Mujaho wekubvisa kabhoni mumaindasitiri asingakwanise kushandiswa nemabhatiri wakaisa biofuels pakati pehurukuro. Mundege, migodhi, uye kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvinorema, mafuta anodzokororwa anoonekwa semhinduro iri nyore kuwana, pasina chikonzero chekugadzirisa zvizere mainjini nezvivakwa. Izvi zvinoshanda zvinoenderana nedambudziko guru: kudiwa kwemutemo kuri kukura nekukurumidza kupfuura kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa.
MuSpain nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope, mitemo yeEU iri kukurudzira kuti mamwe mafuta eparafini, dhiziri, uye mafuta efosili atsiviwe nemamwe mafuta akadai seSAF, HVO, uye biomethane atsiviwe. Chinangwa ndechekuderedza utsi hwemhepo mumabasa akaoma kushandisa magetsi, asi nzira yacho haina matambudziko: kuteverwa, mitengo, kuwanikwa kwemarara, uye kukwikwidzana nemafuta echinyakare zviri kusarudza kumhanya chaiko kwekuchinja.
Mhinduro yekukasika kune zvikamu zvisina magetsi.
Mafuta ekufambisa ndege anochengetedza mafambiro emhepo (SAFs) ave chishandiso chakanyanya kukura chekutanga kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo mukufambisa ndege. Anogona kusanganiswa neparafini yemazuva ano uye kushandiswa mundege dziripo, chero bedzi dzichisangana nezvinodiwa zvechitupa, zvichibvumira kufambira mberi pasina kutsiva ngarava kana kugadzirisa sisitimu yekuzadza mafuta . European Union yakaisa huwandu hushoma hwezviyero kuburikidza neReFuelEU Aviation kuti makambani endege nevatengesi vabatanidze misanganiswa iyi.
Nhaurirano imwe chete iyi inoshanda kune mamwe matunhu uko magetsi asati amboshandiswa: marori anorema, michina yekuchera migodhi, mafuta emhuka muzvikepe , ngarava, uye mabhazi ari pakati pemaguta. HVO, inogadzirwa kubva mumarara nemafuta, inogona kushandiswa mumainjini edhiziri aripo uye inoderedza zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwemhepo muhupenyu hwavo hwese. MuSpain, Moeve neEmerita Resources vakasaina chibvumirano chekushandisa 100% dhiziri rinogona kushandiswazve muchirongwa chekuchera migodhi cheHuelva , chirongwa chine chinangwa chekuratidza kuti maindasitiri anorema anogona kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza pasina kumirira matekinoroji emangwana.
Mavara madiki: marara, mafuta akashandiswa uye kuvimba nekunze
Chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti mafuta ekubikisa ashande zvakanyanya chiri muzvikafu zvavo. Marara ekurima, mafuta emhuka, uye mafuta ekubikisa akamboshandiswa ane miganhu yakajeka. Kunyangwe dai mafuta ese ekubikisa akamboshandiswa muSpain akaunganidzwa, aisazokwana kufukidza chikamu chikuru cheparafini inodyiwa nenyika. Nokudaro, chikamu chikuru chezvinhu zvekugadzira SAF (mafuta akapfava) muSpain chinobva kuChina, Singapore, kana Netherlands , izvo zvinowedzera kuburitswa kwemhepo inofambiswa uye zvinokanganisa pfungwa yekuti vanhu vekuEurope vazvigadzirire vega.
Mitemo yeEurope ine chinangwa chekuisa mari mumarara nezvimwe zvinhu zvitsva panzvimbo pezvirimwa zvechizvarwa chekutanga, izvo zvine chekuita nenjodzi dzekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye kukwikwidzana kwekushandiswa kwevhu. Zvisinei, marara aripo achiri kudhura uye ari mashoma. Semuenzaniso, muGermany, mitemo yakaoma yekuburitsa magasi anodziya pasi yakaita kuti kudiwa kwema biodiesel, bioethanol, uye biomethane kuwedzere, asi yakaratidzawo kuti kuwanikwa kwemarara hakugone kuenderana nezvinodiwa.
Germany neNETWORK III vari kutanga kufambira mberi
Murairo weRED III pamwe nekuchinja kwemitemo yeGerman zvakachinja mamiriro ezvinhu. Chiyero chemafuta ekufambisa epasi muGermany chakakwira kubva pa10,6% kusvika pa12% muna 2026 uye chinotarisirwa kusvika pa17,5% muna 2027, pamusoro pekuwedzera chikamu chemafuta epasi epamusoro. Matanho aya akawedzera kupatsanurwa kwakadai sebioethanol nebiomethane, izvo, muchiitiko chaVerbio, zvakavandudza mhedzisiro yekushanda kwazvo. Bioethanol nebiomethane zvakaderedza kudzikira kwemari yemafuta epasi mubiodiesel.
Kambani yeGerman inoyambirawo kuti mitengo yezvinhu zvakasara icharamba yakakwira zvakanyanya nekuti kudiwa kuri kupfuura kuwanikwa. Mugore rinouya remari, inotarisira kukura kubva mukuwedzera kwehuwandu hwebiomethane nezvirimwa zvayo zvekuUS, ukuwo kugadzirwa kwebiodiesel kuchiderera. Kusava nechokwadi kuri pamusoro pehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinogona kudzoka kumusika zvoderedza mitengo.
Kufamba kwemoyo kweAPS neparafini
Mukufamba nendege, maSAF ane certification "anodonhedzwa": anosanganiswa nemafuta ekare uye anoshanda muinjini dziripo. Kuenderana uku kunotsanangura chikonzero nei EU neICAO vachiona senzira huru yekubvisa kabhoni. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, zviyero zvechitupa zviripo zvinodzivirira kutsiviwa kweparafini zvachose, saka kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, mafuta ekare acharamba achipiswa kwemakore anotevera.
Masisitimu emagetsi ekuchengetera mafuta (e-SAF), anogadzirwa achishandisa hydrogen inogona kushandiswazve uye COâ‚‚ yakatorwa, ane hunhu hwakafanana neparafini yakajairika uye anogona kushandisa zvivakwa zviripo. Dambudziko riri musimba rawo uye mari yehupfumi: kugadzira tani imwe pari zvino kunodhura kanenge kagumi nemaviri kupfuura parafini yakajairika, sekureva kweEASA. Uyezve, kuzadzisa zvinangwa zve2050 kwaizoda magetsi anodarika 108 TWh uye marita emvura mabhiriyoni makumi mana nemasere pagore muSpain - huwandu hwakawanda hwezviwanikwa.
Spain: mabasa ane simba remaindasitiri uye ari kumirira
Spain ine mukana wakakura wekushanda mumaindasitiri. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti inogona kusvika matani mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri esimba rehunyanzvi panosvika gore ra2030, izvo zvingaibvumira kutungamira kugadzirwa kweSAF muEurope. MuHuelva, Moeve, pamwe chete neApical, iri kugadzira fekitari yechizvarwa chechipiri nechechitatu chemafuta emhuka yakabatanidzwa muchivako chikuru kwazvo kumaodzanyemba kweEurope, nekudyara mari inosvika €1.2 bhiriyoni uye kugona kwematani zviuru mazana mashanu eHVO neSAF pagore. Chinangwa chakataurwa ndechekusvika matani mamiriyoni maviri nehafu pagore panosvika gore ra2030.
Chirongwa chekuchera cheEmerita muIberian Pyrite Belt chine chinangwa chekushandisa dhiziri rinogona kushandiswazve mukuvaka nekushanda kwemugodhi, pamwe nekutakura zvinhu zvinokonzeresa. Kambani iyi inofungidzira kuti izvi zvichadzivirira matani angangoita 2.600 eCOâ‚‚ emhepo pagore, huwandu hwakafanana nekunyudzwa kwemiti 170.000. Kuva pedyo kwekugadzirwa, mugodhi, uye chiteshi chekutumira kunze kwenyika kunotsvaga kugadzira cheni yemitengo yeindasitiri mudunhu reHuelva.
Chii chinodiwa kuti vabhururuke?
Nyanzvi dzesimba rinodzokororwa dzinotaura nezvenzvimbo nhatu dzakakosha. Chekutanga ndechekusiyanisa zvinhu zvakashandiswa: kuwedzera pamafuta ekubikisa akamboshandiswa, zvinokurudzirwa kukurudzira microalgae, lignocellulosic waste, nedzimwe tekinoroji. Chechipiri kuronga e-SAFs (magetsi ekuchengetera mafuta) uko magetsi anodzokororwa, mvura, uye COâ‚‚ iripo zvinoenderana. Chechitatu ndechekuisa zvinodiwa muequation nemitero inochinja mutengo weparafini kumutengo wematikiti echitima uye inoisa pamberi dzimwe nzira dzechitima dzerwendo rupfupi. Pasina shanduko idzi, biofuels ichave mhinduro inodiwa asi isina kukwana.
Kunewo kurudziro dzekusimbisa kuteverwa kwemari kuti pasave nekubiridzira uye kuverengerwa kaviri, pamwe nekugadzirisa mitero yakaita seVAT paSAFs kuderedza musiyano wemitengo. Panguva iyi, musika uri kuratidza nzira dzakasiyana: mamwe makambani ari kuwedzera mari yawo mu bioenergy, nepo mamwe, seBP, ari kufunga nezvekubvisa mabhizinesi avo e biofuel muBrazil kuti vatarise pa hydrocarbons. Kusiyana uku kunoratidza kusava nechokwadi nezve purofiti yenguva refu uye hurongwa hwemitemo.
Mufananidzo wekupedzisira ndewechikamu chinotove nemhinduro dzechokwadi dzendege, marori, ngarava, uye migodhi, asi zvichiri zvakabatana nekuwanikwa kwemarara, mutengo wemagetsi, uye dhizaini yemitemo. Europe neSpain dzakatora matanho akasimba nemitengo, mapurojekiti emaindasitiri, uye zvibvumirano zvekutanga; dambudziko riripo ikozvino nderekuwedzera kugona kwekugadzira pasina kukanganisa zviwanikwa zvemvura, ivhu, kana masango. Mafuta ebiofuels haasi chinhu chinoshamisa, asi chimwe chikamu chekuchinja chichada matekinoroji mazhinji panguva imwe chete.
