Simba reGeothermal rabuda seimwe yedzimwe nzira dzakasimba kune avo vari kutsvaga kupisa dzimba dzavo zvakanaka, kuremekedza zvakatipoteredza, uye kupa kudzoka chaiko pamutengo wekutanga. Asi zvinodhura zvakadii kuisa mari mukuiswa kwegeothermal? Kudzoka pakudyara kunoverengerwa sei uye ndezvipi zvinhu zvinotarisa mutengo wekupedzisira? Kana uri kufunga kusiya masystem akajairika uye uchiri kukahadzika nezve mutengo chaiwo wekudziya imba yako nesimba rinobviswa kubva pasi, heino yakakwana, yemazuva ano, uye yakatwasuka gwara.
Muchinyorwa chino, iwe uchaongorora mune zvese zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise mitengo, mari, purofiti, nguva yekubhadhara, uye zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti sarudzo yako yekuisa kana kusaisa geothermal simba inoziviswa uye yakanangana neicho cheSpanish, ine kongiri data, kuenzanisa, uye chaiyo-yehupenyu mienzaniso.
Chii chinonzi geothermal simba uye rinoshanda sei?
Simba reGeothermal rinoshandisa kupisa kunogara kuri pasi pePasi kuti ipe simba risingaperi, rakachena gore rose. Iyo sisitimu yakavakirwa pamusiyano wekupisa pakati pepasi uye mukati memba, kuburitsa kupisa munguva yechando uye kuibvisa muzhizha. Iyo nzira inoitwa uchishandisa yakavharwa dunhu remapombi akavigwa (geothermal probes), geothermal kupisa pombi, inova moyo wekuisirwa, uye kupisa diffusion system, kazhinji underfloor kudziyisa kana kuderera-tembiricha fan coils.
Kuchinjana kupisa kunoitika sezvinotevera: Iwo maprobes anotora kana kuburitsa simba zvichienderana nemwaka, Mvura inotamisa kupisa inotakura simba iri kune pombi yekupisa iyo, nekuda kweiyo thermodynamic cycle, inoishandura kuita simba rinobatsira rekugadzirisa mhepo uye mvura inopisa yemumba. Mhedzisiro igadziriro inozvimiririra kunze kwekunze kwekunze uye inovimbisa kubudirira kunopfuura 400%: kune yega kWh inopedzwa, inosvika 4-5 kWh yemhepo inotonhorera inowanikwa.
Zvikamu zvakakosha zvekuisa geothermal
Kuiswa kwegeothermal mumba kunoda akati wandei zvinhu, chimwe nechimwe chine basa rayo uye mutengo wakabatana:
- Nzvimbo yekubata: Ndiyo network yemapombi akavigwa apo kupisa kunotorwa kubva pasi. Inogona kuva yakatwasuka kana yakatwasuka.
- Geothermal kupisa pombi: iyo injini yegadziriro, iyo inoshandura simba kubva pasi pevhu kusvika pakupisa, kutonhora uye mvura inopisa.
- Matangi (DHW uye inertia): Vanochengeta mvura inopisa uye vanovandudza kushanda zvakanaka nekugadzirisa nhamba yepombi inotanga.
- Emission system: Kudziya kwepasi, kudziya kwakadzikira-kupisa kana mafin coil anogovera kupisa / kutonhora mumba mese.
- Regulation uye control: Hungwaru masisitimu anogadzirisa tembiricha, masheti uye maitiro ekushandisa kuti uwedzere kuchengetedza.
- Kuchera mabasa uye tekinoroji imba: mabasa anodiwa kuisa mapaipi, pamutemo kuisirwa uye kubatanidza zvinhu zvese.
Mhando dzekuunganidza masisitimu: vertical and horizontal
Kune maviri makuru ekuunganidza masisitimu epamba geothermal simba:
- Vertical system: Inoshandisa matsime akadzika (kubva pa50 kusvika 150 metres, achitosvika pakadzika dzika mumaindasitiri kesi). Yakanaka munzvimbo dzine ivhu shoma, sezvo ichidya nzvimbo diki yepasi, uye ndiyo nzira yakajairika muSpain. Inobvumira kuwana tembiricha yenguva dzose gore rose, zvisinei nemamiriro ekunze ekunze.
- Horizontal system: Inobva pazvikamu zvepombi dzakavigwa pakadzika kudzika (kazhinji pakati pe1,5 ne3 metres). Inoda ivhu rakawanda, sezvo ichida nzvimbo isina miti, zvimiro, kana midzi yakadzika. Zviri nyore uye zvakachipa kuisa, asi kuita kwayo kunogona kukanganiswa nekushanduka kwekushisa kwepamusoro, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinotonhora kana nechando chakanyanya.
Zvichienderana nekudiwa kwesimba uye nzvimbo iripo, iyo inonyanya kushanda uye inodhura system inosarudzwa. Semuenzaniso, imba ye200 m² ine vertical collection inowanzoda matsime maviri anosvika 2-100 metres akadzika rimwe nerimwe; Nekuunganidzwa kwakachinjika, ivhu rinofanirwa kunge rakakura zvakapetwa kakati wandei kupfuura pasi kuti rive nemhepo inotonhorera.
Zvinoita marii kuisa geothermal energy mumba?
Mutengo wekuisa geothermal unoenderana nezvakati wandei: nzvimbo yemba uye kudiwa kwesimba, mhando yekuunganidza, kudzika, kuoma kwenzvimbo, kugadzira uye modhi yepombi yekupisa, emission system, uye hunhu hwebasa reinjiniya. Nekudaro, iyo yakajairwa huwandu hweimba-yemhuri imwe chete muSpain (anenge 180-200 m²) iri pakati. 15.000 na31.000 ma euro kusanganisira mabasa ese (kuchera, zvinhu, michina uye kutumwa).
Kuti udzikise mutengo zvirinani, heino fungidziro yechokwadi yakavakirwa pamabhajeti nemienzaniso yakaongororwa kubva kwakasiyana siyana:
- Vertical capture: 30-45 € per linear mita yekuchera, kusanganisira probes.
- Horizontal capture: 7-9 € per m² yepasi kana 250-300 € pakW inodiwa.
- Geothermal kupisa pombi: kubva € 10.000 kusvika € 15.000, zvichienderana nesimba uye mhando.
- Matangi (DHW + inertia): pakati € 500 uye € 2.000 imwe neimwe, zvichienderana nehuwandu uye zvinhu.
- Emission system (kudziya kwepasi / kutonhora): yepakati peimba, pakati pe4.000 ne €6.500.
- Regulation uye control: kubva ku400 kusvika pamusoro pe € 1.000 kana masisitimu epamusoro epamba akasanganiswa.
- Kuzadza kuisirwa, kutumwa uye pamutemo: kumativi € 2.000-3.000.
Kazhinji, imba ye 180 m² inogara ichidiwa inogona kuve nemutengo wakakwana we 20.000 kusvika 28.000 €. Kunyangwe uku kuri kuwedzera kwe25% zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare, mari inochengetwa mukushandisa inoigadzirira munguva yepakati.
Mutengo pa square mita Kuisirwa geothermal, inowanzotenderedza €120-135/m², uye kana yepasi pevhu ichidziya ichiwedzerwa, inogona kusvika €150-160/m².
Zvinhu zvinoita kuti mutengo wekupedzisira uwedzere kana kudhura
Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinopesvedzera kana mutengo wekupedzisira uchikwira kana kudzikira:
- Mhando yenzvimbo uye kureruka kwekuchera: Muvhu rakaoma segranite, kuchera kunodhura pakati pe22-25 / ml; Mune ivhu rejecha kana silty, nhamba inokwira kusvika € 30-40 / ml, inoda mamwe maitiro chaiwo.
- Kudiwa kwesimba: Kushandiswa kwepamusoro kunoda kuwedzera kuchera kana kuenzana kwekuwedzera, kuwedzera mutengo.
- Kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo: Kushaikwa kwebindu kana ivhu kunoda matsime akatwasuka, ayo anowanzo kudhura kupfuura matsime akachinjika.
- Emission system: Kuisa kupisa kwepasi, iyo inonyanya kushanda sarudzo, inowedzera mutengo, kunyangwe ichideredza kushandiswa kwesimba kusvika 75%.
- Zvishandiso uye otomatiki kumba: Smart masisitimu uye remote control inogona kuwedzera kusvika pakati pe200 € ne400 €.
- Premium midziyo: Mapombi epamusoro-soro uye accumulators epamusoro anogona kuwedzera mutengo kusvika pa25%.
Zvinokurudzirwa kukumbira akawanda makotesheni, kusanganisira ese basa, midziyo, uye zvinogoneka zvekuwedzera, pamwe nekuparara kwakajeka.
Muenzaniso chaiwo weiyo geothermal yekuisa bhajeti
Ngatitorei 180 m² imba muMadrid nemitengo inotevera:
- Matsime maviri akareba-mita 100 akatwasuka: 8.900 €
- 12 kW pombi inopisa: 11.000 €
- Matangi (DHW + inertia): 1.800 €
- Underfloor Heating system: 6.400 €
- Regulation uye control: 850 €
- Kutanga uye pamutemo: 610 €
Mari yacho yese ingangoita €29.560 (VAT inosanganisirwa, gore ra2024). Kana kupisa kwepasi kusina kusarudzwa, mutengo unodonha kusvika pamadhora makumi maviri nemaviri. Nerubatsiro, zvideredzwa zvinogona kuve zvakakosha.
Mutengo wekuchengetedza uye hupenyu hunobatsira hweiyo geothermal system
Geothermal simba rinoda kugadziridzwa kushoma pane gasi, dhiziri, kana biomass boilers, sezvo isingabatanidze kupisa kana kukurumidza kupfeka zvikamu.
- Hupenyu hwepombi yekupisa: pakati pemakore 20 ne25, kunyange kureba nekuongororwa nguva dzose.
- Kupindirana uye kuunganidza: Vanogona kugara pakati pemakore makumi mana nemakumi mashanu pasina matambudziko makuru.
- Mari yekugadzirisa yegore: pakati pe100 ne200 €, kusanganisira nguva nenguva.
Masisitimu emazuva ano anosanganisira kure kure, kuzviongorora, uye firmware zvigadziriso, zvichiita kuti kudzivirira kuchengetedza kuve nyore. Kazhinji, inoda kutariswa uye mari shoma pane mamwe masisitimu akajairwa.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pegeothermal uye aerothermal simba?
Masisitimu ese ari maviri anoshanda zvakanyanya uye anoshandisa simba rinodzokororwa, asi pane misiyano yakakosha inokanganisa mutengo uye ruzivo:
- Power source: Simba reAerothermal rinowana kupisa kubva kunze kwemhepo, iyo tembiricha yayo inosiyana, kunyanya munguva yechando, nepo geothermal simba rinotora mukana wekudziya kwakagadzikana kwepasi (15-18 ° C).
- Performance: Simba reGeothermal rinochengetedza kushanda zvakanaka nguva dzose (COP 4-5), zvichienzaniswa neaerothermal simba, iyo inogona kuderera mukupisa kwakanyanya.
- Mutengo wekuiswa: Simba reAerothermal rinowanzoita mari yakawanda (kubva pa€ 8.000 kune imwe imba) nokuti haidi kuchera kwakadzika, kunyange zvazvo kuchengetedza kwayo kwenguva refu kungave kwakaderera.
- Kugadziriswa: Masisitimu ese ari maviri anoda kugadziridzwa kushoma, kunyangwe aerothermal masisitimu angave akanyanya kutarisisa mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza uye tsvina.
- Nzvimbo uye ruzha: Simba reAerothermal rinoda nzvimbo yekunze uye rinogona kuburitsa ruzha, nepo geothermal simba rakanyarara uye risingaonekwe mushure mekuiswa.
Chisarudzo chinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze, bhajeti rekutanga, nzvimbo iripo uye zvinotarisirwa kuchengetedza.
Kubatsira uye nguva yekubhadhara: Zvakakosha here kuisa mari mugeothermal simba?
Kudhura kwekutanga kwekutanga kungaita sechipingamupinyi, asi kuchengetedza mukushandiswa kunogona kuderedza mabhiri emagetsi ne60-80% kana ichienzaniswa nemagetsi kana gasi maitiro.
- Imba ine mari yakapfuura yegore negore ye2.100 inogona kuderedza bhiri rayo kusvika pasi pe600 €, nekuda kwegeothermal simba.
- Nguva yekubhadhara inowanzova pakati pemakore manomwe kusvika gumi, zvichienderana nemitengo, simba, uye rubatsiro rwazvino.
- Kana yangobhadharwa, mari yekuchengetedza inogona kudarika € 1.500 pagore mukudziya uye mvura inopisa chete.
Munzvimbo dzine nguva yakareba yechando uye mitengo yemagetsi akakwirira, geothermal simba rinonyanya kudhura, richiwedzera kukosha kwesimba redzimba munguva yepakati.
Mabhenefiti makuru eiyo geothermal air conditioning
Kunze kwekuchengetwa kwehupfumi, geothermal simba rinopa zvikomborero zvakadai se:
- Haibudisi CO2 kana zvinosvibisa: Isimba rinodzokororwa uye rinobuda-risina kwazvakarerekera, rakakodzera shanduko yezvakatipoteredza.
- Yakagadzikana system gore rose: Hazvinei nemamiriro ekunze kana kupihwa kwemafuta efossil.
- Kunyarara uye kusingaoneki: hapana boilers kana chimneys, hapana emissions kana kunze ruzha.
- High mukurumari: Zvizhinji zvezvikamu zvine hupenyu hunobatsira hweanopfuura makore 20-30, kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
- Kugadzirisa kwakaderera: macheki mashoma uye hapana chikonzero chekuchenesa mafirita kana kushandura zvikamu pagore.
- Zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana: kudziyisa, kutonhodza, mvura inopisa, uye kunyangwe mhepo yekumisikidza yemadziva ekutuhwina kana maindasitiri maitiro.
- Rubatsiro uye kubviswa mutero: mapurogiramu anovhara kusvika ku50% yekudyara uye purofiti mune yemunhu mutero mutero kudzoka.
Kukanganisa uye miganhu yegeothermal simba
Kunyangwe iine zvakawanda zvakanaka, geothermal simba harina kukodzera munhu wese:
- Yakakwira yekutanga Investment: Kunyangwe ichipora munguva yepakati, inogona kuve chipingamupinyi kune vamwe.
- Zvido zvevhu: Inoda ivhu rakakwana kuti ribate kana kuchera, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kushanda kwayo.
- Geological limitations: Haasi ese ivhu anotendera kuchera kwakadzika kana kudhirowa kwakanaka, kunoda zvidzidzo zvegeotechnical zvisati zvaitika.
- Inoshanda mudzimba dziripo: kugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa zvivakwa zvinowedzera kuoma uye mutengo.
- Kushaikwa kwekuziva uye kusaitwa zvakanaka: Haisati iri tekinoroji yakawanda, iyo inokanganisa mitengo nemakwikwi.
Kuenzanisa nemamwe masimba anogona kuvandudzwa: solar, aerothermal uye biomass
Simba regeothermal rinofananidzwa sei nemamwe magetsi akasimba?
- Solar photovoltaic uye thermal: yakaderera yekutanga investimendi, yakanakira kuzvikwanira mumagetsi, asi yakaderera mupiro kune air conditioning munguva yechando kunze kwekusanganiswa.
- Aerotermia: kukosha kwakanaka kwemari mumamiriro ekunze ane mwero; Munzvimbo dzinotonhora, geothermal simba rinonyanya kushanda uye amortization.
- Biomass: sarudzo munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, kunyangwe ichida kuchengetwa kwemafuta uye inoburitsa hutsi hwehutsi, pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwakawanda.
Kubatanidza geothermal simba ne photovoltaic self-consumption ikozvino ndiyo inonyanya kushanda uye inodhura-inoshanda sarudzo yemhuri-yemhuri imwe chete, inobvumira kuderedza mari uye kufambira mberi kune kuchengetedzwa.
Kubatsira uye mari yekuisa geothermal
Kune akasiyana emari sarudzo uye magrants ekufambisa kuisa:
- European Next Generation Funds uye Recovery Plan: kusvika ku50% yemutengo, maererano neCCAA uye kufona.
- Rubatsiro rwedunhu nekanzuru: munharaunda dzakaita seGalicia, ine zvirongwa zvakananga zvevanhu pachavo uye nharaunda dzevavakidzani.
- Mutero unobviswa: Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kubviswa kwemutero wemutero wemunhu wekudyara mukushanda kwesimba.
- Mari yebhangi uye zvibvumirano nevagadziri: kubhadhara kwemakore akati wandei nemakwikwi mubereko.
Kutarisa rubatsiro rwazvino usati waita sarudzo kunogona kuita mutsauko wakakura mumutengo wekupedzisira.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezve Geothermal Energy, Mitengo, uye Kuita
Ndeipi nzvimbo yepasi shoma yandinoda kuisa simba regeothermal?
Zvinoenderana nehurongwa. Zvebasa rakamira, chidimbu chevhu kana yadhi ndiyo chete yaunoda kuti uwane muchina. Horizontal inoda nzvimbo yakakwana, yakaenzana ne2-3 nguva yenzvimbo yemba.
Zvine pundutso here mudzimba dziripo?
Hongu, kunyangwe kuchinjika kungasanganisira imwe mari. Zvinonyanya kukurudzirwa kugadziridza kwakazara kana avo vane nzvimbo yakakwana yebasa rekuvaka.
Unochengeta marii pagore?
Kuchengetedza kunogona kudarika 60-80%, iyo inoshandura mu € 1.000-1.600 zvishoma mumabhiri egore.
Ndeipi sherufu yayo?
Iyo pombi inopisa inotora makore anenge 20-25; Iyo inobatwa inogona kugara kusvika kumakore makumi mashanu kana ikachengetwa zvakanaka.
Zvinoita marii kuichengetedza?
Mari yegore yekugadzirisa inotangira kubva ku100 kusvika ku250 €, kunyanya yekuongorora uye cheki.
Mazuvano maitiro uye ramangwana regeothermal simba muSpain
Innovation muchikamu uye kubatanidzwa ne solar simba chinzvimbo geothermal simba seimwe yeakanakisa dzimwe nzira dze zadzisa zvinangwa zveEuropean Union panosvika gore ra2050. Tekinoroji dzakavandudzwa, kuderera kwemitengo, uye rubatsiro zviri kukurudzira kuita kwavo. Iko kusanganiswa ne solar panel kugadzira magetsi epombi yekupisa kunoderedza mari yekushandisa uye kunowedzera kusimba.
Pilot mapurojekiti uye zvidzidzo Vanoratidza kuchengetedza kweanopfuura makumi manomwe muzana mukushandiswa kwesimba, neamortizations isingasviki makore gumi. Maitiro anoratidza kugamuchirwa kukuru uye kukura mumisika yekugara uye yebhizinesi, kubatanidza geothermal simba semhinduro yakavimbika uye inoshanda yeramangwana.
