Shandura iyo kabhoni dhayokisaidhi uye chiedza chezuva mumafuta emvura Haisisiri pfungwa yekungoshandisa marabhoritari chete. Mumakore achangopfuura, mapoka akati wandei ekutsvagisa ekuEurope nekuAsia ave achitora matanho akasimba ekuona kuti mamwe mafuta emangwana anobva kuCO₂, iyo parizvino inoonekwa semarara.
MuSpain, chirongwa chinotungamirwa ne Veruzhinji Yunivhesiti yeNavarra Inoshanda pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzetekinoroji nemakambani kugadzira michina inogadzira mafuta ekugadzira anogona kushandiswazve kubva mumvura neCO₂Zvichakadaro, mune dzimwe nyika, masisitimu ekugadzira photosynthesis ari kugadziriswa anogona kubatanidzwa muzvikamu izvi zvekugadzira, zvichiratidza mufananidzo wekuti "kugadzira mafuta kubva mumhepo" hakuchanzwiki sengano yesainzi.
Panel-to-Fuel: kugadzira mafuta achishandisa zuva, mvura uye CO₂ muSpain
Iyo purojekiti Panel-to-Fuel, yakasimudzirwa nePublic University of Navarra (UPNA) kuburikidza neINAMAT² institute, iyo Nzvimbo yeTekinoroji yeLurederra uye nekambani Navarra Mechanical Engineering (INM)Chinangwa chayo ndechekuratidza kuti zvinogoneka kugadzira mafuta ekugadzira uchishandisa chete renewable resources: mwaranzi yezuva, mvura uye CO₂ zvakatorwa kubva mumhepo.
Pfungwa huru ndeyekutsiva chikamu che mafuta emvura anobva mupeturu nedzimwe nzira dzinoenderana neinjini dziripo, asi dzinogadzirwa kuburikidza nemaitiro asingawedzere CO₂ mumhepo. Nechinangwa ichi, kutenderera kunokurudzirwa umo CO₂ inotorwa kubva mumhepo, uye hydrogen yegirini inowanikwa nechiedza chezuva. uye zvose zvinosanganiswa kugadzira mafuta ekugadzira anogona kushandiswa mukutakura.
Maitiro aya anotsvaga kugadzirisa rimwe rematambudziko makuru emamiriro ekunze: kubvisa kabhoni mumasectors akaoma kushandisa magetsi, zvakaita sekutakura zvinhu zvinorema mumugwagwa, zvemugungwa kana zvendege, uko kutsiva zvakananga nemabhatiri hakusi nguva dzose kunobatsira pahunyanzvi kana muhupfumi.
Chirongwa ichi hachingogumiri pakugadzira mishonga chete, asiwo chinosanganisira ongororo dzezvehupfumi nedzezvakatipoteredza kuti tione kana maitiro aya achikwanisa kukwikwidzana, munguva yepakati, nesarudzo dzechinyakare dzemafuta efosili nedzimwe nzira dzinogona kushandiswazve dziripo kare pamusika.
Panera rekugadzira mifananidzo rinotevedzera zvirimwa
Pakati pePanel-to-Fuel pane panera re photocatalytic iyo inoshanda zvakasiyana nepaneru yemagetsi inogadzirwa nemagetsi. Panzvimbo pekugadzira magetsi, mudziyo uyu unoshandisa chiedza chezuva kuparadzanisa mamorekuru emvura uye kugadzira hydrogenpasina kushandisa simba kubva pagrid.
Magadzirirwo eUPNA ma reactor anogadzirwa achishandisa 3D printingne geometrics dzakagadzirirwa kuburitsa zvinhu zvinoshanda kumwaranzi yezuva zvakanaka. Chinangwa ndechekuparadzira chiedza zviri nani pamusoro penzvimbo iyo mhinduro inoitika, nokudaro zvichiwedzera huwandu hwehydrogen inogona kuwanikwa mumvura.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Lurederra Technology Centre inobatsira nanomaterials dzinokwanisa kubata nekushandisa chiedza chezuva nekushanda nesimbaMakemikoro aya anoshanda semaphotocatalysts, kureva kuti, anokonzera uye anokurumidzisa maitiro emakemikari paanogamuchira maphoton, zvakafanana nezvinoitwa nepigments mumashizha emiti panguva ye photosynthesis yechisikigo.
Iyo kambani Ingeniería Navarra Mecánica ndiyo inoona nezve mainjiniya emuenzaniso wekutanga wakabatanidzwa, chikamu chekuratidzira chichabatanidza muhurongwa humwe kugadzirwa kwehydrogen, kubatwa kweCO₂ uye kugadzirwa kwemafuta anogona kushandiswazve.
Pamwe chete nekugadzirwa kwemidziyo iyi, boka iri riri kushanda pa zvinhu zvinokwezva mweya kuti zvibate CO₂ kubva mumhepo, inokwanisa kuchengetedza gasi iri pamusoro payo yozoiburitsa nenzira inodzorwa kuti iiswe mukuchinja kwesimba.
Kubva kuCO₂ nehydrogen kusvika kumafuta emvura: methanol neFischer-Tropsch
Kana wangove ne hydrogen yakasvibirira uye CO₂ yakatorwaDanho rinotevera nderekushandura kuita mamorekuru anogona kushandiswa semafuta emvura. Chikwata chinotungamirwa naLuis Gandía Pascual naFernando Bimbela Serrano chiri kuongorora nzira mbiri huru kuzviita.
Nzvimbo dzekutanga dzekuzorora kuenda ku methanol sedanho repakatiMuchiitiko ichi, CO₂ inosangana nehydrogen kuti igadzire methanol, molecule iyo, inogona kushandurwa kuita mafuta akaomarara kana kushandiswa zvakananga mune mamwe mashandisirwo emaindasitiri nesimba.
Nzira yechipiri yakavakirwa pashanduro yakagadziriswa yemaitiro acho Fischer-Tropschtekinoroji inozivikanwa inobvumira kushandurwa kwemisanganiswa yecarbon monoxide nehydrogen kuita mahydrocarbon emvura akafanana nemafuta enguva dzoseChinokosha apa ndechekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kupisa kuti zvitange neCO₂ uye kuwana musanganiswa wegasi wakakodzera wekupa simba maitiro iwayo.
Sangano iri rinoenzanisa sarudzo dzese mbiri kuti rione nzira ipi inokodzera zvakanyanya muketani yakazaraTichifunga nezvekushandisa simba zvakanaka, mari yekushandisa, kuomarara kwehunyanzvi uye kubatanidzwa neCO₂ capture module uye photocatalytic hydrogen production panel.
Sekureva kwemuongorori Fernando Bimbela, mukuru weboka reQuiProVal kuUPNA, ma prototypes akagadzirwa atobvumidza Kuwana solar methane kubva kuCO₂ uye green hydrogenuye basa riri kuenderera mberi rekuwedzera mahydrocarbon ane maatomu ekabhoni akawanda, ari pedyo nemafuta emvura anoshandiswa zuva nezuva.
Dhizaini yakakombama, sisitimu yemodular uye rutsigiro rweEurope
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinosiyanisa Panel-to-Fuel ndiko kugadzirwa kwe reactor ine dhizaini yakakombama Dhizaini iyi inotarisa mwaranzi yezuva chaiyo munzvimbo inonyanya kuitika makemikari. Iyi geometry inobvumira kushandiswa zviri nani kwezuva nekupisa, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwesystem.
Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuva ne musangano we modular unokwanisa kushanda nguva dzose uye kwakasimbakuita mabasa matatu panguva imwe chete: kugadzira hydrogen, kubata CO₂ kubva mumhepo, uye kuishandura kuita mafuta ekugadzira. Kuchinja-chinja kwaizobatsira kugadzirisa kugona kwekugadzira kunzvimbo dzakasiyana, kubva kunzvimbo dzekuedza dziri pedyo nenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa kusvika kumafekitori makuru ari pedyo nezvikamu zvemaindasitiri kana zvekutakura zvinhu.
Pamusoro pekugadzira tekinoroji, chirongwa ichi chinosanganisira zvidzidzo zvekubudirira kwehupfumi uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredzazvakakosha kuti tione kana mafuta aya ekugadzira achikwanisa kukwikwidzana nedhiziri remazuva ano, peturu kana parafini, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvakaita semotokari dzemagetsi kana hydrogen yakamanikidzwa.
Zvinhu zvekushandisa panel-to-Fuel mari kubva kuState Research Agency, of Kudzoreredza, Shanduko uye Kuronga Resili uye kubva kumari dzeEurope NextGenerationEUpamwe nerubatsiro rwakadai se RENOCogenIzvi zvinosimbisa basa rerudzi urwu rweprojekiti muhurongwa hwekubvisa kabhoni mukugadzira zvinhu uye kugadzirisa maindasitiri matsva eSpain neEuropean Union.
Chikwata ichi chinosanganisira vaongorori vanobva kuUPNA vakaita se Luis Gandía, Fernando Bimbela naIsmael Pellejerokubva kuLurederra, se Cristina Salazar naCarmen Garijo; uye kubva kuboka Ingeniería Navarra Mecánica, pakati pavo Uxue LlorenteIzvi zvinoratidza kushanda pamwe chete pakati peyunivhesiti, nzvimbo ye tekinoroji, nebazi rezvemabhizinesi.
Kugadzira photosynthesis: kufambira mberi kwenyika dzese kunongedzera kumafuta ezuva
Vari muNavarre vari kushanda kuti vabatanidze maitiro ese muhurongwa humwe chete hwe modular, mamwe mapoka epasi rose ari kufambira mberi pachikamu chinowedzera: zvinokonzeresa photonic zvinoshanda zvakanyanya inokwanisa kushandura CO₂ ichishandisa chiedza chezuva nemvura chete sezvinhu zvikuru zvinopinda.
Muenzaniso wechangobva kuitika unobva kuchikwata chiri mu Chinese Academy yeSainzi uye kubva kuHong Kong University of Science and Technology, iyo yakapa hurongwa hwe artificial photosynthesis yakaburitswa mujenari reNature Communications. Maitiro avo anosanganisira kushandisa chinhu chinonzi Ag/WO₃, tungsten trioxide yakachinjwa nesirivha, iyo inoshanda semhando ye kuchengetwa kwemaerekitironi kwenguva pfupi mukati me catalyst.
Kana chinhu ichi chavhenekerwa, chinogona chengeta uye sunungura maerekitironi nenzira yakadzorwa, iyo inokosha pakuderedza CO₂ zvinobudirira. Kana ikasanganiswa ne cobalt-based molecular catalyst, iyo cobalt phthalocyanineSisitimu iyi inokwanisa kushandura CO₂ nemvura kuita kabhoni monoxide nekumhanya kwakanyanya kupfuura kwezvakamboitwa kare.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu emurabhoritari, mazinga ekugadzirwa anoenderana ne 1,5 millimoles yecarbon monoxide pa gramu ye catalyst paawainodarika kanenge zana kupfuura cobalt catalyst imwe chete isina "chaji rekuchengetedza" inopihwa neAg/WO₃. Kunyangwe ichiri pazviyero zvidiki, kuvandudzwa kwebasa kwakakosha mune zvesainzi.
Kuti carbon monoxide haisi mafuta akagadzirira kushandiswa mutangi, asi inoumba imwe yemafuta matombo ekutanga ekugadzira mafuta ekugadzira, kuburikidza nenzira dzemaindasitiri dzatove kuzivikanwa dzakadai sekugadzira gasi (syngas) zvichiteverwa nemaitiro erudzi rweFischer-Tropsch, iwo mafungiro akafanana neanoongororwa mumapurojekiti akadai sePanel-to-Fuel.
Dhizaini yakachena: mvura senzvimbo yemaerekitironi
Chimwe chezvinetso zvakajairika muzvirongwa zvakawanda zvekugadzira photosynthesis ndechekuda kushandisa vamiririri vanokwanisa kushandiswaZvimwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti basa rifambe zvakanaka asi zvinodyiwa uye zvinoburitsa marara. Dhizaini yeChinese inoedza kukunda dambudziko iri nekushandisa mvura senzvimbo yemaerekitironi, nzira iri pedyo nekushanda kweshizha chairo.
Muzvisikwa, mamorekuru akaita seplastoquinone anochengeta maerekitironi kwenguva pfupi kuti aenderane maitiro akawanda e photochemical panguva imwe cheteYakafuridzirwa nemaitiro aya, Ag/WO₃ system inobvumira tungsten kuchinja mamiriro ayo e oxidation nekugamuchira nekubvisa maerekitironi, kuitira kuti catalyst inoderedza CO₂ ive nekuchaja kwakawanda kwenguva yakareba.
Iyi michina ye kuchengetera mari inobhadharwa nguva nenguva Zvinoderedza kurasikirwa uye zvinovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro acho, izvo zvakakosha kana masisitimu aya achizochinja kubva murabhoritari kuenda kumashandisirwo anoshanda uko mutengo pakirogiramu yechigadzirwa wakakosha.
Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti mudziyo uyu haungoshandi chete pasi pemwenje wekugadzira unodzorwa, asi wakaedzwawo ne chiedza chezuva chechisikigouku ichiramba ichikwanisa kushandura CO₂ kuita carbon monoxide. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti tekinoroji iyi inogona kubatanidzwa mu ma reactor anofambiswa zvakananga nemagetsi anodzorerwa, pasina kushandisa grid yemagetsi.
Kubva pamaonero ekugadzira zvinhu, chirongwa cheAg/WO₃ chinozviratidza senzira inoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana, sezvo rutsigiro rumwe chete ruchigona kusanganiswa ne zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzeresa zvichienderana nechigadzirwa chaunoda, zvichivhura mukana wekuwana mafuta akasiyana-siyana uye makemikari anobva kuzuva.
Kukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze, matambudziko uye kuwirirana nemaitiro eEurope
The mukana we shandura CO₂ kuita mafuta ekugadzira nerubatsiro rwezuva Inoenderana zvakakwana nemaitiro eEurope ekubvisa kabhoni, asi mupiro wayo chaiwo unoenderana nehupenyu hwese. Kuti mafuta aya asave asina chekuita nemamiriro ekunze, CO₂ inoshandiswa inofanira kubva zvinyorwa zvakatorwakungave kuburitswa kwemhepo mumaindasitiri kana zvakananga kubva mumhepo, uye maitiro ese anofanira kudyidzwa ne renewable energy.
Kunyangwe kana zvikumbiro izvozvo zvikazadzikiswa, nyanzvi dzinoti Kushanda zvakanaka kwazvo kuchiri kure nekunaka.Danho rega rega — kubatwa kweCO₂, kugadzirwa kwehydrogen, kushandurwa kuita mafuta emvura, kuchengetwa nekugoverwa — kunosanganisira kurasikirwa nesimba kunoshandura mari shoma uye kudiwa kwesimba rinogona kushandiswazve.
Kunyangwe zvakadaro, mafuta aya ezuva anogona kuita basa rakakosha muzvikamu izvo Hazvisi nyore kuisa magetsi zvakananga kana kutsiva mainjini nezvivakwa zviripo munguva pfupi. Ndege, kutakura zvinhu mugungwa, uye mamwe maindasitiri makuru anoonekwa kakawanda pane iyi runyorwa rwe "zvakaoma kuderedza."
Kubva pamaonero emutemo wesimba, mibvunzo inoshanda zvikuru inomukawo: Marii rimwe chete remafuta erudzi urwu? Zvichienzaniswa nedhiziri kana peturu yechinyakare, ichabatanidzwa sei muzvigadziriso zviripo uye network, uye matekinoroji aya achawana rutsigiro rwakadii kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe nzira dzakadai semotokari dzemagetsi kana hydrogen yemasero emafuta?
MuEurope, musanganiswa wemapurojekiti akaita sePanel-to-Fuel ne kufambira mberi kwenyika dzese en photosynthesis yekugadzira uye catalysts itsva Zvinoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu apo CO₂ haichaonekwi sedambudziko chete asi inoonekwa sechiwanikwa. Sezvo mamiriro ekunze achidziya uye mitengo yemafuta ichichinja-chinja, kukura kwe mafuta ekugadzira anogona kushandiswazve zvichibva pachiedza chezuva neCO₂ Iri kubuda senzira inobatsira maindasitiri nenharaunda kuti vatange kufamba nenzira imwe chete.