United Kingdom yakaratidza shanduko munhoroondo yesimba nekuva nyika yekutanga yehupfumi kubvisa marasha mukugadzira magetsi. Ichi chiitiko chakakosha mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwesimba kwakatora makore anodarika gumi, panguva iyo kushandiswa kwemafuta efossil aya kwakatsiviwa nemanyuko esimba rinowanikwazve, semhepo nesolar.
Kushandiswa kwemarasha kwakakurudzira shanduko yeIndustria kuUnited Kingdom, zvichisimudzira hupfumi hwenyika kwemakore anopfuura zana. Chiteshi chemagetsi chekutanga chekupisa marasha chokugadzira magetsi chakatangwa muLondon muna 1882. Mukati mezana ramakore rechi 135, marasha aimirira manyuko makuru emagetsi enyika. Zvisinei, mitemo yezvakatipoteredza uye kunetseka kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera pamusoro pekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kwakamanikidza nyika kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzakachena dzekuderedza kusvibiswa kwekabhoni. Zvinoshamisa, makore XNUMX mushure mekunge nzira iyi yatanga nemarasha, nyika yakabvisa zvachose mukugadzira magetsi.
Zuva risina marasha muUnited Kingdom: kutanga kwekupedzisira
Chimwe chezviitiko zvakakosha zvikuru mukuchinja uku kune simba rinoshandiswazve chakaitika muna April 2017, apo, kekutanga kubva kuIndustrial Revolution, United Kingdom yakagara zuva rose pasina kupisa kirogiramu imwe chete yemarasha kuti igadzire magetsi. Pakati pa 23pm nemusi weChina na00pm neChishanu, West Burton 23 Power Station, nzvimbo yega yega yaishandiswa nemarasha panguva iyoyo, yakamira kupa magetsi kugetsi yenyika.
Chokwadi ichi, kunyangwe chaive chisiri chekuvharwa kwemarasha, chakapembererwa sechiitiko chakakosha nevanorwira nharaunda. Zuva rekufananidzira rakaratidza kuti hupfumi hukuru hwakafanana nehweBritish hunogona kushanda pasina kushandisa mafuta ezvicherwa, izvo zvakaratidza kutanga kwenguva yekuchinja kune ramangwana nekutsamira kushoma kune zvinosvibisa.
Zuva racho raive rakakosha sezvo rakaitika muchirimo, nguva iyo kudiwa kwesimba kunowanzodzikira. Tembiricha iri pakati nepakati inoderedza kudiwa kwekudziya nemhepo, uye kudiwa kwemaindasitiri kunowanzo kudzika nekuda kwezororo. Zvose izvi zvaibvumira kuti simba rigadzirwe nemamwe mabviro akaita segasi rechisikigo, mhepo uye simba rezuva.
Shanduko yesimba: kubva marasha kuenda kune anovandudzwa
Muna 2015, Hurumende yeBritain yakazivisa chinangwa chayo chekubvisa marasha panosvika 2025. Kubva ipapo, nyika yakafambira mberi zvakanyanya mukuchinja kwekuchenesa magetsi. Muna 2012, marasha akanga achiri kugadzira 40% yemagetsi enyika, asi pakazosvika 2017, mari yaro yakanga yadzika kusvika pa9%. Rakawanda resimba iri rakatsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma nesolar, mhepo uye biomass simba.
Pakazosvika ma2020s, iyo UK yakanga yatovhara zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvesimba rayo remarasha akaiswa, zvichigonesa kudzikiswa kwakanyanya kwekubuda kwecarbon dioxide. Zvigadzirwa zvegasi zvakapa 47% yemagetsi, nepo mhepo uye simba rezuva zvakapa chikamu chekukura.
Basa resimba remhepo kwave kuchikosha mukuderedza utsi hwenyika. Pakati pa2012 na2023, simba remhepo rakakura ne315%, zvichibatsira zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Pamwe chete nesimba rezuva, zviwanikwa izvi zvinogonekazve zvakabvisa mamirioni ematani emarasha uye zvakadzivirira mutengo wakakura wemafuta.
Kuvhara kwekupedzisira marasha chirimwa: Ratcliffe-on-Soar
Gunyana 30, 2024 yakaratidza kuvharwa kwekupedzisira kweRatcliffe-on-Soar power plant, chirimwa chiri muNottinghamshire chave kushanda kubvira 1968. Nekukwanisa kwemagigawati maviri, Ratcliffe akapa simba kudzimba dzinopfuura mamirioni maviri munguva dzayo dzakanakisa. . Zvisinei, nekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwezvinovandudzwa uye kuderera kwekuda kwesimba rinogadzirwa nemarasha, chirimwa chakavhara mabasa. Chiitiko ichi chakaita kuti UK ive yekutanga hupfumi hweG7 kubvisa zvachose marasha kubva kumagetsi ayo.
Kuvharwa kwaRatcliffe kwaivewo nechinhu chakasimba chekufananidzira, sezvo Great Britain yaive nyika yakatungamira Revolution Revolution, maitiro ainyanya kufambiswa nemarasha. Nenzira iyi, kugumisa kutsamira pamarasha kunomiririrawo kupera kwenguva yehupfumi neyemagariro.
Zvinoenderana nekuongorora kwakaitwa naEmber, kubvira 2012, kubuda kubva kuBritish magetsi chikamu kwakaderedzwa ne74%. Munguva iyi, kusanganiswa kwesimba rezuva nemhepo ndicho chinhu chikuru chaibvumira kuderedzwa kwekubuda.
Zvidzidzo zveramangwana: matambudziko uye matanho anotevera
Kunyange zvazvo UK yawana chiitiko chinokosha, kuchine zvakawanda zvokuita kuti pave nekusarerekera kwekabhoni panosvika 2030. Kunyange zvazvo renewables yatove inopfuura hafu yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi enyika, gasi rechisikigo rinoramba richipa huwandu hwakawanda hwemagetsi.
Masangano anoona nezvezvakatipoteredza akaita seGreenpeace neFriends of the Earth akakurudzira hurumende yeBritain kuti itarise kubvisa gasi rechisikigo uye kuenderera mberi nekudyara musimba rakachena. Masangano aya akatiwo zvakakosha kupa a kungochinja chete kuvashandi vairarama nemaindasitiri emarasha.
Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nyowani, senge kabhoni kubata uye kuchengetedza uye green hydrogen, ichave yakakosha kuUK kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvayo zvemamiriro ekunze. Kuvharwa kweRatcliffe ingori nhanho imwe chete pamanera akananga kuzere decarbonisation.
Kuita uku kunovhurawo musuwo wekugadzirwa kwemabasa muchikamu chesimba rinodzokororwa, zvichibvumira hupfumi hweBritain kuti hurambe huchikura nekuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kuguma kwenguva yemarasha muUnited Kingdom kunoratidza kutanga kwenguva itsva umo simba rakachena richava protagonists. Iyi idanho rekuenda kune ramangwana rakagadzikana, umo kuburitsa kabhoni kuchava chinhu chekare uye hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji mumunda wesimba huchasimudzirwa.
Mumatsutso neEaster magetsi mashandisirwo anoderera, ………… uye inowedzera munzvimbo dzekuBritain zororo.
Wese munhu arikuuya kuSpain 😛