Pamberi pe simba rinowedzeredzwa, nhevedzano yezvinhu zvakabatanidzwa pakati pe hupfumi, kufamba kwevanhu, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye tekinoroji vakaita shanduko yepasi rose yesimba remagetsi. Izvi zvakaburitsa mikana yebhizinesi, yebasa uye yehupfumi isingafungidzike makore gumi apfuura, inotsigirwa uye inogamuchirwa munharaunda pasi peimwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa mavara: kuchengetedza.
Pasi rose, Nyika dzakawanda dziri kudyara mabhiriyoni mukuisa simba rinogonekazve, nokuda kwebetsero dziri pachena dzavanopa. Iyi mari haingogadziri kushanda kwesimba chete, asi zvakare inoderedza kutsamira pamafuta efossil, kuderedza kabhoni tsoka. Tinogona kuona kufambira mberi uku mumushumo Ren21 "Renewables 2015 - GLOBAL STATUS REPORT", iyo inosimbisa kukura kwekuwedzera muchikamu chesimba remagetsi pasi rose.
Investments mune renewable simba 2004-2014
Mumakore achangopfuura, kudyara kwepasi rose mumafuta ezvekutsva uye simba kwakura zvakanyanya munyika dzakasimukira uye dzichiri kusimukira. Muna 2014, Spain yakanga iri pakati pevatungamiriri venyika vanomwe mune renewable simba rekugadzira simba, kunyanya musimba remagetsi mhepo ine simba. Nekudaro, makore matatu apfuura akaona kuderera kwekudyara, zvichitisiya neiyo yakafanana yakaiswa.
Pasinei nekumira pakati pe2012 ne2014, isu tinoenderera mberi tichiva vagadziri vakanaka vesimba rinowanikwazve. Asi chii chinoitika kana isu tisingakwanisi kuwedzera chizvarwa chedu chinogoneka uye tichivimba nefossil simba rekushandisa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa?
Spain uye simba rinogonekazve muna 2015
Mharidzo ye Spanish Electrical Network ya2015 inoratidza kuti, zvinosuruvarisa, Spain yakashandisa simba risingadzokerike uye rakawanda marasha uye gasi zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura. Zvikonzero zvinosanganisira kusiyanisa kwehydraulic uye kugadzirwa kwemhepo, iyo yakanyora inodzikira ye28,2% uye 5,3% zvichiteerana. Pasinei neizvi, simba remhepo rakaramba riri rimwe rematsime makuru emagetsi mukati memwedzi yakakosha yakadai saFebruary naMay.
Mhedzisiro yekuwedzera kuburitsa CO2
Kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwefossil mafuta kunotungamira kuwedzera kwakananga mukati CO2 chisi. Sekureva kweGreenpeace, muna 2015 Spain yaifanira kubhadhara anopfuura mamirioni zana ekuwedzera maeuro mukodzero dzekabhoni nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehutsi. Pakati pa100 na2008, nyika yakashandisa mari inodarika 2012 miriyoni kutenga kodzero idzi, izvo zvinoratidza kushaikwa kwekudyara kwezvinhu zvinovandudza mukati memakore akakosha.
Iyi mari ingadai yakaiswa mukuwedzera simba rekugadzira magetsi yakangoparara nekubhadhara kodzero yekusvibisa. Dai takaisa mari zvakanaka pakati pa2012 na2014, nhasi tinogona kunge tichinakidzwa nehunyanzvi hwakakura mumhepo uye simba rezuva, nokudaro tichichengetedza mamirioni iwawo mukodzero dzeCO2 uye nekuvandudza zvakanyanya magariro edu ezvakatipoteredza.
Iyo panorama 2016-2017
Pasinei nekuedza kusimudzira mutemo wakabatana wesimba, 2016 uye 2017 inotarisirwa kutevera maitiro akafanana kusvika ku2015, nekumira mukugadzirwa kwesimba rinoshandiswazve uye kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemafuta emafuta. Sosaiti inoshandisa magetsi akawanda uye akawanda, chimwe chinhu icho zvivakwa zvazvino hazvigone kubata nekuchengetedza pasina kukosha kwekudyara musimba rinodzokororwa.
Remangwana reSpain musimba rinodzokororwa: matambudziko nemikana
Nhasi, Spain inoramba iri bhenji musimba rinodzokororwa, asi kuchengetedza hutungamiriri uhwu zvakakosha kukunda matambudziko ehupfumi uye zvivakwa. Sekureva kwazvino mushumo weEY, Spain inoramba iri pakati penyika dzinoyevedza dzekudyara musimba rakachena, yakamira kunze muzvibvumirano zvekutenga magetsi (PPA). Nekudaro, zvimhingamipinyi zvakaita semagetsi grid zvipingaidzo uye mitengo yakakwira yezvivakwa zvinodzikamisa kufambira mberi.
Investment mukuchengetedza simba iri kuwedzerawo, iine BESS yepamusoro (bhatiri rekuchengetedza masisitimu) mukusimudzira. Izvi zvakakosha kuti uvandudze kugadzikana kwegridi uye kukwidziridza kushandiswa kwesimba rinodzokororwa zvakare sesolar nemhepo. Battery kuchengetedza huwandu hunofungidzirwa kuti huchapeta nekana pasi rose panosvika 2030, uye Spain haina musiyano nemaitiro aya.
Munzvimbo yezvinopisa uye zvemugungwa zvinogadziridzwa, mari yakakosha iri kuitwa zvakare mugeothermal, kudziyisa uye kutonhora network, uye mapurojekiti ekuratidzira simba remugungwa, nekuwedzera kutarisisa biogas uye mamwe mamwe mafuta.
New technologies segirinhi rehydrogen, kunyangwe richiri kudhura, rinopa mukana wakanaka. Nekudyara kunodarika 8.900 bhiriyoni euros yakarongerwa 2030, green hydrogen inogona decarbonize maindasitiri zvikamu zvakaoma kuisa magetsi.
Spain inoramba iri nzvimbo yakasarudzika yekudyara musimba rinodzokororwa nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze akanaka, nzvimbo ine hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hunoenderera muchikamu chesimba. Zvakadaro, zvakakosha kuti hurumende nemakambani varambe vachiisa mari yakawanda mukugadzira magetsi, kuderedza kutsamira pamafuta efosi uye kukoshesa zvivakwa zvakaringana kuitira ramangwana renyika.
Spain inotarisana nematambudziko asiwo mikana mikuru. Nerutsigiro rwakakwana uye chiono chakajeka cheramangwana, nyika inokwanisa kuzvibatanidza semutungamiri wepasi rose mukushanduka kwesimba kuenda kumuenzaniso wakasimba uye wakachena.