
Greenhouse gasi emissions ndeimwe yenyaya dzakanyanya kukosha nhasi. Hutsi uhu hune chekuita nekusanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvapa kuti hurumende dziite mitemo yekuderedza. Mupfungwa iyi, the Chibvumirano cheParis Ndicho chimwe chezvisungo zvepasi rese zvekudzikisa kuburitswa kwepasirese, umo Spain inoitawo basa rakakosha.
Basa resimba rinodzokororwa mukuderedza kuburitswa
Imwe yemalever makuru ekuwana kudzikiswa kwekubuda kwegreenhouse gasi ndiko kushandiswa kwe simba rinowedzeredzwa, izvo zvakaratidza kuti zvinoshanda zvikuru mukugadzira simba pasina kuburitsa magasi anosvibisa mumhepo. Muna 2016, Spain yakakwanisa kuderedza kuburitsa kwayo CO2 kusvika 323,8 mamirioni ematani, UN 3,5% zvishoma kupfuura gore rapfuura. Uku kudzikiswa kwakagoneka nekuda kwe a kuderera kwekushandisa marasha ne29%, yakatsiviwa zvakanyanya nemagetsi emagetsi, ane chizvarwa chakawedzera ne25,5%. Uyu muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti zvinovandudzwa zvinobatsira sei mukuderedza kuburitswa. Pamusoro pezvo, simba remhepo uye rezuva rakatambawo mabasa akakosha mukufambira mberi kusvika pakubvisa kaboni.
Kuburitswa kwegasi kwakaitika sei muSpain?
Mumakore achangopfuura, Spain yakaramba ichidzikira mukuburitsa gasi regreenhouse, kunyangwe ichiri kutarisana nematambudziko makuru mukuzadzisa zvisungo zvayo zvepasi rose. Kunyangwe muna 2016 a 26% kuderedza Zvichienzaniswa nemazinga a2005, huwandu hwenyika hwese hwaive hwakakwira ne13% kupfuura muna 1990, gore rekutanga rekuyera kufambira mberi Kyoto Protocol. Nekudaro, kufambira mberi kunoonekwa kana tikaenzanisa data yazvino: muna 2023, Spain yakanyora a 7,5% kuderedza zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura, nehwerengedzo ye 271,6 miriyoni matani eCO₂ yakaenzana, mwero wakaderera kubva pakatanga marekodhi enhoroondo.
Uku kudzikira kwave kuchigoneka nekuda kwekukura kwesimba rinogoneka, kunyanya Photovoltaic Solar Energy and the mhepo. Maererano neshumo kubva Observatory of Energy Transition and Climate Action (OTEA), manyuko aya akafukidza inopfuura hafu yokudiwa kwemagetsi munyika. Zvisinei, the chekufambisa chikamu Iyo inoramba iri iyo huru emitter, inomiririra 27% yehuwandu hwekubuda muna 2016.
Indasitiri chikamu uye kuderedzwa kwekubuda kwemhepo
Kuzvipira kweSpain kunobata zvikamu zvakawanda, kusanganisira iyo indasitiri. Muna 2020, nyika yakazvipira kudzikisa kuburitswa kwemaindasitiri ne21% zvichienzaniswa ne1990. Spain yakaita mitemo yakasiyana siyana kuti iite izvi, uye 2016 mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti kuburitsa kubva kumaindasitiri kwakadonha ne10%, zvikuru nekuda kwezvitsva mumaindasitiri esimende, makemikari nesimbi.
Nekudaro, rimwe remasekete anonyanya kuramba shanduko anga ari transport, iyo inoburitsa yakawedzera ne 3,1% kana ichienzaniswa ne2015. Chikamu ichi chinoramba chiri chimwe chezvinangwa zvakakosha zvemakore anotevera, zvichipa kuti inomiririra chikamu chetatu chepasi rose.
Yakakosha kune ramangwana: Zvipikirwa zveSpain kusvika 2030
Spain inofambirana nezvinangwa zveEuropean Union maererano nekuderedza kuburitswa. Pakazosvika 2030, nyika inotarisirwa kuwana kudzikiswa 32% zvichienzaniswa ne1990 mazinga, uine chirevo chako National Integrated Energy uye Climate Plan (PNIEC). Hurongwa uhu hunomisawo zvinangwa zvakanangana zvekuzadzisa a 74% yakachena magetsi kugadzirwa kwezuva iroro, vachishandisa manyuko akadai sesimba rezuva nemhepo. Uyezve, fungidziro dzemakore anouya dzinoratidza kukura kwe kusvika 60% mune renewable simba simba, kubatanidza Spain seimwe yenyika dzinotungamira mukushandiswa kwehunyanzvi uhu.
Kudiwa kwechimbichimbi shanduko muchikamu chekutakura
Rimwe rematambudziko makuru kuSpain kuti iite zvinangwa zvayo zvekudzikisa hutsi ibazi rekufambisa, iro rinoramba richivimba zvakasimba zvisaririra. Kunyangwe kudzikira mune mamwe maindasitiri uye kutorwa kwehunyanzvi tekinoroji, kufambisa kwemhepo nepasi kwakawedzera kushandiswa kwe petroleum mafuta ne63% kubvira 1990.
Chirevo cha2023 chinoratidza kuti kugadzirisa nyaya iyi kunoda yakazara decarbonization yechikamu nekusimudzira nzira dze kufamba kwakasimba. Pakati pezvirongwa zvinogadziriswa ndezve kufambiswa kwemagetsi mumigwagwa nekuvandudza zvivakwa kuchaja nzvimbo dzemotokari dzemagetsi. Saizvozvo, zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji zvakawana rubatsiro rwakakura kukurudzira kushandiswa kwayo pamusoro pemotokari dzakazvimirira, asi mari yakawanda uye kuzvipira kunodiwa kuti uwane shanduko yechokwadi.
Zvisinei neizvi, zvisungo zveSpain zvinoramba zvine chishuwo. Pakazosvika 2050, nyika ine chinangwa chekubudirira kabhoni kusarerekera, chinangwa chinoreva kwete chete kuderedza zvakanyanya kuburitsa, asiwo kubhadhara kune izvo zvisingakwanisi kubviswa kuburikidza nekabhoni yekuchengetedza uye kutora matekinoroji.
Kuedza uku kunotsigirwa nekushandiswa kwemitemo yekushandiswa kwesimba rekushandisa simba, kukurumidza kwekukura kwezvekushandisa patsva uye kudzikiswa kwekutsamira pamafuta efossil, izvo zvingavandudzawo hupfumi hwenyika uye kuderedza njodzi dzine hukama dzakadai sekushanduka kwemitengo yezvisaririra.
Kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse idambudziko rinobata nyika dzese, uye Spain, nekuda kwezvisungo zvayo uye kugadzirisa muzvikamu zvakakosha, iri kuratidza nzira yekuenda kune remangwana rakachena uye rakachengeteka munyaya dzesimba.