Hukama huri pakati pekutsva kwemafuta ezvicherwa uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ndeimwe yezvakanyanya kukosha zvezvakatipoteredza uye zvemagariro nyaya nhasi. Isu tinorarama munguva iyo simba rinokosha munenge mune zvese zvehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, kubva kubatidza mwenje kumba kusvika pakufamba uchishandisa chero nzira yekufambisa. Zvisinei, kuseri kwesimba rinoita kuti upenyu hwedu huve hwakasununguka uye hunobudirira, kune chokwadi chinoshungurudza chezvakatipoteredza chatisingachagoni kufuratira. Kunzwisisa kukanganiswa uku kwakakosha pakutora mhinduro dzakasimba uye kuenda kune ramangwana rakagadzikana.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichatarisa zvakadzama kuti kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemafuta ezvicherwa — marasha, oiri, uye gasi rechisikigo — kuri kukanganisa sei kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, tichiongorora kwete zvikonzero zvazvo chete asiwo mhedzisiro yazvo kune hutano, zvisikwa, uye nharaunda yesimba. Pamusoro pezvo, isu tichaongorora dzimwe nzira uye nhanho dzekudzikisa izvi mhedzisiro, tichipa yakazara uye inoshanda ongororo yakavakirwa pane yazvino data uye masosi.
Chii chinonzi mafuta efossil uye nei achishandiswa zvakanyanya?
Mafuta emafuta Izvo zvisingagoni kudzokororwa simba zviwanikwa izvo zvakaumbwa kubva mukuora kwe organic matter — zvirimwa, mhuka, uye tupukanana — kwemamiriyoni emakore pasi pevhu.
Marasha, mafuta uye gasi rechisikigo ndivo vamiririri vakuru vechikamu ichi. Mukukura kwese kwemunhu, vakave musana wemuenzaniso wesimba repasirese, sezvo zviri nyore kuchengeta nekutakura, uye vaine hukoshi hwepamusoro hwekoriori. Ichi ndicho chikonzero ichishandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira magetsi, kufambisa, kupisa, uye kugadzira maindasitiri.
Zvisinei, Uku kutsamira pamafuta efossil kune mutengo wakanyanya kwezvakatipoteredza., sezvo kubviswa kwayo, kugadzirisa uye kupisa kunogadzira huwandu hukuru hwemagasi anokuvadza uye zvinosvibisa zvinokanganisa zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga pasi uye hutano hwedu.
Kupisa kwemafuta ezvicherwa kunogadzira magasi egreenhouse
Dambudziko guru rekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa izvi ndeye greenhouse gasi kubuda, pakati peiyo carbon dioxide inobuda pachena (CO2) Kana mafossil anopiswa kugadzira magetsi, kupisa, kufambisa mota kana kugadzira zvigadzirwa, CO2 inoburitswa pamwe nemamwe magasi anosvibisa semethane.CH4nitrogen oxides (NOx, sulfur dioxide (SO2) uye zvidimbu zvakaturikwa.
Aya magasi akavharirwa mumhepo uye anoita segumbeze, kuchengetedza kupisa kwezuva, izvo zvinokonzeresa kupisa kwepasi pose. Sekureva kweUN, kuburitswa kweCO2 kuri kuramba kuchikwira, uye mhepo yePasi yakatopfuura miganhu yenhoroondo mukuwanda kwegasi, zvichikonzera kukwira kusati kwamboitika kwekushisa kwepasirese.
Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemhando imwe neimwe yefossil mafuta
Mazimbe
El marasha Idombo re sedimentary rinoumbwa zvakanyanya nekabhoni, mhedzisiro yekuparara kwechirimwa pasi pemamiriro ekunyanya kunyorova uye kumanikidzwa kwemamiriyoni emakore. Nhoroondo, yanga iri imwe yemafuta akakosha ekugadzira magetsi, kunyanya kubva kuRevolution Revolution.
- Kana apiswa, marasha anogadzira yakanyanya CO2 pachikamu chesimba. zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mafuta ezvicherwa. Mukuwedzera, inobudisa SO2-inotarisira mvura yeasidhi-pamwe chete nezvikamu zvakanaka zvinokanganisa hutano hwemhepo uye hutano.
La kuchera marasha Zvinosanganisira kuparadzwa kukuru kwenzvimbo dzechisikigo, kutemwa kwemasango, kuparara kwevhu uye kusvibiswa kwemvura yepasi.
Mafuta
El petroleum Iri sosi yemabviro emugungwa, akaumbwa kubva kune organic masara anoshandurwa pasi pekumanikidzwa uye kupisa. Ndiyo hwaro hwemafuta akadai sepeturu, dhiziri neparafini, uye yeindasitiri yepetrochemical.
- Su Kupisa kunoburitsa huwandu hwakakura hwe CO2 uye NOx, zvichibatsira ku greenhouse effect uye kuumbwa kwetropospheric ozone, pamwe chete necarcinogenic zvinhu zvakadai se polycyclic inonhuwira hydrocarbons.
La kudhirowa uye kutakura, kunyanya kurashikirwa, kwakonzera njodzi huru yezvakatipoteredza, inokanganisa kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu uye inosvibisa mvura nevhu.
Gasi redenga
El gasi chaiwo Iyo inonyanya kuve methane uye inowanzoonekwa seyakachena kupfuura marasha nemafuta, sezvo inoburitsa shoma CO2 kana yapiswa. Inoshandiswa pakudziya, kugadzira magetsi uye semafuta emotokari.
- Zvisinei nekushomeka kwavo kwe CO2, methane inodonha panguva yekuchera uye kutakura Vanounza dambudziko rakakura, sezvo methane iri greenhouse gasi rine simba zvakanyanya kupfuura CO2 munguva pfupi.
Kushandiswa kwegasi rechisikigo kunoshandurawo zvipenyu uye zvinogona kusvibisa mvura kuburikidza nekushandisa hunyanzvi hwakadai sefracking.
Mhedzisiro yekupisa mafuta efossil pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze
Kuburitswa kwemagasi egreenhouse kunogadzira a huwandu hwemhedzisiro yemamiriro ekunze pasi rose:
- Kuwedzera muavhareji tembiricha yepasi rose, iyo inowedzera kuwanda uye kusimba kwemafungu ekupisa, kusanaya kwemvura, mafashamo uye dutu rine chisimba.
Zvinokonzera zvakare kunyunguduka kwemazaya echando nemazaya echando pamatanda, kusimudza mwero wegungwa uye kuisa nharaunda dzemahombekombe uye nemhoteredzo yese panjodzi.
- Zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya kuwedzera zvinokanganisa zvekurima nemvura, zvichikanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu pasi rose.
Chinyorwa chinoitwa kurasikirwa kukuru kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kutamiswa kwenzvimbo dzekugara, kuchiwedzera dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza.
Chirevo chechangobva kuitika chinoyambira kuti kana tembiricha yepasi rose ikakwira ne2 ° C panosvika 2100, mamirioni ekuwedzera kufa anogona kubva muzviitiko zvekupisa kwakanyanya, kunyanya kukanganisa mapoka ari munjodzi.
Kusvibiswa kwesimba: zvakanyanya kudarika magasi egreenhouse
Haisi chete CO2 iri kunetsa. Kupisa uye kubata kwemafuta efossil kunogadzira kusvibiswa kwemhepo kuburikidza nezvimedu zvakanaka, kabhoni monoxide uye zvinorema simbi, zvinokonzeresa zvirwere zvekufema uye zvemoyo.
La kusvibiswa kwemvura Izvo zvakare zvakakomba. Kurasika kweoiri, kuraswa kwemakemikari, uye acidization yegungwa zvinokuvadza zvipenyu zvemugungwa, zvinokanganisa cheni dzechikafu, uye zvinokanganisa kunaka kwemvura yekunwa.
Uyewo, the kutemwa kwemasango uye kuparadzwa kwevhu Kuburikidza nekuchera, vanoparadza nzvimbo dzekugara, zvichitadzisa kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu uye kuwedzera kukura kwegwenga.
Kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu
La kusangana nezvinosvibisa kubva mukutsva kwehuturu zvinokanganisa zvakakomba utano hwemamiriyoni evanhu. Sekureva kweWHO, vanopfuura 99% yevagari vanofema mweya wakasvibiswa pamusoro peiyo miganhu inokurudzirwa, zvichiwedzera huwandu hwezvirwere zvekufema, kenza, uye kufa nguva isati yakwana.
Kupisa kwemafungu uye zvirwere zvinopisa, zvinotungamirirwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvinowedzera njodzi kuvana, vakwegura, uye vanhu vane zvirwere zvisingaperi.
Economic and social impact ye fossil fuel dependence
El kushandiswa kukuru kwefossil fuels Haisi kungokuvadza zvakatipoteredza uye hutano, asiwo inogadzira njodzi dzenguva refu dzehupfumi. Kusiyana kwemitengo, kukwikwidza kwezviwanikwa zvishoma, uye mutengo wenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzine chekuita nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze zvinoisa mutoro wakakura paupfumi hwenyika.
Zvikamu zvakaita sekurima, kushanya, uye kubata hove ndiwo ari kunyanya kukanganiswa nekudziya kwepasi nekuparara kwemhoteredzo. Kurasikirwa kwechigadzirwa, mari yekuchengetedza hutano, uye kutamiswa kwevanhu kunomiririra matambudziko ari kukura munharaunda.
Tinogona here kuderedza kukanganisa? Eneji dzimwe nzira nemhinduro
Kumisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuderedza kusvibiswa, zvakakosha zvishoma nezvishoma siya mafuta efossil nekuda kwesimba rinodzokororwa.
Solar, mhepo uye hydroelectric simba
- Aya masosi anogona kuvandudzwa zvachose, haana muganho, uye haaburitse CO2 emissions panguva yekushanda.
- Simba rezuva inoshandura mwaranzi yezuva kuva magetsi pasina kusvibiswa kwakananga.
- Mhepo anotora simba remhepo nenzira yakachena.
- The hydroelectric plant inoshandisa kufamba kwemvura kugadzira magetsi, ine kabhoni kari shoma.
Mamwe matekinoroji mukuchinja
- Simba renyukireya: haibudisi CO2 panguva yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kunyangwe ichigadzira tsvina yenyukireya uye inoda hutungamiriri hwakasimba kudzivirira njodzi.
- biomass uye biogas: Inogona kuva sarudzo dzakagadzikana chero bedzi kwakabva zvinhu zvichidzorwa uye hupenyu hwavo hwakakwana hunotora CO2 yakawanda sezvainobudisa.
- Green hydrogen: inogadzirwa kubva kune anodzoreredzwa masosi, inzira inovimbisa kune zvikamu zvakaoma kuisa magetsi.
matanho ekugadzirisa simba
Kupfuura kuchinja simba sosi, Kushanda kwesimba kwakakosha pakuderedza kushandiswa kwepasi rose. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuvandudza kuvharirwa kwezvivakwa, kukwenenzvera mhepo yekufefetera nemwenje masisitimu, uye kushandisa midziyo isingadyi simba, pamwe nekusimudzira zvifambiso zveveruzhinji, mabhasikoro, uye mota dzemagetsi.
Nei tisina kusiya mafuta efossil parizvino?
Kunyangwe mhinduro dziri patafura, iyo shanduko yesimba kunosanganisira matambudziko makuru:
- Yakakwira yekutanga mari mune zvinogonekazve zvivakwa uye kuchengetedza simba.
- Zvido zvehupfumi yemakambani makuru emafuta emafuta uye chimiro chehupfumi chepasi rose chichiri kutsamira paoiri negesi.
- Kushaikwa kwezvido zvevanhu mitemo uye kushorwa nekuchinja kwekushandisa uye maitiro ekufamba.
Nekudaro, zvibvumirano zvichangoburwa zvepasirese-sezviya zvakasvikwa kuCOP28-zvinosimbisa kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kusiya mafuta efossil uye katatu anogona kuvandudzwazve panosvika 2030.
Tarisiro yeramangwana nekukasira kwekuchinja
Zvese zvesainzi uye zvehupfumi zviratidzo zvinonongedza chokwadi chekuti Kuderedza zvakanyanya kupisa kwemafuta efossil chinhu chakakosha. Kufambira mberi kwesimba rinodzokororwa uye kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji kunoita kuti vawedzere kukwikwidza, nepo njodzi dzekusaita dzichiwanda nenzira yezviitiko zvakanyanyisa, kuparara kwezvakatipoteredza, uye matambudziko emagariro.
Shanduko inotsamira kwete chete pane zvematongerwo enyika uye zvemakambani kuita, asiwo pazvisarudzo zvemazuva ese sevatengi, vanoda zvigadzirwa zvine mutoro uye masevhisi uye kutora maitiro esimba akasimba.