Mumakore achangopfuura, shanduko kune dzakachenesa magetsi masosi yakafambisa kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji inogona kuvandudzwa. Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha kune yayo kubudirira, kuwanikwa y kuwedzera simba Isimba rezuva. Uye mukati mechikamu ichi, iyo mapurazi ezuva Vanomiririra mhinduro inowedzera kushandiswa kune ese maindasitiri nenharaunda.
Asi chii chaizvo chinonzi solar farm? Inoshanda sei? Ndeapi mabhenefiti ayo makuru uye anosiyana sei nemamwe masisitimu ezuva? Muchinyorwa chino tinotsanangura zvakadzama chikamu chega chega cheaya mahombe ekuisa solar, kuti iwe unzwisise mashandiro avanoita, mabhenefiti avo, mhando, mari uye mimwe mienzaniso yakakodzera muSpain nepasirese.
Chii chinonzi solar farm?
Una zuva purazi —inonziwo solar park, solar plant kana solar field — is a yakakura-yakakura photovoltaic kuiswa iyo ine chinangwa chekutora mwaranzi yezuva kuti ishanduke kuita magetsi. Zvivako izvi zvinoonekwa nekugara nzvimbo dzakakura dzevhu, ingave yepasi kana yemvura, uye nekuumbwa nemazana e akabatana solar panel.
Basa rayo guru nderekugadzira simba rakawanda rinogona kushandiswa nemaindasitiri, nzvimbo dzekugara, uye kunyange kutengeswa kugetsi yemagetsi. Iyi ndeimwe nzira yakachena, zvakawanda y inoshanda zvichienzaniswa nematsime emagetsi echinyakare anoburitsa magasi anosvibisa kana kuti anoda maitiro anoparadza zvakanyanya.
Iwo maphotovoltaic mapaneru pamapurazi aya akaiswa zvine hungwaru kuti awedzere kuratidzwa kwezuva kwegore rose. Kusiyana nehurongwa hwepadenga remba, purazi rezuva rinoshandisa economies of scale kupa zvakawanda zvine pundutso uye yakakosha kugadzirwa kwesimba. Kuti uderedze zvakadzama muchikamu ichi, unogona kubvunza zvinoyangarara zuva zvinomera izvo zvabuda sechisarudzo chitsva.
Papurazi rezuva rinoshanda sei?
Nzira yekushanda yepurazi yezuva yakafanana neyo chero ipi zvayo photovoltaic system, asi pamwero mukuru. The simba rezuva rinotorwa uchishandisa solar panel ayo anoumbwa ne photovoltaic masero, anowanzo gadzirwa nesilicon. Masero aya Vanoshandura chiedza chezuva chakananga kuva simba remagetsi muchimiro chakananga ikozvino.
Magetsi aya anobva apfuura solar inverters, iyo inoshandura yakananga ikozvino kuita inochinjanisa ikozvino, iyo yakakodzera kushandiswa kwakajairika. Mukuwirirana, pane bhatiri kuchengetedza masisitimu izvo zvinoita kuti simba rakawanda richengetwe kuti rishandiswe kana pasina chiedza chezuva, sehusiku kana kuine makore. Kana iwe uchida mamwe mashoko pamusoro pe photovoltaic solar energy, unogona kushanyira ichi chinyorwa.
Mukuwedzera, mapurazi akawanda ezuva ane solar trackers izvo zvinogadzirisa kurerekera kwemapanera pakati pe15º ne45º zvichienderana nenzvimbo yezuva, zvichiwedzera kuita kwavo kwegore. Iyo sisitimu inozadzikiswa nezvinhu zvakakosha zvakadai se:
- Transformation centers: mutoro wekusimudza voltage yemagetsi usati waipinza mugridi.
- Dzimba dzokudzora: yekutarisa-nguva chaiyo uye manejimendi.
- Maitiro ekuchengetedza: perimeter yekutarisa uye yekuwana kutonga.
- Wiring yemagetsi uye zvivakwa zvesimbi: iyo inotsigira uye inobatanidza mapaneru.
Benefits yemapurazi ezuva
Zvakanakira kuiswa kwakadaro kwakawanda uye zvinofukidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Level zvakatipoteredza, zvivakwa izvi hazvibudi magasi anodziya, haidi mafuta efossil kana kugadzira kusvibiswa kweruzha o zvekuona nemeso zvakakosha.
Kubva pakuona kwehupfumi, mapurazi ezuva anobvumira a simba kuzvimirira kufambira mberi, kuderedza kuvimba nezvinhu zvekunze uye kuderedza kugadzirwa mari yemagetsi. Kunze kwezvo:
- Maintenance iri nyore uye isingadhuri.
- Hupenyu hunobatsira Hupenyu hwekuiswa kwerudzi urwu hunogona kusvika makore makumi mana.
- Mari yekutanga inogona kudzoserwa mumakore mashoma kuburikidza nekuchengetedza simba uye kutengesa.
- Vanobatsira kudzivisa kukurwa kwevhu uye inogona kuenderana nemamwe mashandisirwo ekurima (agrivoltaics).
Pamusoro pezvo, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti marudzi aya ezvivakwa anogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakanaka kune nharaunda yaanowanikwa, kusimudzira budiriro yenzvimbo kuburikidza nemabasa uye mari yezvipo kunharaunda dziri pedyo. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvemapurazi ezuva uye kusimuka kwavo muSpain, tarisa Ichi chinyorwa chehunyanzvi.
Ndeipi nzira yekuvaka ye solar park?
Kugadzira purazi rezuva kunosanganisira yakaoma uye inodiwa nehunyanzvi maitiro. Zvose zvinotanga na feasibility study iyo inoongorora nzvimbo, iripo solar radiation, kuwana kune grid yemagetsi uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Zvadaro, nhevedzano yemaitiro inofanira kugadziriswa mvumo nemvumo yepamutemo. MuSpain, semuenzaniso, masangano akadai seBazi reIndasitiri, makanzuru emaguta, uye kunyange Bazi reMabasa eVazhinji anobatanidzwa. Kana marezinesi ese asimbiswa, chikamu chekuvaka chinotanga. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuti solar system yakaiswa sei, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge technical guide yekuisa solar panel.
Danho iri rinosanganisira:
- Kugadzirira ivhu: kuenzanisa uye kugonesa kuwana.
- Kuiswa kwezvivakwa uye mapaneru.
- Electrical system connection uye kushanda miedzo.
- Kunyoresa mubhuku rekubhadhara inowirirana
Mitengo inosiyana zvichienderana nesimba uye kukura kwechirimwa, asi, semuenzaniso, 1 MW solar park inogona kuda pakati pemahekita matanhatu ne6 uye inodhura madhora miriyoni imwe.
Mhando dzemapurazi ezuva
Zvichienderana nemhando yekutarisira uye saizi, tinogona kusiyanisa akati wandei marudzi eakakura-akakura ekuisa solar:
1. Utility-scale zvirimwa zvezuva
Aya ndiwo ane simba re megawatt uye anopa zvakananga kugedhi yenyika. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kugadzira magetsi muhuwandu uye kazhinji vane zvibvumirano zvekutenga (PPAs) nevashambadzi vemagetsi. Saizi yaro inogona kudarika 1.000 MW.
2. Community solar farms
Zvimiro zvidiki (zvisingasviki 5 MW), uko vavakidzani kana nhengo dzenharaunda dzinowana migove uye kubatsirwa kubva kumagetsi anogadzirwa. Ivo havafanirwe kuwanikwa mumusha wevashandisi vega. Iyi modhi inobvumira kunyatsobatanidzwa kweiyo simba rezuva munharaunda.
3. Mapurazi ezuva
Idzi inzvimbo dzakakamurwa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki zvevaridzi vakasiyana. Vanogovera zvivakwa uye masevhisi, uye zvakagadzirirwa kutengesa simba zvakananga kune grid yemagetsi. Kazhinji vanenge vari paminda yekurima kana yekumaruwa.
4. Agrivoltaics
Ndiyo muenzaniso unobatanidza kurima uye kugadzirwa kwezuva. Mapanera anoiswa pazvirimwa zvinoda mumvuri wakasarudzika, seretisi kana matomatisi, kuchengetedza mvura uye kugadzira simba pasina kubvisa nzvimbo inobereka kubva mumunda. Iyi tekinoroji inonyanya kunakidza, yakapihwa izvozvo matomatisi anogona kurimwa munzvimbo dzemugwenga.
Yakawanda sei yaungawana nepurazi rezuva?
Kubatsira kwepurazi rezuva kunoenderana nehukuru hwayo, avhareji yekugadzirwa kwepagore, uye mitengo yekutengesa magetsi. Zvekureva, 1MW chirimwa chinogona kugadzira kutenderedza 1.460 MWh pagore. Kana mutengo wemagetsi mumusika wakapoteredza madhora makumi matatu / MWh, tinenge tichitaura nezvazvo inenge $43.500 pagore mumari inowanikwa.
Zvakare, imwe sarudzo ndeye kurenda nyika kumakambani anoda kuisa purazi rezuva. Zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye kudiwa, unogona kuwana pakati pemadhora mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu nemadhora zviuru zvitatu paeka pagore. Zvibvumirano zvinowanzova nenguva yekutanga yemakore ari pakati pe250 ne3.000, inowedzerwa kusvika kumakore makumi mashanu. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwekuti simba rinogadzirwa sei, ona simba rezuva mukurima.
Miti yakakura yezuva munyika uye muSpain
Pasi rose, simbisa:
- Bhadla Solar Park, India: 2.245MW.
- Golmud Solar Park, China: 2.800MW.
- Pavagada Solar Park, India: 2.050MW.
MuSpain Isu tine zvakare mareferensi ekushandisa:
- Núñez de Balboa (Badajoz): 500MW, yakakura kwazvo muEurope.
- Mamuri (Murcia): 494MW.
- Don Rodrigo (Seville): 174MW.
- Picón I, II uye III (Ciudad Real): 310GWh pagore.
Mapaki aya anoratidza simba rezuva rakaiswa munyika yedu, iro riri kuramba richikura gore rega rega nemitengo inodarika makumi matatu%. Kutevera kufambira mberi kwemapurazi ezuva muAsia uye hutungamiriri hweChina, tarisa ichi chinyorwa.
Mapurazi eSolar anomiririra chimwe chezvishandiso zvinonyanya kuvimbisa zvekuchinja kwesimba kwakadzama, kwakanyatsoshanda, uye kwakasimba. Nekuda kwekugona kwavo kugadzira magetsi akachena, purofiti yavo yehupfumi, uye kuenderana kwavo nemashandisirwo ekurima, zvivakwa izvi zviri kusimbiswa semhinduro inoshanda mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Zvichitsigirwa nemitemo yeruzhinji, kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwemichina, uye kufarira veruzhinji kuri kukura, kutumirwa kwayo kunovimbisa ramangwana rakasvibira, risina simba rakawanda.
