Iko shanduko yesimba iri kufambira mberi nekusvetuka uye miganhu nekuda kwe Emerging matekinoroji mumapurazi ezuva. Gore rega rega, mhinduro nyowani dzinobuda dzinotsvaga kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kupa dzimwe nzira dzinogoneka dzekuzadzisa kudiwa kuri kukura kwesimba rakachena. Pakati pezvisarudzo zviri kushandura chikamu zvakanyanya ndeye yechinyakare photovoltaic, inoyangarara solar uye inopisa. Idzi tekinoroji dzinogona kusvika papi, uye nei dzichichinja mutambo mukushandisa solar nemvura zviwanikwa?
Muchikamu chino tinonyura mukati universe of solar farms, kuongorora zvichangobva kuitika uye kufambira mberi, maitiro akasiyana-siyana anoshanda, uye nei kubatanidzwa kwavo kuchimiririra mukana wakakosha wekusimba uye remangwana resimba. Kana iwe uchida kugara uchiziva nezvezviri kuuya musimba rezuva-kupfuura matenga edzimba-ramba uchiverenga nekuti tichakuudza zvese, kubva kune mabhenefiti kusvika kunhamba yakaoma yemapurojekiti ekutanga.
Ground-based photovoltaic solar mapurazi: kushanduka uye kubudirira
La photovoltaic simba Yakasangana nekusimudzirwa kusingamisiki mumakore gumi apfuura, ichizvibatanidza seimwe yembiru dzekuchinja kwesimba pasi rese, kunyanya munyika dzakaita seSpain, uko mwenje wezuva wakawanda. Zvakajairwa solar panel Kazhinji dzinoiswa panzvimbo hombe dzevhu, kazhinji munzvimbo dzisinganayi mvura kana munzvimbo dzisina kukodzera kurima kana kuvaka.
Kukura kwemapaki aya kunotsigirwa ne kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza kwezvinhu uye tekinoroji. Munguva ichangopfuura, zvinhu zvakadai se perovskites uye bifacial masero ari kuwedzera kushanduka kwezuva, uye zvikamu zvinotanga kudarika 20-22% uye nekukwanisa kusvika 30% munguva pfupi. Izvi zvinobvumira chizvarwa chakakura zvikuru munzvimbo imwechete, kuderedza mari uye kuwedzera kushanda kwega yega yakaiswa watt.
Imwe nzira yakakosha Iko kubatanidzwa kweiyo photovoltaic simba muzvivakwa uye zvivakwa (BIPV), kugadzira ma facade, matenga uye kunyange mahwindo anobatsira mukugadzira simba pasina kurasikirwa nekushanda kana aesthetics. Iyo yekuzvidyira-yega uye decentralized kugadzirwa modhi ikozvino yakabatanidzwa zvizere mudzimba uye maindasitiri, kusimudzira kusimba kwesimba uye kuderedza kuburitswa.
Kuchinja kunoyangarara: mashandisiro anoita photovoltaics nzvimbo dzemvura
Pakati peakanyanya kukanganisa matekinoroji emakore achangopfuura ndeye inoyangarara solar photovoltaic simba. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kuisa magetsi ezuva pamapuratifomu anoyangarara mumadhamu, madhamu, madhamu, uye kunyange nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemahombekombe. Nyika dzakaita seJapan, China, neIndia dzakaita kuzvipira kwakasimba kune iyi modhi, kunyangwe Spain nedzimwe dzeEurope dzine mukana wakakura nekuda kwehuwandu hwemvura nemaawa ekupenya kwezuva.
Nei kufambira mberi uku kuchikosha? Isa mapaneru pamusoro pemvura Inobvumira ivhu kuti risunungurwe kuti rishandiswe mukurima, kurima zvipfuyo kana kuchengetedza. Mukuwedzera, the mvura inoita seanotonhodza chaiwo, kudzivirira kupisa kwemasero ezuva uye kuwedzera kushanda kwavo. Zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaratidza kuti mhedzisiro iyi inogona kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kusvika 11% zvichienzaniswa nezvinomera zvepasi.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndeche mhedzisiro yakanaka pane zvakatipoteredza. Mukuwedzera pakudzivisa kushandiswa kwevhu rakaorera, mapaneru anoyangarara anoderedza kubuda kwemvura nekuvhara zvishoma pamusoro pepamusoro, zvichiita kuti mvura ichengetedzeke zvakanyanya, kunyanya zvakakosha munzvimbo dzisinganayi mvura. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinotoratidza kuti hurongwa uhu hunogona kuita kuti zvipenyu zvifambe nekuderedza kukura kwealgae nekuvandudza kunaka kwemvura.
Panyaya yehunyanzvi uye kushanda, masisitimu aya anoshandisa yakakwirira-density polyethylene mapuratifomu inoshingirira mukuora uye zviitiko zvakaita sekudengenyeka kwenyika kana madutu makuru. Kugadzikana kunochengetedzwa neanchoring system kusvika pasi kana kumahombekombe, ine simende ballast kana chaiyo moorings, uye iyo inogadzirwa simba inotakurwa kunomhara pasi kuburikidza netambo dzepasi pemvura isati yashandurwa uye inotumirwa kune yemagetsi grid.
Kupayona anoyangarara magetsi ezuva
Japan yaive imwe yenyika dzakatanga kudyara mari yakawanda muhunyanzvi uhu, uye kubva ipapo ndipo pakabuda chirimwa chinoyangarara chiri paYamakura Dam muChiba Prefecture, chakagadzirwa naKyocera naCiel & Terre. Zvivako zvakaita seiyi zvinotora 180.000 square metres zvine mapaneru anopfuura zviuru makumi mashanu uye kuwana simba rekubuda pedyo ne50.000 MW, rinokwana kupa zviuru zvedzimba uye kuderedza zvakanyanya kuburitswa kweCO14 (kupfuura 2 matani pagore zvichienderana nedata riripo).
MuEurope, muenzaniso wezvino we SferaOne muAlbania, ine 12,9 MW chirimwa paVau i Dejes hydroelectric reservoir. Pano, photovoltaic simba inosanganiswa yakanangana neiyo hydroelectric chizvarwa kuti iwane hybrid simba uye kuwedzera kushanda kweaviri matekinoroji. Aya marudzi emapurojekiti ari kuwedzera kuwanda uye ari kuwedzera nekukurumidza nekuda kwerutsigiro rwemari yeEurope uye hurongwa hwakanaka hwekutonga.
Imwe purojekiti yakakurumbira ndeye Lake Boyuksor muAzerbaijan, ine diki 100 kWp chirimwa chinoratidza kuti tekinoroji inoyangarara inogona kuchinjirwa kune ese mahombe uye madiki-zvigadziriso, kunyange kubatanidza pasi-based uye mvura-inobva kuisimidzo. Pano, kuchinjika uye scalability chikamu chekukwezva kukuru kweiyi tekinoroji iri kubuda.
Zvakanakira zvekuyangarara solar mapurazi pamusoro pevhu-based solutions
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda nei inoyangarara photovoltais iri kuwedzera kudiwa. Pakati pavo, zvinotevera zvinonyanya kukosha:
- Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwenzvimbo: anotora mukana wenzvimbo dzemvura dzisingashandiswi zvishoma pane kutora ivhu rakakosha, iro rakanakira munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda.
- Kugadziridza kwekuita: Kutonhora kwechisikigo kunobvumira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwakawanda uye kunowedzera hupenyu hwema solar panel.
- Kuderedzwa kwekubuda kwemvura: Kuvhara pamusoro pemvura kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura, iyo inokosha zvikuru mukutarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
- Kuchengetedza kushoma: Kuve kure neguruva uye zvimedu zvakazara pasi, mapaneru anoda kushoma kucheneswa uye kutambura kushomeka kushoma.
- Kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredzaZvivako izvi hazvibatanidzi kutemwa kwemasango kana kukwikwidzana nemamwe mashandisirwo evhu, uye zvinogona kuvandudza kuenzana kwezvipenyu zvemumvura.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mari yekutanga inowanzokwira kana zvichienzaniswa nemapaki epanyika uye kuti zvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza zvakakosha kuti udzivise mhedzisiro yakaipa pane zvipenyu zvemumvura.
Yakakosha tekinoroji uye yezvakatipoteredza kufunga mukugadzira zvirimwa zvinoyangarara
Kuita kuti chirongwa chibudirire inoyangarara photovoltais, kuongororwa kwakakwana kwehutano hwemvura nekudzika, kuwanikwa, uye kubatanidzwa nemagetsi emagetsi aripo zvakakosha. Anchoring masisitimu anofanirwa kuve akasimba uye akakodzera kune ese madhirigi akadzikama uye nzvimbo dzakafumurwa nemasaisai kana mafungu.
Mumamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, ivo vanogadzirwa ecological impact zvidzidzo iyo inoongorora zvinogona kuitika pazvipenyu zvemumvura nemaruva. Pazvinenge zvakakodzera, zvigadziriso zvakaita senzvimbo dzekugara hove dzekugadzira kana kutariswa kwenguva refu kwemhando yemvura uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zvinosanganiswa.
Mitemo yenyika uye yepasirese iri kutanga kutora tekinoroji iyi, uye nepo maitiro angangoda mvumo yakawanda kupfuura yepasirese solar park, kusimukira kwayo kuri kuramba kuri nyore nekuda kwekufarira kwemasangano mumhinduro dzakasimba.
Zvitsva uye maitiro emagetsi ezuva
Remangwana re mapurazi ezuva Inosanganisira kubatanidzwa kweiyo hybrid masisitimu anosanganisa photovoltaic kugadzirwa ne hydroelectric simba, kuchengetedza kwepamberi uye digitalization, kubvumira chaiyo-nguva kutonga kuburikidza. grid dzakangwara nehungwaru hwekugadzira.
Imwe muitiro wakakosha ndiyo shanduko yakanangana nemamodheru e chizvarwa chinoparadzirwa, uko kuzvidyira zvivako mudzimba uye mabhizinesi zvakabatanidzwa kune grid kuti iwedzere kushandiswa kwesimba uye kuderedza kutsamira pamiti yepakati.
Pamusoro pezvo, kufambira mberi kuri kuitwa mu kudzokorodza uye kushandiswazve kwezvinhu kubva kumagumo-e-hupenyu solar panels, kusimudzira hupfumi hwedenderedzwa hunoderedza marara uye leverages zvinhu zvakaita sesilicon, aruminiyamu, uye girazi, kusimbisa chikamu chekuchengetedza.
