwo enyika nemutemo: basa reSMRs mukati mehurongwa hwekusava nedivi rayo mune zvetekinoroji rinoonekwa zvakajeka, pane hurukuro yesimba "rakachena", uye simba renyukireya harichaonekwi serisingabvumirwi asi senzvimbo inogona kutorwa senzvimbo yekuchinja kwesimba.
Mitemo, mvumo uye kushandira pamwe: imwe hafu yechirongwa chenyukireya cheEurope
Kupfuura rutsigiro rwemari, Komisheni inoda kukurumidzisa mapurojekiti enyukireya nekuita kuti mamiriro avo ekutonga ave nyore. Gwara renzira rakatsanangurwa pamusangano weParis unosanganisira maitiro ekuyedza mitemo ye tekinoroji itsva, kuwiriraniswa kwemitemo yekuchengetedza pakati penyika uye kugadziriswa kwemaitiro ekubvumidza.
Mutungamiriri Mukuru weIAEA pachake, Rafael Grossi, akasimbisa kuti Hazvina musoro kuti gwenya remagetsi ritore makore mana kana mashanu kuti riwane mapemiti. Kana Europe ichida kutungamira zvakare muindasitiri iyi, zvinokwanisika, mumaonero ake, kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya ukuwo ichideredza hutungamiriri uye ichipa mukana wekufanotaura kune mabhizinesi nevanoisa mari.
Von der Leyen anototaura nezvekutanga kwemutambo chaiwo "Mutambo wehunyanzvi hwenyukireya"EU ine chinangwa chekufambirana nemapurojekiti epamusoro muUnited States, Canada, neSouth Korea. Brussels ine chivimbo chekuti makambani ekuEurope anogona kuita zvakanaka zvikuru munzvimbo idzi. ma "advanced modular reactors" (AMR), chizvarwa chinotevera chemagadzirirwo ayo masangano akawanda emunharaunda ari kutoshanda paari.
Hurongwa hweKomisheni hunonongedzerawo kudiwa kwe Simbisa magridi emagetsi, kugona kwekuchengetedza, uye kuchinjika kwemasisitimuSezvo kubatanidzwa kwesimba idzva renyukireya kuchifanira kuenderana nekuwedzera kwemhepo, zuva, nezvimwe zvinogadziriswazve, chinangwa ndechekuvaka hurongwa uko masosi esimba akasiyana uye akasimba anotsigirana uye asingapindirane zvisina kunaka.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, Brussels yakakurudzira kunyika dziri nhengo ongororai mutero wenyu wemagetsi uye mitengo yekuwana network kudzora mitengo yemagetsi yemhuri nemaindasitiri, nguva dzose nenyevero yekusakanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwemaakaundi everuzhinji, sezvakayambirwa naCommissioner weEconomic Affairs, Valdis Dombrovskis.
Nyukireya nezvinodzokororwa: kuenda kusanganiswa kwakaringana
Von der Leyen nevamwe vakuru vakuru vekuEurope havasi kuratidza simba renyukireya senzira yekuwedzera simba rekuchengetedza nharaunda, asi vanosimbisa kuti Sisitimu inoshanda zvakanyanya inosanganisa matekinoroji ese ari maviriMuhurukuro yake, mutungamiri weKomisheni akasimbisa kuti magetsi anogadzikiswa anogadzira maerekitironi akachipa, asi kugadzirwa kwawo kunosiyana-siyana uye kunoenderana nemhepo nezuva.
Simba renyukireya, kune rumwe rutivi, rinopa kugadzirwa kwakagadzikana mukati megore rose, maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuvaIzvi zvinobatsira kusangana nezvinodiwa kana simba remhepo nezuva richiderera kana kuti nzvimbo dzakanakisisa dzesimba rinogona kushandiswazve dziri kure nenzvimbo huru dzemaindasitiri. Pfungwa huru ndeyekuti musanganiswa unobatanidza masosi ese ari maviri, unotsigirwa nekuchengetera uye magridi akasimbiswa, unopa kuchengetedzeka kukuru uye mitengo inogoneka.
Hurukuro iyi inoenderana nepfungwa dzinodzivirirwa nenyika dzakadai se FranceMutungamiri wenyika, Emmanuel Macron, akashandisa musangano uyu kutsigira simba renyukireya revanhuwo zvavo. chinhu chekuzvimiririra nekuzvitonga Mukuona kwake, uranium—pasinei nekuvimba kwayo nezvematongerwo enyika—inobvumira kudzikiswa kwesimba rekutyisidzira rine chekuita negasi nemafuta.
Macron anotenda kuti simba renyukireya "rakachengeteka" nekufambira mberi kwakatangwa kubva kuFukushima uye anozviona se chinhu chakakosha chinosimbisa kukura kunowanikwazvenekuti zvekupedzisira hazvipi simba rakafanana rekutonga kugadzirwa. France, kutaura zvazviri, iri kukurudzira kuwedzera hupenyu hwema reactor ayo pamwe nekuvakwa kwemayuniti matsva, kusanganisira maSMR.
Grossi pachake akabatana nepfungwa iyi nekutsanangura simba renyukireya se " "Manyuko ehutongi nekuzvitonga" uye kusimbisa kuti danho rakundwa apo mari yaro yekubatsira yaionekwa seisinganyanyi kunzi "yemhosva." Shoko rakagoverwa nderekuti, pasina kuramba matambudziko ayo etekinoroji nezvakatipoteredza, simba renyukireya rinoonekwa zvakare sechikamu chepamutemo chehurongwa hweEuropean climate and energy security.
Kupatsanurwa muEU: France ndiyo iri kutungamira, Spain yakaramba, uye Germany yavhara musuwo
Kuchinja kwehurukuro kweBrussels hakubvisi matambudziko akadzika midzi mutsauko pakati penyika dziri nhengo Nezveramangwana resimba renyukireya, mutemo wesimba unoramba uri wehurumende, sezvatakayeuchidzwa neMutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weKomisheni uye Commissioner weCompetition and Energy Transition. Teresa RiberaNyika imwe neimwe inosarudza musanganiswa wayo uye Brussels haigone kumanikidza kushandiswa kwetekinoroji iyi.
France yave pamberi pesangano rinotsigira zvombo zvenyukireya, ichitsigira kuti simba renyukireya rizivikanwe setekinoroji yakachena uye ichikoshesa kuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi emuno uye kutengeswa kwemagetsi kunze kwenyika. Kune rumwe rutivi kune nyika dzakadai se Alemania, iyo muna 2023 yakabvisa ma reactor ayo ekupedzisira mushure mekuita kwenguva refu yekudzima.
Mashoko aVon der Leyen akonzera gakava guru muBerlin. Chancellor uye mutungamiri weChristian Democratic Friedrich Merz vakati vane maonero akafanana ekuti Kugumisa simba renyukireya kwaive kukanganisaZvisinei, anotenda kuti sarudzo iyi "haigone kuchinjwa" uye kuti Germany inofanira kutarisa pakuwedzera network nekushandira pamwe pakati penyika kuti ideredze mitengo yemagetsi.
Gurukota rezvezvakatipoteredza Carsten Schneider, muSocial Democrat, vakaramba zvachose dzidziso yekuti pane kukanganisa kwakakosha. Mukuona kwavo, Kuchengetedza simba renyukireya kwaizova "mugumo usina kujeka" Schneider anoti nyika icharamba ichida rubatsiro rwakakura rweveruzhinji rwekushandisa tekinoroji ine njodzi huru kana paine dzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzakachipa. Anotenda kuti kusiya simba iri kwakaita kuti nyika ive "yakachengeteka" uye kuti chibvumirano ichi hachifanirwe kuvhurwazve.
Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seBelgium neGreece, dziri kufamba munzvimbo dzepakati kana kuti dzichichinja: Brussels yakawedzera hupenyu hwemamwe ma reactors kuti isimbise kuchengetedzeka kwayo mukuwanikwa kwezvinhu, nepo Athens yakazivisa kuti ichadzidza sanganisa ma mini-reactors mumusanganiswa wako wesimba sekuwedzera kune gasi rinodzorerwa uye rinotengwa kunze kwenyika.
Spain: purogiramu yekubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya ichienzaniswa nekuchinja kweEurope
Munyaya ye EspañaMaitiro matsva eKomisheni anotsigira zvombo zvenyukireya anopesana nehurongwa hwenyika, uhwo parizvino huchiri kusanduka. Hurumende yaPedro Sánchez inoramba iine purogiramu yekuvharwa kwezvibvumirano zvakasiyana-siyana yezvivakwa zvemagetsi zviripo pari zvino, izvo zvinofanoona kudzimwa zvachose kwezvikepe zvenyukireya pakati pa2027 na2035, nepo Trillo chiri icho chekupedzisira kuvharwa.
Mumwedzi yapfuura, Congress yakakurukura nezvechikumbiro chisingasungirwe kubva kuPP — chakatsigirwa naVox — chakakurudzira kunonoka purogiramu iyoyoZvichakadaro, makambani ane chigayo chemagetsi cheAlmaraz (Iberdrola, Endesa neNaturgy) akakumbira kuwedzerwa kwenguva yekushanda kwacho kusvika mugore ra2030. Zvisinei, kumanikidzwa uku hakusati kwasvika pakuchinja kwakajeka mumutemo wepamutemo.
Gurukota reKuchinja Kwezvakatipoteredza, Sara Aagesen, anosimbirira kuti "Kukunda" kwehurumende kuri musimba remagetsi rinogona kuvandudzwaMukufunga kwake, Spain ine zviwanikwa zvezuva nemhepo zvakanaka uye hurongwa hwakasimba hwemitemo kubvira muna 2018 hwakakwezva mari yakawanda muhunyanzvi hwekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, nepo pasina zviratidzo zvekufarira kwebhizinesi kuita mari itsva huru dzenyukireya.
Nezvechikumbiro chaAlmaraz chekuti nguva yacho iwedzere, Hurumende yatumira chisarudzo ichi ku Mushumo weDare reKuchengetedzwa kweNyukireya, yakarongerwa gore rino. Zvichibva pakuongorora kwehunyanzvi ikoko, Mutungamiriri achaita sarudzo yake yekupedzisira, iyo, maererano neAagesen, ichaenderana netambo yakatangwa mumakore achangopfuura ichitsigira kuvharwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Panyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika, hurukuro yeSpanish inosimbisa kuti Kuvimba nemafuta efossil chinhu chakakosha panjodzi Mhinduro yacho iri mukukurumidzisa shanduko yesimba rinogona kushandiswazve, kusimbisa kubatana uye kuchengetwa kwesimba, uye kuramba uchideredza simba rehupfumi. Hurumende inotaura kuti, kusiyana nedzimwe nyika dzekuEurope, Spain haina kufunga nezvekuwedzera hupenyu hwezviteshi zvayo zvesimba renyukireya mushure mekurwiwa kwehondo muUkraine.
Kuchengetedzeka, marara uye kupikiswa kwevanhu: mimvuri yekubheja kwenyukireya
Kudzokazve kwenhaurirano yenyukireya hakubvisi zvikonzero zvakaita kuti chikamu chikuru chemaonero everuzhinji vekuEurope chirambe tekinoroji iyi. Kutsoropodzwa kwacho kunonyanya kutarisa pa kutarisirwa kwemarara ane mwaranzi anogara kwenguva refu, njodzi dzetsaona dzakakomba—zvisinei nekuti dzingangoitika kakawanda sei—uye mari yakawanda yekuvaka nekubhadhara zvivako zvitsva.
Masangano ezvakatipoteredza akadai Greenpeace Vakashandisa musangano weParis kuratidzira kwavo. Varwiri vezvematongerwo enyika vakati wandei vakavhiringidza mhemberero yekutanga, vachiburitsa mabhana ane mashoko akadai sekuti "Simba renyukireya rinosimudzira hondo yeRussia" uye "Nyukireya = kusagadzikana kwesimba," uye vachibvunza kuti sei Europe ichiramba ichitenga uranium kubva kuRussia uku ichiedza kurambidza Moscow nekuda kwekupinda kwayo muUkraine.
Mhinduro iyi inouyawo panguva iyo Kuchengetedzeka kwenyukireya kuri kuongororwa zvakareKubva kuFukushima, vatongi vakasimbisa zvinodiwa, panguva imwe chete vachiwedzera mitengo yekushanda nekusimudzira magetsi. Komisheni neIAEA vanoti magadzirirwo emangwana—kunyanya maSMR—anosanganisira masisitimu asingashande uye mwero wakawedzerwa unofanirwa kuderedza njodzi kuvanhu vari pedyo.
Panyaya yehupfumi, gakava riripo pamusoro pekuti simba renyukireya rinogona here kukwikwidzana pasina rubatsiro rwehurumende pakushandisa simba remagetsi rinodzokororwa riri kuramba richiderera. Vatsoropodzi vakaita saGurukota rezvemari reGermany Schneider vanosimbisa kuti Mushure memakore anopfuura makumi manomwe, indasitiri yenyukireya ichiri kuda rubatsiro rwehurumende. uye vimbiso dzemari, nepo dzimwe nzira dzakakwanisa kuderedza zvakanyanya mitengo yadzo.
Kunyangwe zvakadaro, hurumende dzakadai sedzeFrance dzinoti pasina kupindira kweveruzhinji pamwe nekugadzikana kwemitemo, hazvingakwanisike kuisa magrid emagetsi, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera, kana mapurojekiti esimba rinogona kuvandudzwa padanho guru, nekudaro Vanoona zviri pamutemo kupa zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekutsigira simba renyukireya. kana chiri chikamu chehurongwa hwemamiriro ekunze hwakajairika.
Mukukakavadzana uku, Von der Leyen nechikwata chake vanoedza kuumba nzvimbo yepakati: kubvuma kuti kusiya simba renyukireya nekukurumidza kudaro kwaive kukanganisakusimudzira matekinoroji matsva anogona kuva akachengeteka uye ane makwikwi akawanda, uye panguva imwe chete, kuremekedza kuti Nyika yega yega iri nhengo inoramba iine sarudzo yayo pakuwedzera, kuderedza kana kubvisa zvombo zvayo zvenyukireya.
Nekusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika kuri kukonzera kumanikidzwa pamisika yemagetsi, masangano eEU ari kuedza kugadzirisa kuchengetedzeka kwemagetsi, mitengo inokwanisika, kudzikiswa kweutsi hunobuda, uye kugamuchirwa neveruzhinji. Brussels's mea culpa maererano nekubviswa kwesimba renyukireya, kutarisa pamagetsi madiki, uye kusiyana pakati penyika dzakadai seFrance, Germany, neSpain zvinoratidza kukura kwedambudziko iri. Europe iri kunyora patsva hurongwa hwayo hwesimba munguva chaiyo, pakati pekukurumidzira kwedambudziko uye kudiwa kwekugadzirira nzira yakagadzikana yemakumi emakore anotevera.
