Biodiesel yadarika vimbiso iri kure uye ikozvino iri kukanganisa sarudzo dzemaindasitiri nedzemitemo dzinokanganisa kutakura kwemigwagwa negungwa. MuEurope, Volvo Trucks yakaburitsa chikuva chayo cheD13 , mhuri yemainjini e13-liter akagadzirirwa kushanda nemafuta anodzokororwa, kusanganisira biodiesel. Panguva iyi, Brazil iri kutora matanho ekudzora kushandiswa kwemafuta anozorodzwa mungarava, musika mukuru uyo ​​kusvika pari zvino wave uchinyanya kuvimba nezvinobva mumafuta epetroleum.
Nguva yacho haisi tsaona. Vagadziri nevatongi vari kutsvaga nzira dzekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo pasina kuda shanduko huru kuzvikepe, zviteshi zvengarava, kana pombi dzemafuta. Biodiesel inoita senzira inobatsira nekuti inogona kusanganiswa nedhiziri rekare uye kushandiswa muzvivakwa zviripo, kunyangwe kuiswa kwayo kuchienderana nemitemo , mitengo, uye kuwanikwa . Munzvimbo iyi, Europe ine simba guru nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvayo zvekubudisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye mitero.
Injini dzeD13: kushanda zvakanaka uye kuenderana kwebiodiesel
Volvo Trucks yakatsanangura zvakadzama nezvepuratifomu yayo itsva yepasi rose yeD13, chirongwa chakatanga muna 2021 uye chaisanganisira mainjiniya ekambani iyi muSweden. Pfungwa yacho yaive yekugadzira dhizaini yakafanana yemisika yakasiyana , inokwanisa kusangana nemitemo yakasiyana yeutsi hunopisa pasina kukanganisa mashandiro. Mugadziri anosimbisa kuti haisi injini imwe chete, asi ipuratifomu inochinjika.
Pakati pekuchinja kwehunyanzvi, kambani iyi inoratidza turbocharger inoshanduka-shanduka, kumanikidzwa kwakawedzera kwe cylinder, chiyero chakagadziriswa chekumanikidzwa, uye piston yakagadziridzwa. Zvichienderana nedata ravo, musanganiswa uyu unovandudza kupisa uye unoderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta. Kushanda nesimba kwesimba kunowedzera neinenge 2% , nhamba iri pakati nepakati asi yakakosha yemarori anounganidza makiromita akawanda.
Mune dhiziri rayo, D13 inopa simba re560 hp. Gasi iri rinosvika 2.800 Nm ye torque, 300 Nm kupfuura chizvarwa chakapfuura. Asi chinhu chinonyanya kufarirwa nechikamu che biodiesel ndechimwe chinhu: puratifomu iyi inoenderana ne biodiesel, HVO, uye Bio-LNG , kuwedzera kune mafuta enguva dzose. Izvi zvinobvumira ngarava kusarudza zvichienderana nezvivakwa uye mitengo munzvimbo imwe neimwe.
Volvo yakatarisawo kuEurope. Sisitimu yeVECTO yeEuropean Commission inoyera kushandiswa kwemafuta uye utsi hunobva mumotokari dzinotakura zvinhu zvinorema, uye nhamba idzi dzinogona kukanganisa mwero wemitero mune dzimwe nyika. Kune vanofambisa ngarava, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba hakusi nyaya yezvakatipoteredza chete: kunogonawo kuderedza mari yekushandisa.
Brazil inoda kuunza biodiesel mumafuta emugungwa
Kutakurwa kwezvikepe mugungwa kunotonga kutengeserana kwepasi rose kunosvika 80% uye kuchiri kushandisa mafuta anorema. Sangano reInternational Maritime Organization riri kusimudzira hurongwa hwepasi rose, hunozivikanwa seNet -Zero Framework , yekuderedza simba remafuta emugungwa. Maitiro aya akatanga muna 2025, akatarisana nekupikiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika, uye akadzoserwa munzira muna 2026, nesarudzo yekupedzisira inotarisirwa pakupera kwegore iroro.
Panguva iyi, Brazil iri kuedza kufambira mberi. National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) iri kugadzirira mitemo yekubatanidza musika wayo wemafuta emugungwa nezvinodiwa zvepasi rose. Chinyorwa chakaendeswa kuANP kuti veruzhinji vabvunze nezvechigadzirwa ichi chinosanganisira zvinodiwa pakuchengetedza biodiesel yemugungwa, HVO, ethanol, uye zvigadzirwa zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nenzira yegesi kuenda kumvura.
Chikumbiro ichi chinobvumira vatengesi kutengesa musanganiswa wemafuta ebiodiesel anosvika 100% kune varidzi vezvikepe vasina mvumo yemunhu mumwe nemumwe . Kusvika pari zvino, Petrobras naRaÃzen chete ndivo vaikwanisa kutengesa musanganiswa wemafuta ebiodiesel emugungwa, nemuganhu we24% wezvinhu zvinogona kudzokororwa. Mutemo uyu waizowedzera nzvimbo yacho uye kuderedza tambo, kunyangwe zvaizosiya sarudzo yekusanganiswa mumusika.
Indasitiri iyi haisi kugutsikana nemutemo wekuzvipira. Sangano reBrazilian Union of Biodiesel neBio-parafini, Ubrabio, rakakumbira kuti biodiesel isanganiswe zvishoma nezvishoma mudhiziri remugungwa. Nguva yaro inosanganisira musanganiswa we15% muna Chikunguru 2027, 20% muna Ndira 2028, uye 24% muna Chikunguru 2028. Danho rekupedzisira iri rinoenderana nemuganhu wakatobvumidzwa kumakambani makuru emafuta.
Binatural, imwe yemakambani makuru akazvimirira muBrazil anogadzira biodiesel, inofungidzira kuti musanganiswa weB15 ungagadzira marita angangoita mamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi matatu ekuwedzera kudiwa pagore. Nemusanganiswa we24%, nhamba iyoyo ingasvika marita angangoita mamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu nemasere pagore. Kunyange zvazvo isiri huwandu hwakakura kana tichienzanisa nehukuru hwechikamu ichi, kambani iyi ine zvibvumirano zvenguva refu uye inonyanya kushanda munzvimbo shoma dzechiteshi.
Chinhu chakanaka ndechekuti biodiesel inoshanda sechinhu chinoisa mafuta muinjini dziripo uye inoshandiswa muinjini dziripo, pasina shanduko dziri mungarava kana masisitimu matsva ekufambisa. Muridzi wengarava anogona kusangana nezvimwe zvinodiwa necarbon intensity nekuchinja zvavanenge vachitakura, kwete ngarava pachayo.
Zvinorevei kuEurope nekuSpain?
MuEurope, kumanikidzwa kwemutemo kuri kusunda vanoshanda kuti vatarise kupfuura dhiziri rekare. Puratifomu yeVolvo D13 muenzaniso wekuti vagadziri vari kuedza sei kufukidza mamiriro akasiyana-siyana neinjini imwe chete. KuSpain, nyika ine mafambiro emugwagwa akawandisa uye inovimba nedhiziri , kuchinjika uku kunogona kushanda kana biodiesel ikawanikwa muSpain nemitengo inokwikwidzana.
Dambudziko harisi rehunyanzvi chete. Kushandiswa chaiko kwebiodiesel kunoenderana nekutakura zvinhu, mitero, uye kukwikwidzana nemamwe mafuta. HVO, Bio-LNG, nemagetsi zvese zvinokwikwidzana pamusika mumwe chete. Chakanakira biodiesel ndechekuti haidi kuvandudzwa kwemotokari nekukurumidza , chimwe chinhu icho makambani mazhinji asingakwanise kutenga.
Muchikamu chezvegungwa, mitemo yeIMO uye zvisarudzo zvinoitwa nenyika dzakadai seBrazil zvinogona kuunza mafambiro. Kana biodiesel ikasimbiswa senzvimbo yekufambisa mafuta yezvikepe , vagadziri vekuEurope nezviteshi zvengarava mukondinendi yese vanogona kutarisa musika uyu zvakanyanya. Makambani ekutakura zvinhu anoshanda munzira dzepasi rose achafanirawo kuenzanisa mitengo, zvitupa, uye kuwanikwa.
Shoko guru nderekuti shanduko. Hapana mhinduro imwe chete inoshanda kune zvese zvinotakura zvinhu zvinorema, kunyanya kwete kwenguva pfupi. Biodiesel inogona kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo nekukurumidza kana ikatsiva mamwe mafossil diesel, asi kukanganisa kwayo kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, kugara kwenguva refu kwakabvumidzwa , uye kugona kwayo kugadzira.
Matanho anotevera uye kudhindwa kwakanaka kwemusika
MuBrazil, ANP ichaongorora mazano echikamu ichi isati yaburitsa mitemo yekupedzisira pakupera kwa2026. Kana ikatenderwa nemutemo wakabatanidzwa, danho rekutanga richatanga kushanda muna Chikunguru 2027. Izvi zvaizotora makore maviri nehafu chikamu chekutanga chekutevedzera zvizere mutemo weIMO, sekureva kwevanobva muindasitiri.
MuEurope, chinangwa chicharamba chiri pakuyera nemazvo utsi hunobuda uye kushandiswa kwemafuta. Sisitimu yeVECTO inoderedza kuenzanisa kwemotokari uye inogona kukanganisa mitero yemotokari. Kune vanotenga marori, injini inogamuchira biodiesel, HVO, kana gasi rinogona kushandiswazve inopa mukana wekuchinjika, asi haivimbise kuwanikwa kwemafuta munzira dzese.
Indasitiri yemafuta anogadzirwa nemhepo iri kutarisawo kumakambani ekufambisa ndege, ekutakura zvinhu, uye ekudziisa—misika inokwikwidzana nekugadzirwa kwakafanana. Kudiwa uku kunogona kuwedzera mitengo kana kuwanikwa kwezvinhu kukasakura nepamwero wakafanana. Ndosaka nyanzvi dzichisimbirira kuti mitemo yeruzhinji inofanira kunge yakagadzikana uye inofungidzirwa, kwete kutevedzana kwematanho ekumisa gore rega rega.
Mubvunzo mukuru ndewekuti biodiesel ichave mhinduro yenguva pfupi here kana kuti inogara kwenguva refu . Mumarori, kuenderana kwayo neinjini dziripo kunoita kuti ive inoyevedza. Muzvikepe, kudonha kwayo mumhepo kunoita kuti ive mukana wekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo pasina kuvakazve zvikepe zvese. Chiri kushaikwa ndechekuti mitemo, zvinhu, uye mafambiro emhepo zvifambe nenzira imwe chete.
Biodiesel iri kufambira mberi pamatanho maviri akasiyana : mainjini emota, uko Volvo iri kugadzirira D13 yayo kuti ishande nemafuta akasiyana-siyana anodzokororwa, uye kutakura zvinhu mugungwa, uko Brazil iri kufunga nezvemisanganiswa inosungirwa uye IMO iri kushanda kuti igadzire hurongwa hwepasi rose. KuEurope neSpain, mukana uri mukushandisa zvivakwa zviripo uku uchinyatsotarisa mitengo, kuwanikwa, uye zvitupa. Tekinoroji iyi yatovepo; ikozvino zvichiri kuda kuonekwa kana mitemo nemusika zvichafamba nenzira imwe chete.
