Zvipfuyo Yakave imwe yezviitwa zvevanhu zvine kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa uye kubuda kwemagreenhouse magasi (GHG). Maererano neFAO, iyo Zvipfuyo zvinomiririra 14,5% yepasi rose GHG emissions, kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza zvakanyanya. Uyezve, maitiro ekurima ezvipfuyo akawedzera kuwedzera mhedzisiro iyi, ine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemhuka uye kudiwa kukuru kwezvigadzirwa zvenyama.
Maererano nemushumo wechangobva kuitika we FAO, indasitiri yezvipfuyo gore negore inobuda 7,1 gigatonnes yecarbon dioxide yakaenzana, inova 15% yezvose zvinobuda zvinokonzerwa nemabasa evanhu. Chinhu chinonyanya kutyisa ndechekuti chikamu chikuru chezvinobuda izvi zvinobva mukubereka uye kutonga kwakasimba kwezvipfuyo, maitiro asingawanzo kuzadzisa zviyero zvekuchengetedza.
Main sources ekubudisa emissions mukurima kwezvipfuyo
Muchinyorwa chakaburitswa neFAO, zvikamu zvakasiyana zvehupenyu hwekupfuya zvipfuyo zvinoburitsa mhepo yeGHG zvakaonekwa. Izvi zvinobuda zvinobva kune kugadzirwa uye kutakurwa kwechikafu chezvipfuyo, kushandiswa kwe simba mumapurazi and the kuburitsa kunokonzerwa nekugayiwa y kuora kwemupfudze. Pazasi pane zvinhu zvikuru:
- Kugadzirwa uye shanduko yefosho: Iyi nzira ine mutoro we 45% yehutsi, zvikuru nekuda kwekushandiswa kwefetereza yemakemikari kurima chikafu chinopa zvipfuyo.
- Enteric fermentation: Kudyiwa kwemhuka dzinodya (mombe, kunyanya) ndiko kunokonzera 39% yehutsi, kunyanya nekuti ivo vanogadzira methane, gasi rinokuvadza kupfuura CO2.
- Kuora mupfudze: El 10% yehutsi Inouya zvakananga kubva pakuparara kwemupfudze, dambudziko rinowedzera kana zvivako zvisina kukwana.
Kurima kwezvipfuyo zvakanyanya: kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvinonetsa
kupfuya zvakanyanya Igadziriro inogadzira yakawedzera mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kunyanya munyika dzichiri kusimukira, nekuda kwekuwedzera kuri kuita chikafu chemhuka. Nekudaro, iyi modhi yekugadzira yakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwayo kukanganiswa kwemamiriro okunze and the kushungurudzwa kwemhuka izvo zvinogadzirwa mune mamwe mamiriro.
Mukurima zvipfuyo zvakanyanya, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvipfuyo hunosimudzwa munzvimbo diki vachishandisa nzira dzekurima. high performance feed kuti ikurumidze kukura kwayo. Uyezve, vanoshandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, izvo zvinogadzira matambudziko maviri: kushungurudzwa kwemhuka uye kuburitsa kwakanyanya kwe kusvibisa tsvina.
Kurasa uye kusvibiswa
Rimwe dambudziko guru riri kutarisana nekupfuya kwezvipfuyo zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwezvipfuyo zvakawanda marara, izvo zvinosanganisira mupfudze nemvura yetsvina, izvo zvitubu zve kusvibiswa kwemhepo nemvura. Kunyanya, kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwe mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye mafetireza inosvibisa mvura, inokanganisa kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zvezvipenyu zvemvura zviri pedyo uye zvichibatsira pakusikwa kwe nzvimbo dzakafa uko upenyu husingabviri.
Emissions yegreenhouse magasi
La enteric fermentation yezvipfuyo zvinogadzira methane, gasi rine a greenhouse effect 25 times more powerful kupfuura carbon dioxide. Maererano neIPCC, methane inomiririra nezve 50% yeGHG emissions yekupfuya zvakanyanya. Uyezve, the kurima nguruve Iyo zvakare yakakura emitter yemethane, ichigadzira 76% yehutsi hunobva mukutarisira manyowa.
Kuparadzwa kwezvipenyu uye kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana
A side effect of intensive farming farming is kutemwa kwemasango, iyo inogadzirwa kuti iwedzere ivhu rakagadzirirwa mafuro kana zvirimwa zvemafuro. Maererano neFAO, 70% yeminda yakatemwa masango muLatin America Vakasandurwa mafuro nezvirimwa zvekudyisa zvipfuyo.
Uyu kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu ine kukanganisa kunoparadza pa dzakasiyana-siyana, sezvo mhuka nemiti yakawanda ichirasikirwa nenzvimbo yazvo yokugara, izvo zvinoisa upenyu hwazvo mungozi.
Dzimwe nzira dzakagadzikana dzekudzikisa kuburitswa
Pasinei nematambudziko akaonekwa, a FAO uye mamwe masangano anopa dzimwe nzira dzekudzikisa kusvika 30% yehutsi inogadzirwa nemhuka. Zviito zvinotevera zvinoratidzwa semhinduro dzinobvira:
- Nandudza manejimendi emupfudze: Kurudzira matekinoroji anobvumira kuparara kwemupfudze pasina kuburitsa zvinobuda. Somuenzaniso, the anaerobic digestion inogona kugadzira biogas.
- Natsiridza kudya kwezvipfuyo: Dyisa mhuka dzine mafuro anoburitsa kuvirisa kushoma uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwemethane.
- Kuderedza tsvina: Kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka mukugadzirwa kwechikafu uye chekufambisa kuderedza kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa.
Kuitwa kwematanho aya, pamwe chete nekudyiwa zvine hungwaru nehuwandu hwevanhu, zvinogona kudzikisira kukanganiswa kwekupfuya zvipfuyo uye kuita kuti mhepo isanyanya kusvibiswa. Kutora mazano ezvekurima, kunyanya mukushandisa zviwanikwa uye kutonga kwemarara, kwakakosha pakuzadzisa zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze uye kuderedza kudziya kwepasi.