Mamiriro esimba muSpain atora shanduko inokatyamadza mumakore achangopfuura, kunyanya nekusundidzirwa kwesimba rinomutsidzirwa. Kwenguva yakareba, yaiita senge isiri-yekutanga nyaya kune dzimwe hurumende, asi European Union uye kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kudzikisa kutsamira pamafuta efossil, kunze kwekuzvipira kwezvakatipoteredza, zvakakonzera kufunga zvakare zano resimba.
European Union uye nhungamiro dzayo pamusoro pesimba rinodzokororwa
Kubva 2004, European Union yakaisa nzira yakajeka yekusimudzira simba. Gore rakakosha raive 2020, sezvo zvakavambwa kuti pasimba rose rinodyiwa munyika dzenhengo, 20% inofanira kubva kune zvinogonekazve. Nyika imwe neimwe, zvichienderana nekugona kwayo uye zviwanikwa, yaifanira kuita chinangwa chaicho. KuSpain, chinangwa ichi chaivewo 20% simba rinowanikwazve. Kusiyana neizvi, maererano nemashoko kubva kuEurostat, nyika dzakawanda dzeEurope dzakazadzisa zvinangwa zvavo zvisati zvaitika 2015. Zvisinei, Spain yakasara shure, ichiwana 16,15% chete simba rinoshandiswazve muna 2015. Kumira uku, kunonyanya kukonzerwa nehurumende inorambidza mitemo yePP mu2012, kukura kuduku kusvikira gore iroro.
Spain: Post-dambudziko simba mamiriro
Dambudziko rehupfumi rakarova Spain rakakonzera kudzikira kwakanyanya mukudiwa kwemagetsi, izvo zvakakonzera kuwanda kwesimba rakaiswa, kunyanya kubva kumafuta emafuta. Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi, zvakasarudzwa kumisa zvinodzoreredzwa, zvichiruramisa kuti pakanga paine simba rinopfuura rakakwana rinowanikwa kubva kune zvisingadzokerike zvinyorwa. Zvakadaro, kufambira mberi kwechokwadi musimba rinogoneka kwakatanga kuwedzera simba zvakare muna 2017, apo hurumende yakasarudza kuita auction ye3000 megawatts yakanangana nemakambani ari muchikamu ichi.
Auctions uye maassignments mune renewable energy sector
Pakutanga, iyo auction ye2017 yakashoropodzwa neSpanish Photovoltaic Union (UNEF) nekuti yaifarira simba remhepo. Sekureva kweUNEF, iyo yekuyera sisitimu yakapa mikana mikuru kune yakanyanya kugadziridzwa matekinoroji, senge simba remhepo, ichisiya photovoltaic simba pane yakashata. Chichemo ichi chakatombounzwa pamberi peDare Repamusorosoro, iro, kunyange rakaramba kumiswa zvachose kweokisheni, rakavhura mukana wekuripwa mune remangwana kana rusarura rwakaratidzwa. Nekuda kweiyo auction yakataurwa, simba remhepo rakapihwa 99,3% ye3000 megawatts yakatengeswa. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwechiitiko chacho kwakatungamirira kune imwezve mwedzi wekutengesa gare gare, apo imwe 3000 megawatts yakagoverwa, nguva ino nekuwedzera kubatanidzwa kwe photovoltaics.
Mune iyi okisheni yechipiri, photovoltaics yakaiswa semukundi mukuru, kuwana yakaderera mutengo wakavimbiswa uye kuhwina akawanda emapurojekiti. Ichi chaive chiratidziro chekudzikiswa kwemitengo yekuisa yephotovoltaic solar plant uye kuwedzera kwechibereko kubva kune vanoisa mari, avo vaitarisira kudzoka kwakanyanya nekuda kwerubatsiro rwakagamuchirwa kune yega megawatt yakaiswa.
Kufambira mberi kwezvinovandudzwa: 2023, gore renhoroondo
Zvinoenderana nedatha ichangoburwa yakaburitswa neRed Eléctrica de España (REE), panosvika 2023, simba rinogona kudzokororwa rakawana chiitiko chisina kumboitika muSpanish magetsi system. Kupfuura 50% yemagetsi anogadzirwa munyika akabva kunzvimbo dzinodzokororwa, achiisa Spain kumusoro kweEurope pamwe neGermany. Kufambira mberi uku hakuna kukosha chete kubva padanho rekusimudzira, asi zvakare kunovandudza kusununguka kwesimba reSpain. Muna 2023, matekinoroji akamira kunze imhepo, iyo yakafukidza 23,5% yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi, uye solar photovoltaics, ine chikamu che14%. Kutenda kune aya matekinoroji, akasanganiswa ne hydraulics, nyika yakaderedza zvakanyanya kuburitsa kwayo kabhoni.
Makiyi ekubudirira muna 2023
Kubudirira kwe2023 kunogona kuverengerwa kune akati wandei zvinhu:
- Kudyara kukuru mumagetsi emagetsi anogona kudzokororwa, kunyanya mu photovoltaics nemhepo.
- Mamiriro ekunze akanaka, ayo akawedzera hydraulic uye kugadzirwa kwezuva.
- Kuderedzwa kwemitengo yemapanera ezuva uye kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwemhepo, zvichiita kuti mamwe magetsi agadzirwe nemutengo wakaderera wekushandisa.
Muchokwadi, pakupera kwa2023, Spain yakapfuura rekodhi rekodhi: iyo Spanish magetsi sisitimu yakakwanisa kuburitsa 73,3% yemagetsi kubva kune anodzoreredzwa masosi muzuva rimwe chete. Ichi chokwadi chinoratidza kugona kwezvinovandudzwa munyika uye nguva yakanaka iyo matekinoroji aya ari kuitika munyika.
Mhedzisiro yepasirese: Basa reSpain muEuropean uye pasi rose mamiriro
Spain haisi kungotungamira muEurope chete, asi zvakare inoonekwa sekiyi inogona kudzokororwa hub. Kuenzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope, Spain yakawana kukura kwakasimba, uye inopfuura 32.000 megawatts ye photovoltaic energy yakaiswa, iyo inoisa iyo mberi kwehumwe hutekinoroji hwakasimbiswa semhepo kana gasi rechisikigo.
Kuenzanisa nedzimwe nyika
- MuGermany, kunyange zvazvo inoramba iine bhenji mune renewables, yaiva muna 2023 pavakakwanisa kuvhara, kwekutanga, kupfuura 50% yemagetsi ekushandiswa nemafuta akachena - Italy yakagamuchira nzira yakazara, inobatanidza kuvandudzwa simba pamwe nesimba renyukireya uye humwe hunyanzvi hwakachena hwekusiyanisa simba rayo musanganiswa.- MuFrance, mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana. Kunyange zvazvo mareactor enyukireya achiramba achitonga musanganiswa wesimba, masimba anovandudzwa anga achiwedzera mumakore achangopfuura, ane nhoroondo musimba remhepo.
Kufungidzira kusvika 2030
Sangano reNational Integrated Energy uye Climate Plan (PNIEC) rinogadza kuti Spain inofanira kuwana 81% chizvarwa chinogona kuvandudzwa ne 2030. Nekufambira mberi kwemazuva ano, shanduko yesimba iri kuitika, uye kwete chete zvinangwa zvinotarisirwa kuitika, asi zvinogona kuvandudzwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. . Spain yakazvimisikidza senyika yemapiyona mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kufambisira mberi matekinoroji akachena ayo asingangobatsiri zvakatipoteredza, asiwo hupfumi hwenyika. Kukura kwezvinovandudzwa kwaunza zviuru zvemabasa uye kwakavandudza kukwikwidza kwenyika pasi rose. Nekufungidzira kwazvino, Spain ingangoramba ichitungamira chikamu mukuvandudza uye kushanda nesimba.