Simba renyukireya radzoka padanho rekutanga muEurope. Harisi nyaya itsva, asi mamiriro emitengo isingachinji, kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika, uye kuiswa kwemagetsi zvachinja matauriro. Italy yakabvumidza hurongwa hwemutemo hunoibvumira kutarisa zvakare ma reactors anenge makore makumi mana mushure mekuavhara. Sarudzo yeItaly hairevi kuti ichagadzira magetsi enyukireya nekukasika , asi inovhura mukana wekuvandudza mune ramangwana.
MuBrussels, Mutungamiriri weEuropean Commission Ursula von der Leyen akatotsanangura kudzokera shure kwesimba renyukireya mumakumi emakore apfuura sechikanganiso chehurongwa. EU yakabatanidza simba renyukireya muhurongwa hwayo hwesimba regirini uye yakaburitsa chirongwa chekuratidza kuti rirambe riri mumusanganiswa wesimba panosvika gore ra2050. France, ine magetsi angangoita 65% anogadzirwa nesimba renyukireya , inoita kunge ndiyo inonyanya kutsigira, nepo dzimwe nyika dziri kuona kufamba uku.
Italy inoputsa mutemo unorambidzwa uye inoisa hwaro hwepamutemo
Dare reSeneti reItaly rakatendera danho iri nemavhoti makumi masere nerimwe anotsigira, makumi mashanu nerimwe achipikisa, uye manomwe achiramba. Hurumende yeGiorgia Meloni ichave nemwedzi gumi nemiviri yekunyora mitemo pamusoro pekuchengetedzeka, marezenisi, marara, nenzvimbo dzekushandisa. Mutungamiriri wehurumende akarumbidza danho iri sesarudzo ine ushingi uye ine musoro. Italy yave ichitenga magetsi enyukireya kubva kunyika dziri pedyo, kunyanya France, iyo iri kuwedzera mari yayo mumagetsi enyukireya , asi haina kukwanisa kuagadzira munyika.
Mareferendamu egore ra1987, mushure meChernobyl, uye 2011, mushure meFukushima, akaratidza kuramba kweItaly kushandisa simba renyukireya. Mutemo uripo parizvino hausati wabvumidza kilowatt imwe chete yesimba renyukireya uye hausi kudzorerazve ma reactor ekare. Unongosimbisa hurongwa hwekuti hurumende igadzire mitemo. Meloni akasimbirira kuti aya matekinoroji matsva , kwete kudzokorora kwemuenzaniso wekare wesimba renyukireya.
Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba, data uye hungwaru hwekugadzira
Kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwemagetsi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinosimudzira shanduko iyi. Nzvimbo dzedata, huchenjeri hwekugadzira, kufamba kwemagetsi, uye indasitiri zvese zvinoda kuwanikwa kwakasimba, 24/7. International Energy Agency yakafungidzira kuti nzvimbo dzedata dzinogona kushandisa 945 TWh pagore panosvika 2030, inodarika kaviri huwandu hunoshandiswa muna 2024. Simba renyukireya riri kubuda senzvimbo yakavimbika, ine utsi hushoma inogona kuwedzera simba rinogona kudzokororwa, magridi, nzvimbo yekuchengetera inopombwa, uye mabhatiri.
Meloni akabatanidza simba renyukireya nekusavimba zvakanyanya nemagetsi ekune dzimwe nyika, kuderedza kusangana nematambudziko epasi rose, uye kupindura kukura kwekuda kwedata neAI. MuUnited States, US iri kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwesimba renyukireya kuti ripe simba reAI , uye vashandi vakaita seVistra vakawana zvibvumirano zvenguva refu zvekupa simba renyukireya nemakambani anogadzira magetsi akadai seAmazon neMeta kuti vape simba kunhare dzavo mushure mekutenga kwavo Energy Harbor. Kubatana pakati penzvimbo dzedata nemagetsi e24/7 kunosimbisa kufarira muma reactor aripo nemapurojekiti matsva.
Modular reactors uye mafuta epamusoro
Ma "small modular reactors" (SMRs) ave mamwe ematekinoroji ane tariro huru. Anotarisirwa kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, dzakadai senzvimbo dzedata kana nzvimbo dziri kure, pamwe nekushandiswa kwe "maritime" ne "space propulsion". Kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu kunogona kupfupisa nguva yekuvaka uye kuita kuti maindasitiri awedzere kushandiswa. Vanotsigira vanotaura nezvekukura zvishoma nezvishoma uye kudzikira kwesimba remagetsi pa "unit" , kunyangwe vachida mari, nguva refu yekutungamira, uye cheni dzezviwanikwa dzakagadzirwa.
Kunewo kufarira muzvishandiso zvinokurumidza uye zvakanyungudutswa zvemunyu, zvimwe zvacho zviri zvechizvarwa chechina. Izvi zvingabvumira kushandiswa zviri nani kwemafuta anoshandiswa uye kuderedza marara ane njodzi zvikuru. Mushumo weNuclear Energy Agency wakaratidza matekinoroji eSMR zana nemakumi maviri nenomwe uye wakaongorora makumi manomwe nemana uchishandisa data riripo pachena. IEA inofungidzira kuti mari yegore negore inofanira kupetwa kaviri kusvika kumadhora mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri panosvika gore ra2030 kana paine kuwedzera kwakasimba. World Nuclear Association inotarisira 1.457 GWe panosvika gore ra2050 kana mapurojekiti nezvinangwa zvikazadzikiswa.
Spain nekurwisana pamusoro peCofrentes
Spain iri pakati penyika gumi nembiri dzeEU dzine mafekitori esimba renyukireya, pamwe chete neBelgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Netherlands, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland, neSweden. Nhaurirano pamusoro peramangwana rezvikepe zvenyukireya zveSpain ichiripo. MuValencian Community, kuramba kuchishanda kwefekitori yenyukireya yeCofrentes kwaive chinangwa che4th Energy Forum, uko hurumende, mabhizinesi, nevamiriri vemaindasitiri vakabvumirana nezvekudiwa kwekupa kwakakwana, kwakasimba, uye kunokwikwidzana. Kuvharwa kweCofrentes kwakabatana nekuchengetedzeka kwekupa, kugadzikana kwegridi, uye kukwezva mari.
Gurukota reDunhu Vicente MartÃnez Mus akatsigira zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pamitemo yehunyanzvi, kuchengetedzeka, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvekushandisa, pasina pfungwa dzakagara dzataurwa. Iberdrola akasimbisa kuti fekitori iyi inopa simba rakasimba pasinei nemamiriro ekunze. Cox akakumbira kuronga kuri nani kwegrid, uye Avaesen akakurudzira ongororo yezvinangwa zvesimba rinowanikwazve uye kufambira mberi pakuchengetwa kwesimba. Pfungwa yaibatanidzwa yaive yekubatanidza magetsi anowanikwazve, magrid, mabhatiri, hydrogen, uye kugadzirwa kwemakambani kutsigira indasitiri uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvitsva zvemagetsi.
Marara, kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimba neuranium
Kutsoropodzwa uku hakuna kupera. Greenpeace inotaura nezvenjodzi dzinokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika, mafashamo, zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, uye kukwegura kwezvigadziri zvemagetsi. Kugadzira zvinhu kunogadzira marara mashoma, asi zvine mwaranzi uye zvichiri nengozi kwemazana ezviuru zvemakore. Mareferendamu eItaly akaratidza kuti nyaya dzekuchengetedza netsaona dzekare zvinokanganisa sei kugamuchirwa kweveruzhinji. Kutarisira marara nekubviswa kwemabasa kunoramba kuri bhizinesi uye dambudziko renguva refu.
Hutongi hwesimba hune miganhu yahwo. Europe haina zviwanikwa zvakakwana zvekupfumisa uranium nekuishandura kuita mafuta enyukireya, saka inoramba ichivimba nezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Izvi zvinoderedza chikamu chepfungwa dzekusunungurwa. Simba renyukireya rinogona kuderedza kuvimba negasi nemarasha, asi haribvisi matambudziko ese ekunze.
Mikana yeindasitiri muchikamu chenyukireya
Basa renyukireya haringogumiri pakugadzira magetsi chete. Boka reSpain reACS, kuburikidza nekambani yaro yeGerman Hochtief, rakawana chibvumirano chenguva refu che £15 bhiriyoni (inenge €1.75 bhiriyoni) chekutsigira Sellafield Ltd muCumbria. Chibvumirano ichi chinowira pasi pechirongwa chePACE uye chinosanganisira mashandiro, kugadzirisa, dhizaini, zvishandiso, manejimendi yemidziyo, uye kubviswa kwesimba remagetsi. Chibvumirano ichi chinogona kugara kusvika kumakore gumi nemashanu, nemakore mapfumbamwe ekutanga uye sarudzo yekuwedzera kwemakore matanhatu.
Sellafield ndiyo nzvimbo huru yenyukireya muUK uye imwe yenzvimbo dzakaoma zvikuru nekuda kwehuwandu hwemarara ane mwaranzi uye kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzakashandiswa kare. Kuchenesa kwayo kwakarongwa pa £136.000 bhiriyoni, 18% kupfuura muna 2019, uye kunoda makumi emakore ekushanda. Mushumo weparamende yeBritain unobvuma kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji asi unoti inononoka uye unoratidza kuti mitengo yakawandisa nematambudziko ekutarisira. Saka ACS iri kusimbisa kusiyanisa kwayo muinjiniya yenyukireya , ine ruzivo mukugadzira, kuvaka, kugadzirisa, uye kubvisa mashandiro.
Kufamba kwenyukireya muEurope kuri kufambira mberi, Italy iriyo nyika yekupedzisira kugadzira hurongwa hwemutemo, kunyangwe pasina mvumo yekukasika kugadzira. EU, France, nevamwe vadyidzani vanotsigira simba renyukireya senzvimbo yekuchengetedza simba, kubvisa kabhoni, uye kudiwa kwedata neAI. Ma "small-scale reactors" (SMRs) nema "advanced reactors" anovimbisa nzira itsva, kunyangwe mari, ma "permits", uye "industrial supply chain" zvichitungamira kumhanya. MuSpain, "Cofrentes nuclear plant" ne "nuclear fleet" yese zviri pakati penharo inobatanidza "communication" yemakambani, "grids", "cost", uye mamiriro ekunze. Remangwana harizotsamiri zvakanyanya pakuzivisa asi richatsamira zvakanyanya pakuitwa chaiko kwemapurojekiti, mitemo, uye kutonga marara.
