Simba rezuva rakarega kuva vimbiso yeramangwana uye rave riripo uye rakanyatsogadzirisa simba rekugadzirisa. Kutenda kudhiraivha yekusimudzira uye kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, dzimba dzakawanda uye mabhizinesi ari kusarudza kuisa solar photovoltaic masisitimu kudzikisa yavo. mabhiri emagetsi uye iyo ecological tsoka.
Asi kuti unyatsoshandisa simba rakachena iri, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise zvikamu zvesolar system uye kuti chimwe nechimwe chinoshanda sei. Kubva pane solar panels inoonekwa pamatenga kusvika kune vatengesi, mabhatiri, mounting systems uye zvakawanda, imwe neimwe inoita basa rakakosha mukati menzvimbo inoshanda.
Chii chinonzi photovoltaic solar system?
A photovoltaic solar system seti yezvikamu zvakagadzirirwa kushandura chiedza chezuva kuita magetsi anogona kushandiswa., ingave yekushandisa mudzimba, mumaindasitiri kana mune zvekutengesa. Nheyo yayo inoumbwa nemagetsi ezuva, kunyangwe iyo yakazara sisitimu inosanganisira zvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha zvakaenzana pakushanda kwayo, senge. vatongi, vatengesi, zvimiro uye mune dzimwe nguva, mabhatiri.
Kune mhando mbiri huru dzesolar system: izvo zvakabatana kune grid (self-consumption) uye masisitimu ega (off-grid). Ose ari maviri anotsvaga kushandisa simba rezuva, asi anozviita zvakasiyana zvichienderana nekuti akabatana here kana kuti kwete yakajairika magetsi grid.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zvesolar system
A photovoltaic solar installation inoumbwa nenhevedzano yezvinhu zvinoshanda pamwechete kubata, kuchengeta, uye kugovera simba rezuva rakashandurwa kuita magetsi. Pasi apa, tinoongorora imwe neimwe zvakadzama.
1. Solar panels
Solar panels ibasa rekutora mwaranzi yezuva nekuishandura kuita magetsi. Vanoumbwa nematrix e Photovoltaic masero basa iroro thanks kune Photovoltaic effect, chiitiko chemuviri chinobvumira zvimwe semiconductor zvinhu kuti zvive nemagetsi emagetsi kana akaiswa pachiedza.
Zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira masero aya ndezvi monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, uye amorphous silicon. Kune zvakare michina yepamusoro yakadai se gallium arsenide (GaAs) and the cadmium telluride (CdTe).
Macell acho ari yakarongedzwa mumamodule akavharidzirwa uye akadzivirirwa nematanho akati wandei (sezvatichaona gare gare), izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakanyanya kufumurwa asiwo iyo inonyanya kuoneka chikamu chehurongwa.
2. Charge regulator
Chaji controller inoshanda semurevereri pakati pe solar panel nemabhatiri. Basa rayo guru nderokudzivirira mabhatiri kubva pakuchajiswa kana kuburitswa zvakanyanya, zvichikutendera kuti uwedzere yako hupenyu hunobatsira uye chengetedza a kushanda kwakavimbika yehurongwa. Kuti uite zvakakwana, unogona kubvunza iyo technical guide yekuisa solar panel.
Kune marudzi maviri evatongi:
- PWM (Pulse Width Modulation): yakawedzera hupfumi, yakanakira masisitimu madiki, kunyangwe isingashande mukutonga kwesimba.
- MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking): ivo vanokubvumidza kuti ushandise zvakanyanya simba rinogadzirwa nemapaneru, kugadzirisa mashandiro avo kuti uwane iyo maximum power point.
Zvakajairika kurudziro: Shandisa MPPT regulators kuisirwa anopfuura 500W uye nekudaro vimbisa a kuita kwakanyanya.
3. Investor
Iyo solar inverter inoshandura yakananga ikozvino (DC) inogadzirwa nemapaneru uye yakachengetwa mumabhatiri kuita alternating current (AC), inova ndiyo yatinoshandisa kumba muzvitoro zvakajairika. Mune grid-yakabatana masisitimu, iyo inverter inowiriranisa zvakare inogadzirwa ikozvino neyemagetsi gidhi, uye mune yakasarudzika masisitimu inogona kusanganisira mamwe mabasa akadai sekutonga kushandiswa backup jenareta kana kudzora hurongwa hwese.
Mamwe ma inverters emazuva ano anotobvumira tarisa kushandiswa and the mobile energy generation, nokudaro kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwesimba rinogadzirwa. Mukuwedzera, zvinokurudzirwa kuongorora zvakanakira iyo anotenderera solar panel izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kushanda kwenzvimbo yako.
4. Mabhatiri ezuva
Mabhatiri anodiwa mukuiswa kwega, sezvo achibvumira magetsi anogadzirwa kuti achengetwe kuti ashandiswe kana pasina chiedza chezuva (usiku kana mumazuva ane makore). Mune grid-yakabatana masisitimu, kushandiswa kwekuchengetera kunosarudzika, asi kuri kuwedzera kuwanda mukutsvaga kwekuisa simba kuzvimirira.
Mhando dzebhatiri dzinonyanya kushandiswa:
- Lead acid (AGM kana gel): zvehupfumi, kunyange nehupenyu hupfupi uye kushanda zvakanaka.
- Lithium: inodhura zvakanyanya asi zvakare yakasimba, inoshanda, yakareruka uye nehukuru hwekuburitsa.
Lithium mabhatiri akawana mukurumbira mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwekuita kwayo, kuve nyore kwekutarisa uye kuderera kwekugadzirisa zvinodiwa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kushandiswa kwayo, unogona kubvunza iyo kuchengetedza zvinhu zve solar panels.
5. Kutsigira chimiro
Kuti ma solar panel aite basa rawo nemazvo, anofanirwa kuiswa pachigadziko chinoita kuti arambe akatsiga uye ari pakona chaiyo. Zvivakwa izvi zvinogona kuiswa mu:
- Matenga: ine coplanar masisitimu, ine kona kana huremu chimiro.
- Ini ndinowanzo: yakanakira mapurazi ezuva kana kuisirwa hombe.
Yakarurama kutarisisa (maodzanyemba muSpain) uye yakaringana kona inowedzera iyo muunganidzwa wezuva and the maitiro ekuita. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekuisa kwakakodzera, ona iyo solar panel installation guide.
6. Wiring uye magetsi ekudzivirira
Kunyangwe zvingave zvisingaonekwe, tambo uye masisitimu ekudzivirira akakosha pakushanda kwakakodzera uye kuchengetedzwa kweiyo photovoltaic yekumisikidza. Izvo zvinhu zvinofanirwa kumirisana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze, saka Izvo zvakakosha kuti ivo vanyatso certification yekushandisa solar, nokudaro kuve nechokwadi chekugara kwenguva refu uye kushomeka kwemagetsi. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa, zvinokurudzirwa kuongorora mari uye kushanda kwesolar panel systems.
Uyezve, inosanganisirwa dziviriro dzakaita semafuse, macircuit breakers uye grounding system kuti udzivise kuwandisa, mapfupi maseketi uye kuvhunduka kwemagetsi.
7. Junction box
Iyo junction bhokisi ndiyo nzvimbo iyo tambo dzese kubva kune photovoltaic modules dzinosangana uye kubva uko kubatanidzwa kune yese system inotanga. Inowanikwa kuseri kwepaneru yega yega uye inowanzo gadzirirwa kumirisana nemamiriro ekunze akashata. Zvimwe zvinosanganisira kuvhara kana kudarika diode kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwesimba kana chikamu chepaneru chiri shaded.
8. Jenareta yekubatsira (kusarudza)
Mukumisikidzwa kwakasarudzika, jenareta rekuchengetedza rinogona kuwedzerwa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinoitika mamiriro asina kunaka kwemazuva akati wandei akateedzana. Jenareta iyi inogona kushandiswa otomatiki kana mabhatiri ari pasi uye sisitimu isingagamuchire mwaranzi yezuva yakakwana kuti iwane simba pachayo. Muzviitiko izvi, zvingava zvinobatsira kufunga inotakurika solar panel kuitira mamiriro ekukurumidzira.
Detailed zvikamu zve solar panel
Solar panels dzakagadzirirwa kutsungirira marudzi ese emamiriro ekunze uye kuita basa rawo kwemakumi emakore. Kuti uite izvi, iwo anoumbwa neakawanda akaturikidzana, rimwe nerimwe riine basa chairo:
- Tempered glass: yekutanga, inodzivirira kubva kune zvinokanganisa uye inobvumira kupfuura kwemwaranzi yezuva pasina kurasikirwa.
- EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) encapsulant: inotora kushushikana kwekushisa uye inodzivirira masero kubva kunyoro uye zvimwe zvinhu.
- Solar masero: Ndivo vanoshandura chiedza kuita magetsi.
- Imwe nhanho yeEva encapsulant: zvakafanana neyakapfuura, kumashure kwemasero.
- Backsheet: Inowanzo gadzirwa nemapolymers akadai sePET kana TPT. Inodzivirira uye inodzivirira kubva kumamiriro ekunze.
- Aluminium frame: Inopa kuomarara kwechimiro kune pani, inofambisa kuungana uye inodzivirira mipendero yegirazi.
- Junction bhokisi: inobatanidza maseru kune yese system uye inogona kusanganisira mamwe edziviriro.
Iyi dhizaini yedhizaini inovandudza mashandiro, kusimba uye chengetedzo yephotovoltaic modules.
Kugadzira solar panel
Iyo solar panel kugadzira maitiro ane hunyanzvi uye inoda akateedzana matanho ekuona kuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira kunaka uye kushanda zvakanaka.
1. Silicon kugadzirwa
Izvo zvese zvinotanga nekucheneswa kwesilicon, iyo inopinda maitiro ekunyungudutsa kuti ive ingots. Ingot idzi dzinochekwa kuita mashizha matete anonzi wafers.
2. Doping yewafers
Kusvibiswa kwemakemikari senge phosphorus uye boron kunowedzerwa kune zvimedu kuti zvigadzirise maitiro avo uye kubvumira kusikwa kwemunda wemagetsi (pn junction).
3. Kusikwa kwemasero ezuva
Iwo mawafer akaputirwa ne-anti-reflective zvinhu uye akaiswa mapatani ekuvandudza iwo kutorwa kwechiedza. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve shanduko yeaya matekinoroji, unogona kubvunza nhoroondo yekushanduka-shanduka kwemagetsi ezuva.
4. Gungano
Masero akabatanidzwa munhevedzano nenzira ye conductive tepi, achigadzira tambo. Tambo idzi dzakavharirwa pakati zvikamu zveEVA, girazi uye kumashure pepa.
5. Kugadzira uye junction bhokisi
Iyo module yakaiswa pane aluminium furemu uye bhokisi rejunction rinowedzerwa kuti rifambise wiring.
6. Kudzora kwehutano
Imwe neimwe pani inoedzwa kuita, kuramba, kuratidzwa kune yakanyanyisa mamiriro uye ekuona scans inovimbisa kusavapo kwe mitswe kana kuremara.
Nekuda kweizvi, mapaneru azvino anogona kuchengetedza kugona kwawo kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu kana kupfuura.
Misiyano pakati peakasarudzika uye grid-yakabatana masisitimu
Pakusarudza yekuisa solar, rimwe rematambudziko makuru nderekusarudza imwe yega (off-grid) system kana imwe yakabatana negridi (self-consumption). Ngatitarisei kusiyana kwavo kukuru:
- Kuzvidyira wega: inogadzira simba reimba uye inoshandisa grid se backup. Unogona kutengesa zvakasara uye hautombodi mabhatiri.
- Isolated: Izvo hazvibvi pamagetsi emagetsi, zvinoda mabhatiri uye (optionally) jenereta. Yakanakira nzvimbo dzisina network yekuwana.
Masisitimu ese ari maviri ane zvayakanakira, asi kuzvidyira kunowanikwa munzvimbo dzemaguta, nepo off-grid masisitimu anowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dziri kure.
Zviri pachena kuti Simba reSolar rinobvumira vashandisi nemakambani kuchengetedza, kuzvimiririra, uye kuderedza maitiro avo ezvakatipoteredza. Nekunyatsonzwisisa chikamu chimwe nechimwe chegadziriro, unogona kuita sarudzo dziri nani paunenge uchiisa kana kuchengetedza inoshanda uye inogara kwenguva refu photovoltaic system.